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Swedish cinema is one of the most widely-known national cinemas in the world, and during the 20th century was the most prominent of Scandinavia. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Terminology and usage As a cultural term "Scandinavia" has no official definition and is subject to usage by those who identify with the culture in question as well This is largely due to the popularity and prominence of the directors Ingmar Bergman, Victor Sjöström, and more recently Lasse Hallström and Lukas Moodysson. Ernst Ingmar Bergman ( pronounced) (14 July 1918 – 30 July 2007 was a nine-time Academy Award -nominated Swedish film, stage (in the United States sometimes known as Victor Seastrom) ( September 20, 1879 &ndash January 3, 1960) was a Swedish Actor Lars Sven "Lasse" Hallström (b 2 June 1946 Stockholm Sweden) is a Swedish Film director. Karl Frederik Lukas Moodysson (Swedish ˈlʉːkas ˈmɔdːʏsɔn (born January 17, 1969) is a Swedish Film writer and director

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Characteristics of Swedish cinema

Swedish films, and Scandinavian films in general, are known for stark landscapes and slow pacing. The playwright August Strindberg has dominated much of the filmmaking in Sweden, largely because of the close ties there between the film industry and the live theater industry. ( January 22, 1849  &ndash May 14, 1912) was a Swedish Writer, Playwright, and painter.

Early Swedish cinema

Swedish filmmaking rose to international prominence with the founding of Svenska Biografteatern in 1912, which had two star directors: Victor Sjöström and Mauritz Stiller. Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting (in the United States sometimes known as Victor Seastrom) ( September 20, 1879 &ndash January 3, 1960) was a Swedish Actor Mauritz Stiller ( July 17, 1883 – November 18, 1928) was a Finnish Jewish Actor, Screenwriter and influential Stiller was responsible for the early popularity of Greta Garbo, particularly through the film The Saga of Gösta Berling (1924). Greta Garbo ( 18 September 1905 &ndash 15 April 1990) was a Swedish-American actress during Hollywood 's Many of the films made at the Biografteatern had a significant impact on German directors of the silent and early sound eras, largely because Germany was cut off from French, British, and American influences through World War I.

In the mid-twenties, both of these directors and Garbo moved to the United States to work for MGM, bringing Swedish influence to Hollywood, where he made some of his best-known films there (most notably The Wind (1928). The Wind ( 1928) is an American dramatic Silent film directed by the Victor Sjöström. Year 1928 ( MCMXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The departure of the two directors left a vacuum in Swedish cinema, which went into a financial crisis consequently. Sjöström returned to Sweden in 1928, where he made two more films.

The advent of the talking movie at the beginning of the 1930s brought about a financial stabilization for Swedish cinema, but artistic and international ambitions were sacrificed for this financial success. A sound film is a motion picture with synchronized sound, or sound technologically coupled to image as opposed to a Silent film. Some provincial comedies were filmed that were created for the local market.

Swedish cinema through WWII

During World War II Swedish cinema gained artistically, mainly due to the directors Gustaf Molander and Alf Sjöberg. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Gustaf Harald August Molander ( 18 November 1888 &ndash 19 June 1973) was a Swedish actor and film director Alf Sjöberg ( 21 June 1903 &ndash 16 April 1980) was a Swedish Theatre and Film director. Cinema had to perform the task of psychological defence during the war.

