Cirebon - Citizendia

This article is about the city of Cirebon. For the regency, see Cirebon Regency. Cirebon Regency is a regency (kabupaten of West Java, Indonesia.

Cirebon (formerly referred to as Cheribon in English) is a city on the north coast of the Indonesian island of Java. A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. Java (Jawa is an Island of Indonesia and the site of its Capital city Jakarta. It is located in West Java province, approximately 297 km east of Jakarta, at 6°43′S, 108°34′E. West Java (Jawa Barat with population around 3572 million is the most populous province of Indonesia, located on Java Island. The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand Jakarta (also DKI Jakarta) is the Capital and largest city of Indonesia.

City Hall, Cirebon, West Java, Indonesia

1 Etymology
2 History
3 Demographics & Culture
4 Administration
5 Notable places
- 5.1 Port of Cirebon
6 References

Etymology

Its name is often said to be derived from the Sundanese words of "Cai" (or river) and "Rebon" (or "shrimp"). Sundanese ( Basa Sunda, literally "language of Sunda " is the Language of about 27 million people from the western third of Java (Indeed the main production of the city is fishery including shrimps. For the fishing industry and the practice of fishing see Fishing. True shrimp are swimming decapod Crustaceans classified in the Infraorder Caridea, found widely around the world in both fresh ) The alternative Javanese derivation is from "Caruban", meaning "mixture"--a reference to Cirebon's complex mix of Javanese, Malay, Sundanese, Chinese and Arabic cultural elements. While Indonesians from outside Cirebon pronounce the name CHEE-ray-bone, locals say Cher-BONE.

Aside from fishery, its harbour, Tanjung Emas, on the Java Sea has been a major hub for timber from Borneo. Java Sea (Laut Jawa is a large (310000 km² shallow sea on the Sunda Shelf. Borneo is the third largest island in the world and is located at the centre of Maritime Southeast Asia. A small landing site "Penggung" also serves the AURI. The city also lies on the major connection road in the north coast of Java, which stretches from Anyer, passing through Jakarta, and ends at Surabaya. Anyer is a town in West Java, Indonesia, fifteen kilometres south of Merak. Jakarta (also DKI Jakarta) is the Capital and largest city of Indonesia. Surabaya (formerly spelled as Soerabaja) is Indonesia 's second-largest city, and the capital of the province of East Java. This road is called Jalur Pantura ( Pantai Utara Jawa ).

History

See also: The Sultanate of Cirebon

Cirebon was part of the Sunda kingdom as stated in the travel records of Prince Bujangga Manik, a Sundanese Hindu monk who visited all the holy Hindu sites in the islands of Java and Bali at the beginning of the sixteenth century AD. The Sultanate of Cirebon ( Indonesian: Kesultanan Cirebon, Sundanese: Kasultanan Cirebon) was a sultanate in West Java founded in the The Sunda Kingdom was according to primary historical records from the sixteenth century a kingdom covering areas of present-day Banten Province Jakarta, West Java (Jawa is an Island of Indonesia and the site of its Capital city Jakarta. Bali is an Indonesian Island located at, the westernmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands, lying between Java to the west and Lombok to In his lontar manuscripts, which have been saved in the Bodleian Library of Oxford University in England since the 16th century, the borders of the Sunda kingdom in the west are the Sunda Straits and in the east are the Cipamali river (present day kali Brebes) and the Ciserayu river (present day kali Serayu) in Central Java Province. The Bodleian Library ( the main Research library of the University of Oxford, is one of the oldest libraries in Europe, and in England The University of Oxford (informally "Oxford University" or simply "Oxford" located in the city of Oxford, Oxfordshire, England is the ^[1]

Another source proclaiming the fact is a report from Tomé Pires, a European explorer. Tomé Pires (1465?&ndash1524 or 1540 was an Apothecary from Lisbon who spent 1512 to 1515 in Malacca immediately after the Portuguese conquest Cimanuk is a river passing through Cirebon and it is a current boundary of West Java Province (Sunda) and Central Java Province (Java).

A major event in Cirebon's colonial history was the massive famine of 1844, apparently triggered by a combination of drought and the shift from subsistence agriculture to cash crops, particularly indigo and sugarcane, that had begun as a result of Dutch colonial policy (see Cultivation System) in the 1830s. A famine is a widespread shortage of food that may apply to any Faunal species which phenomenon is usually accompanied by regional Malnutrition, Starvation Year 1844 ( MDCCCXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year A drought is an extended period of months or years when a region notes a deficiency in its water supply Subsistence agriculture is self-sufficient farming in which farmers grow only enough food to feed the family and to pay taxes or feudal dues Indigo is the Color on the Electromagnetic spectrum between about 420 and 450 nm in Wavelength, placing it between Blue and violet Sugarcane ( Saccharum) is a genus of 6 to 37 species (depending on taxonomic interpretation of tall perennial grasses (family Poaceae tribe Andropogoneae The Cultivation System ( cultuurstelsel) or less accurately the Culture System, was a Dutch government policy in the mid-nineteenth century for its

Demographics & Culture

Passenger of Cirebon Express train at Cirebon Station

The city's population is 223,776. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology As with other coastal cities in Indonesia, a large population of ethnic Chinese has flocked into the city as a result of long-term Chinese immigration since the seventeenth century. Chinese Indonesians ( Hakka: Thong ngin Min: Teng lang Indonesian: Tionghoa Indonesia, or (derisively Cina totok) are ethnically China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar

Cirebon itself is known as Grage in the Cirebon dialect of Javanese language, which came from the words "Negara Gede", meaning "Great Kingdom. "

Although surrounded by Sundanese-speaking areas in West Java, linguists have stated clearly that Cirebon (and the historically related region of Banten) are Javanese language areas. In addition, this is supported by the Cirebon people referring to themselves as "wong Jawa" ("Javanese people"), and to their language as "basa Jawa" ("Javanese"). However, the Cirebon dialect is sufficiently different from the dominant south central Javanese dialect that it is sometimes assumed to be non-Javanese by outsiders. See also: Java, languages map. Java (Jawa is an Island of Indonesia and the site of its Capital city Jakarta.

