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North American cinema

The history of cinema in Quebec started on June 27, 1896 when the French Louis Minier inaugurated the first movie projection in North America in a Montreal theatre room. The term North American cinema is generally used to refer collectively to the film industries of the United States and Canada. This article primarily discusses cinema in English Canada For information on French Canadian cinema see also Cinema of Quebec. United States cinema has had a profound effect on cinema across the world since the early 20th century Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk Events 1358 - Republic of Dubrovnik is founded 1709 - Peter the Great defeats Charles XII of Sweden Year 1896 ( MDCCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Montreal, or Montréal in French ( pronounced in French, in English) is the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec However, it would have to wait until the 1960s before a genuine Quebec cinema industry would emerge. Year 1960 ( MCMLX) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Due to language and cultural differences between the predominantly francophone population of Quebec and the predominantly anglophone population of the rest of Canada, Quebec's film industry is commonly regarded as a distinct entity from its English Canadian counterpart. The adjective francophone (alternately Francophone) means French -speaking typically as primary language whether referring to individuals groups or places An Anglophone (or anglophone) is someone who speaks the English language. In addition to participating in Canada's national Genie Awards, the Quebec film industry also maintains its own awards ceremony, the Jutra Awards. Genie Awards are given out to recognize the best of Canadian cinema by the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television. The Jutra Award ( Prix Jutra or La Soirée des Prix Jutra) is awarded annually to Films from the Quebecois part of the Canadian film industry In addition, the popularity of homegrown French language films among Quebec audiences means that Quebec films are often more successful at the box office than English Canadian films — in most years, in fact, the top-grossing Canadian film of the year is a French language film from Quebec.

See also: Cinema of Canada

Contents

Before the Office national du film

From the 1896 to the 1960s, the Catholic clergy tried to control what movies Quebecers could see. This article primarily discusses cinema in English Canada For information on French Canadian cinema see also Cinema of Quebec. Year 1896 ( MDCCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1960 to the end of 1969 Two methods were employed: censorship and prohibition of attendance by children under 16. In 1913, the Bureau de censure de vues animées (Office of censorship for motion pictures) began regulating the projection of movies in Quebec. Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common In 1927, the Laurier-Palace theatre burned down, killing many children. Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The church then almost succeeded at closing down all projection rooms in the province. However, the Parliament of Quebec passed a law preventing only children under 16 from attending movie projections. This law would be repealed only in 1961. Year 1961 ( MCMLXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Nevertheless, some films were produced in Quebec during this period. Those were mostly documentaries, some of which were made by priests. In the 1940s and 1950s, the first commercial attempts at cinema happened. The 1940s decade ran from 1940 to 1949 Events and trends The 1940s was a period between the radical 1930s and the conservative 1950s which also leads the period to be The 1950s Decade refers to the years of 1950 to 1959 inclusive Two production houses were at the origins of all the movies of this period: Renaissance Films and Québec Productions. Le gros Bill and Un homme et son péché were both released in 1949. Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A popular movie from that era is 1952's La petite Aurore l’enfant martyr by Jean-Yves Bigras, a drama movie based on the story of abused child Aurore Gagnon. Aurore Gagnon ( May 31, 1909 - February 12, 1920) was a victim of Child abuse in the town of Fortierville Quebec