Post-war

The most famous and influential Swedish filmmaker, Ingmar Bergman, rose to prominence in the fifties. Ernst Ingmar Bergman ( pronounced) (14 July 1918 – 30 July 2007 was a nine-time Academy Award -nominated Swedish film, stage He began making films in the mid-forties, and in 1955, he made Smiles of a Summer Night, which brought him international attention. Year 1955 ( MCMLV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar) Smiles of a Summer Night (Swedish Sommarnattens leende) is a 1955 film directed by Ingmar Bergman. A year later, he made one of his most famous films, The Seventh Seal. For the Biblical concept see Seven seals. For the Rakim album see The Seventh Seal (Rakim album. In the 1960s, Bergman won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film for two consecutive years, with The Virgin Spring (Jungfrukällan) in 1960 and Through a Glass Darkly (Såsom i en spegel) in 1961. The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1960 to the end of 1969 The Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film is one of the Academy Awards of Merit, popularly known as the Oscars handed out annually by the U The Virgin Spring ( Jungfrukällan) is a 1960 Swedish film directed by Ingmar Bergman. Through a Glass Darkly ( Swedish: Såsom i en spegel (" As in a mirror " is a 1961 Swedish film written He won the award again in 1983, for the early twentieth century family drama Fanny and Alexander (Fanny och Alexander). Fanny and Alexander ( Fanny och Alexander) is a 1982 Golden Globe and Academy Award -winning Swedish Film written and Bergman has also been nominated for the Best Picture award once, with the 1973 Cries and Whispers (Viskningar och rop), the story of two sisters watching over their third sister's deathbed, both afraid she might die, but hoping she does. The Academy Award for Best Motion Picture is one of the Awards of Merit presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS to artists working Cries and Whispers ( Viskningar och rop) is a 1973 Swedish film about two sisters who watch over their third sister on her deathbed torn between fearing The film lost to The Sting, and oddly enough, it was not nominated in the Foreign Language Film category. The Sting is a 1973 Caper film set in September 1936 and revolving around a complicated plot by two professional grifters ( Paul It also gave Bergman the first of three nominations for Best Director. The Academy Award for Achievement in Directing (Best Director is one of the Awards of Merit presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS to Ingmar Bergman also won no less than four Golden Globe Awards for Best Foreign Language Film. The Golden Globe Awards are American awards for motion pictures and Television programs given out each year during a formal dinner The Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film is one of the awards presented at the Golden Globes, an American film awards ceremony

Working closely with Bergman, cinematographer Sven Nykvist can be said to have had a major impact on the visual aspect of Swedish cinema. Sven Vilhem Nykvist ( 3 December 1922 &ndash 20 September 2006) was a two-time Academy Award winning Swedish Twice the recipient of the Academy Award for Best Cinematography, for Cries and Whispers and Fanny and Alexander, Nykvist is considered by many to be one of the greatest cinematographers of all time. The Academy Award for Best Cinematography is an Academy Award awarded each year to a Cinematographer for work in one particular Motion picture. He also directed The Ox (Oxen) (1991), nominated for an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 1992. The Ox ( Swedish: Oxen) is a 1991 Swedish film directed by Sven Nykvist.

Also starting his career working with Bergman, Vilgot Sjöman debuted in 1962 with The Swedish Mistress (Älskarinnan), but attracted far wider attention in Sweden when his film 491 was originally banned by the Swedish censors due to its explicit sexual content. David Harald Vilgot Sjöman ( December 2 1924 - April 9 2006) was a Swedish Writer and Film director. 491 is a 1964 Swedish black and white film directed by Vilgot Sjöman, based on a novel by Lars Görling. After some cutting, it was released in 1964. Sjöman went on to cause even wider controversy, depicting sexual intercourse in his 1967 film I Am Curious (Yellow) (Jag är nyfiken - gul). Sexual intercourse, in its biological sense is the act in which the male reproductive organ (in humans and other higher animals enters the female reproductive tract I Am Curious (Yellow (original Swedish title Jag är nyfiken - gul) is a 1967 Swedish Film directed by Vilgot In the United States the film was considered pornography and seized by the customs and banned until 1969. Pornography or porn is the explicit depiction of Sexual subject matter with the sole intention of sexually exciting the viewer When the film was eventually released, the publicity gained from the legal fight and the revolutionary graphic content drew huge crowds, making the film the most successful Swedish film export ever. Most probably, it was also instrumental in establishing a view of Swedish cinema - and perhaps even Swedes in general - as having a liberal attitude towards sexuality.

Another Swedish postwar filmmaker of note is Bo Widerberg. Bo Widerberg, ( June 8, 1930 &ndash May 1, 1997) was a Swedish Film director, writer, editor and His 1963 film Raven's End (Kvarteret Korpen) and The Man on the Roof (Mannen på taket) are widely regarded as Swedish film classics. Raven's End ( Swedish: Kvarteret Korpen) is a 1963 Swedish film directed by Bo Widerberg. The Man on the Roof ( Mannen på taket) is a 1976 Swedish Film directed by Bo Widerberg, based on the novel The His later works include The Serpent's Way (Ormens väg på hälleberget) and All Things Fair (Lust och fägring stor). All Things Fair ( Swedish: Lust och fägring stor) is a 1995 Swedish film directed by Bo Widerberg. Widerberg got as many as three Academy Award nominations for Best Foreign-Language Film, for Raven's End, Ådalen 31 and All Things Fair, but never won the award. Ådalen 31 (pron ˈoːˌdɑːlən is a 1969 Swedish film It was released in the U

