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Ciskei was a Bantustan in the south east of South Africa. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that evokes and eulogizes the history traditions and struggles of its people recognized either by a nation's Throughout the world there are many cities that were once national Capitals but no longer have that status because the country ceased to exist the capital was moved or the capital Bhisho, formerly known as Bisho, is the capital of the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa. Xhosa (ˈkǁʰoːsa ( isiXhosa) is one of the Official languages of South Africa. For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. A bantustan or more commonly black african homeland or simply homeland, was territory set aside for black inhabitants of South Africa and South-West Self-governance is an abstract concept that refers to several scales of Organization. Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated A currency is a unit of exchange, facilitating the transfer of Goods and/or services It is one form of Money, where money is The rand ( sign: R; code: ZAR) is the Currency of South Africa. A bantustan or more commonly black african homeland or simply homeland, was territory set aside for black inhabitants of South Africa and South-West The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa It consisted of two separate blocks of land covering 2,970 square miles (7,700 km³), almost entirely surrounded by what was then the Cape Province and possessing a small coastline along the shore of the Indian Ocean. The Cape of Good Hope Province (commonly referred to simply as the Cape Province) was a province in the Union of South Africa and subsequently the Republic of The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's Oceanic divisions covering about 20% of the water on the Earth 's surface
Ciskei had a succession of capitals during its existence. Originally, Zwelitsha served as the capital with the view that Alice would become the long term national capital. Alice, a town in South Africa, is named after Princess Alice, daughter of the British Queen Victoria. However, it was Bisho (now spelled Bhisho) that became the capital until Ciskei's reintegration into South Africa. Bhisho, formerly known as Bisho, is the capital of the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa.
Under South Africa's policy of apartheid, land was set aside for black peoples in self-governing territories. Ciskei was designated as one of two homeland or "Bantustan" for Xhosa-speaking people. Xhosa (ˈkǁʰoːsa ( isiXhosa) is one of the Official languages of South Africa. Xhosa speakers were resettled there and to Transkei, the other Xhosa homeland. The Transkei —which means "the area beyond the Kei River"—is a region situated in the Eastern Cape of South Africa.
The name Ciskei means "on this side of the Kei River", and is in contrast to the neighboring Bantustan of Transkei. The Great Kei River is a river in South Africa in the Eastern Cape province The Transkei —which means "the area beyond the Kei River"—is a region situated in the Eastern Cape of South Africa.
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History
In 1961 it became a separate administrative region and in 1972 was declared self-governing under the rule of Lennox Sebe. Lennox Leslie Wongamu Sebe ( 26 July 1926 – 23 July 1994) was chief minister of the Xhosa Bantustan of Ciskei In 1981 it became the fourth homeland to be declared independent by the South African government and its residents lost their South African citizenship. In common with other Bantustans its independence was not recognised by the international community. ||}These lists of unrecognized or partially recognized countries give an overview of contemporary geopolitical entities that wish to be recognized as Sovereign The international community is a vague term used in International relations to refer to all the countries of the world or to a group of them
Sebe was deposed in 1990 by Brigadier Oupa Gqozo, who ruled as a dictator despite an initial promise of a swift return to civilian rule. Joshua Oupa Gqozo (ɔupʼa ɡǃʱɔz̤ɔ ( 10 March 1952 -) was the military ruler of the former Homeland of Ciskei in South Africa A dictator is an Authoritarian ruler (eg Absolutist or autocratic) who assumes sole and absolute power without hereditary ascension such as an Absolute During 1991-92, many of the legal foundations of apartheid in South Africa were removed, undermining the rationale for the homelands' continued existence. The African National Congress pressed strongly for them to be reincorporated into South Africa. The African National Congress (ANC has been South Africa 's governing party supported by its Tripartite alliance with the Congress of South African Trade Unions This was opposed by Gqozo and the other homeland leaders.