After the Office national du film

The National Film Board of Canada was established by the Parliament of Canada in 1939. The National Film Board of Canada (usually National Film Board or NFB) is Canada's public film producer and distributor Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Its office moved from Ottawa to Montreal in 1955. Year 1955 ( MCMLV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar) In 1957, the new commissioner, Albert Trueman, recommended the creation of a separately funded French production wing. Year 1957 ( MCMLVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar) Minister J. W. Pickersgill rejected Trueman's recommendation as Ottawa feared that two separate organizations would develop under the same roof. John Whitney "Jack" Pickersgill, PC, CC ( June 23, 1905 - November 14, 1997) was a Canadian Civil This decision intensified the campaign of the Quebec French language press for an autonomous French language branch. Guy Roberge was appointed Commissioner in April 1957. Year 1957 ( MCMLVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar) The French branch of the National Film Board of Canada was established and the NFB became autonomous in 1959. The National Film Board of Canada (usually National Film Board or NFB) is Canada's public film producer and distributor The year 1959 ( MCMLIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Cinema-Vérité ("truth cinema") authors Michel Brault and Pierre Perrault made their debut. Michel Brault, OQ ( 25 June 1928, Montreal - is a Quebec Cinematographer, Cameraman, Film director For most of the 1960s, Quebec films were about the country. Other important filmmakers of the 60s include Gilles Groulx and Claude Jutra. Gilles Groulx ( 30 May 1931, Montreal, Quebec, Canada - 22 August 1994) was a Canadian film director Claude Jutra ( March 11, 1930 - November 5, 1986) was a Quebec Actor, Film director and writer. That decade also saw the beginnings of directors Gilles Carle and Denys Arcand. Adapted from the article Denys Arcand Denys Arcand from Wikinfo licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.

The 1970s

Two key changes in the late 1960s paved the way for a new era in Québécois cinema. First, in 1967, Quebec's (religious) censorship bureau was replaced by a film ratings system administered by the province, film distribution was now free of Catholic rigidity. The other phenomenon was the introduction, in 1968, by the federal government, of its Canadian Film Development Corporation (CFDC, to become Telefilm Canada). This allowed a greater number of films to reach the screen through government subsidy.

Commercial directors such as Denis Héroux became known for his films Valérie and Deux femmes en or, two comedies with erotic overtones showing popular success not seen in Quebec since Jean-Yves Bigras' La Petite Aurore l'enfant martyre (1952). Denis Héroux (born July 15, 1940, Montreal Quebec) is a Quebec film director and producer Valérie is a 1969 Black-and-white Quebec Film starring Danielle Ouimet, who plays Valérie and Guy Godin

The seventies also marked a high in national filmmaking seen from an artistic perspective, an assessment supported by opinion polls such as the TIFF List of Canada's Top Ten Films of All Time, which has included several films from that decade every year that the poll was taken. An opinion poll is a survey of Public opinion from a particular sample. Arcand and Carle had critical (especially at Cannes) and some commercial success with films such as Gina (Arcand) and La vraie nature de Bernadette (Carle). Cannes (kan in Occitan Canas) is a city in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur In 1971, director Claude Jutra released one of the most critically praised Quebec film to date, Mon oncle Antoine. Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. Mon oncle Antoine is a 1971 National Film Board of Canada ( Office national du film du Canada) French language Drama film However, his next movie, an adaptation of Anne Hébert's Kamouraska, was a commercial and critical failure. Anne Hébert, OQ (an eˈbɛʀ in French ( August 1, 1916 - January 22, 2000) was a Canadian Author and Kamouraska is a novel written by Anne Hébert and published in 1970 It should be mentioned that this film suffered re-editing done to accommodate theater owners. A two-hour-long restored version, seen in 2003, shows more artistic coherence. In 1977, Jean Beaudin's J. Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays A. Martin photographe was selected at Cannes where Monique Mercure, the female star of the film, won Best Actress (tying with Shelley Duvall for 3 Women). Cannes (kan in Occitan Canas) is a city in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Monique Mercure, CC (born November 14, 1930) is a Canadian actress Shelley Alexis Duvall (born July 7, 1949) is an award-winning American Film and Television actress. 3 Women is a 1977 film directed by Robert Altman, starring Shelley Duvall, Sissy Spacek, and Janice Rule.