Jan Troell started his career as Widerberg's director of photography, but could soon debut with his own film This Is Your Life (Här har du ditt liv). Jan Troell (born July 23 1931 in Limhamn outside Malmö, Sweden) is an Academy Award -nomiated Swedish film He went on to direct The Emigrants (Utvandrarna) in 1971 and its sequel The New Land (Nybyggarna) the following year. The Emigrants ( Swedish: Utvandrarna) is a 1971 Film directed by Jan Troell. Nybyggarna ( The New Land) is a 1972 Swedish film written by Bengt Forslund and directed by Jan Troell. The films are based on Vilhelm Moberg's epic novels about the Swedish emigration to America in the 19th century, books extremely well known in Sweden. Vilhelm Moberg ( August 20, 1898 - August 8, 1973) was a Swedish author and historian best known for his series of four novels The Emigrants was nominated for four Academy Awards, including Best Director and Best Picture. After that Troell went to Hollywood, where he directed Zandy's Bride, starring Gene Hackman, and Hurricane. Eugene Allen "Gene" Hackman (born January 30, 1930) is a two-time Academy Award -winning American actor and author Hurricane is a 1979 Romance film by Jan Troell starring Mia Farrow, Jason Robards and Max von Sydow. He returned to Sweden to make The Flight of the Eagle (Ingenjör Andrées luftfärd), a film about the Swedish explorer Andrée's disastrous 1897 polar expedition. Salomon August Andrée, during his lifetime most often known as S The film gained an Academy Awards nomination for best foreign language film. Later works include the controversial Il Capitano: A Swedish Requiem (Il Capitano), Hamsun, about Knut Hamsun, As White as in Snow (Så vit som en snö), and several documentaries. Knut Hamsun, born Knud Pedersen ( August 4, 1859 - February 19, 1952) was a Norwegian author. As White as in Snow ( Swedish title Så vit som en snö) is a Swedish film directed by Jan Troell.

In the 60's Ingmar Bergman saw a comedic duo's variety show on Gröna Lund and told his studio that "There are two funny guys down at Gröna Lund. Ernst Ingmar Bergman ( pronounced) (14 July 1918 – 30 July 2007 was a nine-time Academy Award -nominated Swedish film, stage Tivoli Gröna Lund (lit The Green Grove) is an Amusement park in Stockholm, Sweden. Why don't you let them do a movie. There ain't to many funny movies these days. " The duo was non other than Hans Alfredsson and Tage Danielsson, in common speech now as Hasseåtage who made a movie called Svenska Bilder. Hans ("Hasse" Alfredson (born June 28, 1931) is a Swedish Actor, Film director, Writer and Tage Danielsson (first name pronouced "TAH-GEH" ( February 5 1928 – October 13 1985) was a Swedish author actor Hasseåtage ("Hasse & Tage" is the commonly used name for the popular Swedish comedy-duo featuring Hans "Hasse" Alfredson and Tage Danielsson There own production company AB Svenska Ord made many more movies after that one, directed either by Hasse or Tage. AB Svenska Ord was the name of a well-known Entertainment Company in Sweden, run by comedy-duo Hasseåtage. They include, among others Docking the Boat (Att angöra en brygga), The Apple War (Äppelkriget), The Man Who Quit Smoking (Mannen som slutade röka), Release the Prisoners to Spring (Släpp fångarne loss det är vår), Ägget är Löst, The Adventures of Piccaso (Picasso's Äventyr), SOPOR and The Simple-Minded Murder (Den Enfaldige Mördaren). Att angöra en brygga (English title Docking the Boat, or sometimes To Go Ashore) is a Swedish Dark comedy Äppelkriget (English title The Apple War) is a Swedish award-winning comedy-drama film from 1971 directed by Tage Danielsson The Man Who Quit Smoking (original Swedish title Mannen som slutade röka) is a 1972 Swedish Film Comedy directed Release the Prisoners to Spring (original title Släpp fångarne loss det är vår!) is a 1975 Swedish film comedy directed by Tage Danielsson. The Simple-Minded Murder (original title Den Enfaldige Mördaren) is a 1981 Swedish Film Drama directed by Hans Alfredsson These movies are considered cult in Sweden today.