On 7 September 1992 the Ciskei Defence Force fired into a crowd of ANC members demanding the removal of Gqozo. Events 1251 BC - A Solar eclipse on this date might mark the birth of legendary Heracles at Thebes Greece. Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) 28 people were killed and hundreds injured in the Bisho massacre outside the Ciskei capital, Bisho. The Bisho massacre occurred on 7 September 1992 in Bisho, in the nominally independent homeland of Ciskei in South Africa
Gqozo refused to participate in the multiracial negotiations to agree a post-apartheid constitution for South Africa and initially threatened to boycott the first multiracial elections. A constitution is a system for government often Codified as a written document that establishes the rules and principles of an autonomous political entity This became unsustainable and in March 1994, Ciskei government workers went on strike for fear of losing their job security and pensions in the post-apartheid era. The police then mutinied, prompting Gqozo to resign on 22 March. South African government took control of the homeland to ensure security until the elections could be held the following month.
Ciskei and all of the other homelands were reincorporated into South Africa on 27 April 1994, after the first post-apartheid elections. Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Along with Transkei, it became part of the new Eastern Cape Province. The Eastern Cape is a province of South Africa. Its capital is Bhisho. Its capital became the capital of the Eastern Cape Province.
| Historical nation-states of present-day South Africa (including Boer republics and TBVC states) |
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Mapungubwe (1050-1270) |
See also
Books on Ciskei
- Mager, A. For the online game see Jennifer Government NationStates. The nation-state is a certain form of State that derives its legitimacy The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa The Boer Republics (sometimes also referred to as Boer states were independent self-governed Republics created by the Dutch -speaking (proto Afrikaans) inhabitants South Africa is currently divided into nine provinces On the eve of the 1994 general election, South Africa's former homelands also known as Bantustans, were reintegrated Mapungubwe was a city in what is now northern South Africa. Flourishing from 1050 AD to 1270 AD at the confluence of the Shashe and Limpopo Swellendam is a small town in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. Griquatown is a sheep farming town (primarily Dorpers, a South African breed which can now also be found in places such as Australia) Philippolis is a small town in the Free State province of South Africa. Winburg is a small mixed farming town in the Free State province of South Africa. Potchefstroom is an Academic city hosting the Potchefstroom Campus of the North-West University (previously known as Potchefstroom University Potchefstroom is an Academic city hosting the Potchefstroom Campus of the North-West University (previously known as Potchefstroom University Utrecht Lydenburg is a Town in Mpumalanga, South Africa. The town is slated to be renamed Mashishing, according to an announcement made on June 30 2006 Vryheid is a Coal mining and Cattle ranching town in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Griqualand East (also called East Griqualand) is a territory (20000 sq Griqualand West is an area of central South Africa with an area of 40000 km² that now forms part of the Northern Cape Province, which was inhabited by the Klein Vrystaat ( Afrikaans: Little Free State) was a short-lived Boer republic in what is now South Africa. Stellaland was a short-lived Boer Republic from 1882 until 1885, located in an area of Bechuanaland, west of the then South Goshen (named after the biblical Land of Goshen) was a short-lived Boer republic from 24 October 1882 until 7 August 1883 Zululand, the Zulu -dominated area of northern KwaZulu-Natal Province in South Africa, extends along the coast of the Indian Ocean from the Tugela The Natalia Republic was a short-lived Boer republic established in 1839 by local Afrikaans -speaking Voortrekkers shortly after the famous Battle The Republic of the Orange Free State (Oranje-Vrystaat Dutch: Oranje-Vrijstaat) was an independent Boer republic in southern Africa This article is about the former country in Africa For the present-day country see South Africa; for the region where both are located see Southern Africa } The Union of South Africa is the historic predecessor to the present-day state of the Republic of South Africa. Bophuthatswana (meaning gathering of the Tswana people) was a Bantustan ("homeland" in the northwest of South Africa. The Transkei —which means "the area beyond the Kei River"—is a region situated in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. Venda was a Bantustan in northern South Africa, now part of Limpopo province The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa List of the Heads of State of Ciskei (Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office See also Bantustan K. (1999) Gender and the Making of a South African Bantustan: A Social History of the Ciskei, 1945-1959, Heinemann.
- Switzer, L. (1993) Power and Resistance in an African Society: The Ciskei Xhosa and the Making of South Africa, University of Wisconsin Press.
External links
- Ciskei - General Information
- African Studies Quarterly
- South African history site
- WHKMLA site
- Creation of tribalism in Ciskei
Dictionary
Ciskei
-proper noun
- A former Bantustan in the southeast of South Africa, formed in 1961, declared independent in 1981, and reintegrated in 1993.
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