As a coastal city, Cirebon's main industry is fishery. Its products include terasi (shrimp paste), shrimp crackers and salted fish. Shrimp paste or shrimp sauce, is a common ingredient used in Southeast Asian and Southern Chinese cuisine. Krupuk, kerupuk, or kroepoek in ( Indonesia) Keropok in ( Malaysia) bánh phồng tôm in Vietnam; prawn Salt-cured meat or salted meat, for example Ham, Bacon, or kippered herring, is meat or fish preserved or cured by Cirebon is known for local foods, such as nasi lengko (rice mixed with bean sprouts, fried tofu and fermented soybean cake), nasi jamblang (rice of various side dishes), empal gentong ( a kind of curry ), tahu gejrot (fried tofu with red sugar topping), tahu tek-tek (fried tofu topped with peanut sauce and mixed with vegetables) and ayam panggang (barbecue chicken). Rice is a Cereal foodstuff which forms an important part of the diet of many people worldwide and as such it is a staple food for many Tofu, also (the Japanese Romaji spelling doufu (the Chinese Pinyin spelling often used in Chinese recipes or bean curd (the literal The peanut, or Groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea) is a species in the Legume family Fabaceae native to South America, Mexico Another native food is "Docang" (rice cake with sour vegetable soup).

Food from Cirebon:

Tahu Gejrot, fried tofu with red sugar topping	Boiled cow intestine, Empal Gentong soup	Nasi Jamblang (Sega Jamblang), bowls of dishes to accompany rice served on teak leaves	Nasi Lengko (Sega Lengko), vegetarian rice with tofu and beansprout
Tempe mendoan, batter coated fried tempeh	Intip (rice snack)	Kerupuk Mlarat (lit. poor kerupuk). Chips made of tapioca flour and fried in hot sand (not oil)	Indonesian crackers Emping (chips size)

Administration

Cirebon is divided into five subdistricts: Harjamukti, Kejaksan, Kesambi, Lemahwungkuk, and Pekalipan. A Subdistrict ( kecamatan) is a subdivision of a regency ( kabupaten) or city ( kota) in Indonesia.

Notable places

Wali Songo, especially Sunan Gunung Jati, is known to have influenced the city's history. In Indonesian and particularly Javanese beliefs, Wali Sanga (the nine saints (also transcribed as Wali Songo are the founding saints of Islam in Java Sunan Gunungjati was a Javanese wali who founded the city of Cirebon and the Banten Sultanate. Sunan Gunung Jati's grave is located several kilometres outside the city, in a district called Gunung Jati. There are two temples and a cave system built by two Chinese architects around the 1880s, decorated by Chinese and Western porcelain. Events and Trends Technology Development and commercial production of Electric lighting Development and commercial production of gasoline-powered The village of Trusmi, about five kilometers outside of Cirebon, is famous for batik production. Batik ( pronunciation:, but often in English is or) is a wax-resist Dyeing technique used on Textile. Plangon is a habitat of monkeys.

Karaton Kasepuhan, Karaton Kacirebonan, and Karaton Kanoman are Sultan Palaces in Cirebon.

Port of Cirebon

Main article: Port of Cirebon

The Port of Cirebon was established by the Dutch East India Company in 1865, principally as an export point for spices, sugar cane and raw materials from West Java. The Port of Cirebon is a bulk cargo Seaport in the city of Cirebon on the north coast of the Indonesian island of Java. The Dutch East India Company ( Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie or VOC in old-spelling Dutch, literally "United East Indian Warehouses and open storage areas were developed by 1890, and a British American Tobacco cigarette factory was built in the early twentieth century. British American Tobacco Plc (, KLSE: BAT is a leading British -based Tobacco company

Port activity is dominated by bulk imports of coal, liquid asphalt and vegetable oils for the West Java hinterland. West Java (Jawa Barat with population around 3572 million is the most populous province of Indonesia, located on Java Island. Until 2002, the port also catered for minor container trade and cruise shipping. Containerization (or containerisation) is a system of Intermodal freight transport Cargo Transport using standard ISO containers A cruise ship or cruise liner is a Passenger ship used for pleasure voyages where the voyage itself and the ship's amenities are part of the experience In 2006 the port handled 3. 27 million metric tons (MT) of trade, more than 90 percent as imports from other Indonesian ports. This article is about the tonne or metric ton For other tons see Ton.

References

^ Ekajati, Edi S. (2005). Kebudayaan Sunda Jaman Pajajaran. Yayasan Cipta Loka Caraka.

Graaf, H. J. de (Hermanus Johannes), 1899-(?), "Chinese Muslims in Java in the 15th and 16th centuries : the Malay Annals of Semarang and Cerbon / translated and provided with comments by H. Semarang is a city on the north coast of the island of Java, Indonesia. J. de Graaf and Th. G. Th. Pigeaud ; edited by M. C. Ricklefs. Publisher: [Melbourne] : Monash University, 1984. Description: xiii, 221 p. : folded map ; 21 cm. ISBN 0-86746-419-4 : Series: Monash papers on Southeast Asia ; no. 12

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Administrative areas in West Java

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