In 1968, Stefan Jarl's and Jan Lindqvist's documentary They Call Us Misfits (Dom kallar oss mods) was released. Stefan Jarl, born March 18 1941 is a Swedish film director He co-directed They Call Us Misfits ( 1968) and Dom kallar oss mods (English title They Call Us Misfits) is a 1968 Swedish documentary film directed by Stefan Jarl and Jan Lindqvist The film, the first in what would become a trilogy, is an uncompromising account of the life of two alienated teenagers. Stefan Jarl went on to make several other celebrated documentaries in the 1980s and 1990s. The 1980s was the decade spanning from January 1 1980 to December 31 1989. The 1990s collectively refers to the years between and including 1990 and 1999

Contemporary Swedish cinema

Roy Andersson had a breakthrough with his first feature-length film, A Swedish Love Story in 1969, and was awarded four prizes at the International Film Festival in Berlin the same year. Roy Andersson (born 31 March 1943) is a Swedish Film director, best known for his films A Swedish Love Story and Following the financial and critical disaster of his 1975 film Giliap he took a two-decade break from film directing. In March 1996, Andersson began filming Songs from the Second Floor, that premiered at the 2000 Cannes Film Festival, winning the Special Jury Price. Songs from the Second Floor ( Sånger från andra våningen) is a 2000 Swedish Dark comedy directed by Roy Andersson. The Cannes Film Festival (le Festival de Cannes founded in 1946 is one of the world's oldest most influential and prestigious Film festivals alongside Venice, Andersson's return to filmmaking was a major success with the critics, earning him five Guldbagge Awards in Sweden for best film, direction, cinematography, screenplay and sound. The Guldbagge Award (Guldbaggen is the official Swedish Film Award, awarded annually since 1964 by the Swedish Film Institute.

Director Lasse Hallström made his feature-length film debut in 1975 with the comedy A Guy and a Gal (En Kille och en tjej) featuring the well-known Swedish comic duo Magnus Härenstam and Brasse Brännström. Lars Sven "Lasse" Hallström (b 2 June 1946 Stockholm Sweden) is a Swedish Film director. He was the man behind most of ABBA's music videos, as well as the film ABBA: The Movie. A music video is a Short film or video that accompanies a complete piece of music most commonly a Song with lyrics ABBA The Movie is a feature length Film about the pop group ABBA 's 1977 Australian tour My Life as a Dog, released in Sweden in 1985, was nominated for two 1987 Academy Awards, for directing and for adapted screenplay. My Life as a Dog ( Mitt liv som hund) is a 1985 Swedish film based on a novel by Reidar Jönsson. The Academy Award for Achievement in Directing (Best Director is one of the Awards of Merit presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS to The Academy Award for Writing Adapted Screenplay is one of the Academy Awards, the most prominent Film awards in the United States In 1987 it won the Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film. The Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film is one of the awards presented at the Golden Globes, an American film awards ceremony Following the film's international success, Hallström has worked on American movies - What's Eating Gilbert Grape, The Cider House Rules, Chocolat and Casanova, among others. United States cinema has had a profound effect on cinema across the world since the early 20th century What's Eating Gilbert Grape is a 1993 Drama movie directed by Lasse Hallström and starring Johnny Depp, Juliette The Cider House Rules is a 1999 Drama film directed by Lasse Hallström, based on The Cider House Rules, a 1985 Chocolat is a 2000 Film based on the novel of the same name by Joanne Harris, directed by Lasse Hallström. Casanova is a 2005 American Romantic comedy Film directed by Lasse Hallström based on the life of Giacomo

Lukas Moodysson's first feature-length film, Show Me Love (aka Fucking Åmål) was a huge success in Sweden. Karl Frederik Lukas Moodysson (Swedish ˈlʉːkas ˈmɔdːʏsɔn (born January 17, 1969) is a Swedish Film writer and director Show Me Love, originally titled Fucking Åmål, is a 1998 Swedish Film directed by Lukas Moodysson. The lovingly depicted teenage angst of the main characters played well with the audience and won four Guldbagge Awards in 1998. The follow-up Together (Tillsammans) (2000) was an upbeat comedy, albeit with some darkly satirical undertones, set in a 1970s Stockholm commune. Together ( Tillsammans) is a 2000 Comedy drama film It is Swedish director Lukas Moodysson 's second full length film This article is about the Decade 1970-1979 For the Year 1970 see 1970. ('stɔkhɔlm is Sweden 's Capital and its largest City. It is the site of the national Swedish government, the parliament, and the But Moodyson's filmmaking then took a radically different direction. The 2002 Lilya 4-ever (Lilja 4-ever) is a dark, tragic story about trafficking in human beings, and the 2004 A Hole in My Heart (Ett hål i mitt hjärta) deals with an amateur porn movie recording, causing some controversy due to its shocking and disturbing footage. Human trafficking is the recruitment transportation harbouring or receipt of people for the purposes of slavery forced labor (including bonded labor or debt bondage and servitude Ett hål i mitt hjärta ( A Hole in My Heart) is a Swedish movie written and directed by Lukas Moodysson, and starring Thorsten Amateur pornography is a category of Pornography that features models or actors performing without pay or for whom this material is their first or only paid modeling work

Other young Swedish filmmakers that have seen major success in recent years include Lebanon-born director Josef Fares, with the comedies Jalla! Jalla! (2000) and Kopps (2003), and the refugee drama Zozo (2005), Iranian-born Reza Parsa with the drama Before the Storm (Före stormen) (2000), and Maria Blom, with the comedy Dalecarlians (Masjävlar) (2004). Lebanon (ˈlɛbənɒn Arabic: ar لبنان Lubnān) officially the Republic of Lebanon or Lebanese Republic (ar الجمهورية اللبنانية Josef Fares (born September 19 1977 in Beirut, Lebanon) is a Swedish Film director with Syriac origin Jalla! Jalla! is a 2000 Swedish comedy film directed by Josef Fares. Kopps is a 2003 Swedish Film directed by Josef Fares. The name itself is a Pun on the English word "Cops" Zozo is a 2005 Swedish-Lebanese film about a Lebanese boy during the civil war, who gets separated from his family and ends up in Sweden For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. Reza Parsa is a Swedish film director At the age of 22 he was admitted to the 4-year directing program at the legendary National Film School of Denmark (1991-95

The Swedish film industry

The Swedish Film Institute was founded in 1963 to support and develop the Swedish film industry. The Swedish Film Institute (sv Svenska Filminstitutet) was founded in 1963 to support and develop the Swedish film industry. It supports Swedish filmmakings and allocates grants for production, distribution and public showing of Swedish films in Sweden. It also promotes Swedish cinema internationally. Furthermore, the Institute organises the annual Guldbagge awards. The Guldbagge Award (Guldbaggen is the official Swedish Film Award, awarded annually since 1964 by the Swedish Film Institute.

Through the Swedish Film Agreement, between the Swedish state and the film and media industry, the Government of Sweden, the TV companies which are party to the agreement, and Sweden's cinema owners jointly fund the Film Institute and thus, indirectly, Swedish filmmaking. The government of Sweden is a Constitutional monarchy based on Parliamentary democracy. The current agreement runs from January 1, 2006, until December 31, 2010. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia. For the film see 2010 The Year We Make Contact. For the book see 2010 Odyssey Two.

At a rate of, currently, 20 films a year the Swedish film industry is on par with other comparable North European countries.

In Trollhättan Municipality there is a film production facility known as Trollywood; movies shot there include Show Me Love, Dancer in the Dark and Dogville. Trollhättan Municipality ( Trollhättans kommun or Trollhättans stad) is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in western Sweden For the documentary about homeless people see Trollywood (film Trollywood is the informal name for a film production facility in Trollhättan Dancer in the Dark is an award-winning Musical film Drama released in 2000. Dogville is a 2003 Film written and directed by Lars von Trier, starring Nicole Kidman, Paul Bettany, Lauren The movie studio Film i Väst centered here produces about half of Sweden's full-length films. Film i Väst (translated as "Film in west") is a film company located in Trollhättan, Sweden, founded in 1992.

In 2006 the short film An Autumn Twilight (Dowdall, 2007) was the first international film (UK) to take an official award from the Swedish Arts and Culture Fund (SACF). This showing that Swedish cinema is creating its own standards within the international film world.

Swedish films

List of Swedish films

See also

External links

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