The 1980s

The victory of the "no" camp in the referendum on sovereignty association was a turning point in Québécois history and culture. Denys Arcand made one of his most acclaimed picture with the NFB, Le confort et l'indifférence, about the result of the referendum. Adapted from the article Denys Arcand Denys Arcand from Wikinfo licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. Le confort et l'indifférence is a 1981 Documentary film by Denys Arcand, offering an analysis of the 1980 Quebec referendum, in which He then proceeded to direct two movies that were nominated for best foreign picture at the Academy Awards: 1986's Le Déclin de l'empire américain and 1989's Jésus de Montréal. "The Oscar" redirects here for the film see The Oscar (film. The Decline of the American Empire ( French Le Déclin de l'empire américain) is a 1986 Canadian comedy Jesus of Montreal (French Jésus de Montréal) is a 1989 Film by Quebec Film director Denys Arcand

After 1980, a lot of artists felt that the struggle to build a nation that had animated early Quebec cinema was lost. Year 1980 ( MCMLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar) Québécois filmmakers began to make movies that were no longer centred on the Québécois identity. The 1986 success, at home and abroad, of Le déclin. Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) . . marked another turning point in the movie history of the province. The government-funded movie industry tried to repeat Arcand's success with international co-productions, big budget movies and so-called "mass audience movies".

Meanwhile, director Robert Morin made himself known with personal movies like Requiem pour un beau sans-coeur. Claude Jutra committed suicide in the 1980s after a struggle with Alzheimer's disease, and Gilles Carle became too sick to direct.

The 1990s and beyond

1990-2002 saw the solidification of Quebec's movie industry. Independent films such as Denis Villeneuve's Maelström, Denis Chouinard's L’Ange de goudron, and Un crabe dans la tête caught the media's attention. Denis Villeneuve (born on October 3, 1967 in Gentilly, Quebec) is a Quebecois Film director and writer. Maelström is a 2000 Canadian film by Québécois Writer - director Denis Villeneuve. Séraphin: un homme et son péché, directed by Charles Binamé, was a major success at the box office in 2002. Séraphin un homme et son péché (English title Séraphin Heart of Stone) is a Quebec film released in 2002 The next year, 2003, was called "the year of Quebec cinema's rebirth" with Denys Arcand winning the foreign film Oscar for Les Invasions barbares, the sequel of Le déclin de l'empire américain, and with Gaz bar blues and Seducing Doctor Lewis gaining both critical and public acclaim. The Barbarian Invasions ( Les Invasions barbares) is a French Canadian comedy / Drama film directed by Denys Arcand. The Decline of the American Empire ( French Le Déclin de l'empire américain) is a 1986 Canadian comedy Seducing Doctor Lewis ( La Grande séduction) is a 2003 Québécois Comedy film and the first film directed by Jean-François In 2005, C.R.A.Z.Y. was released, grossing a considerable amount in such a small market, and garnering wide-spread praise from critics.

In 1994, Pierre Falardeau's Octobre told a fictionalized version of the October Crisis from the point of view of the Chenier Cell, the FLQ terrorist cell who in 1970 kidnapped and executed Quebec minister and Deputy Premier Pierre Laporte. Pierre Falardeau (born on December 28, 1946 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada) is a Quebec film and This article is about the movie Octobre; for information about the Gregorian month see October.

In 2006, the Quebec-made action-comedy Bon Cop, Bad Cop took over the title of most popular Canadian film at the Canadian box office. Bon Cop Bad Cop is a 2006 Canadian comedy - thriller Buddy cop film about English Canadian and Québécois Sales for Bon Cop, Bad Cop have totalled $13 million across the country. The previous Quebec film to hold this honor was Les Boys. Les Boys is a 1997 Quebec -made Comedy film directed by Louis Saia.

Congorama, Un Dimanche a Kigali, La Vie Secrète des Gens Heureux, Que Dieu bénisse l'Amérique, Maurice Richard and A Vos Marques. Congorama is a Canadian Film directed by Philippe Falardeau, released in 2006. Maurice Richard is a French language Canadian Biopic about legendary Ice hockey player Maurice "The Rocket" Richard . . Party! were some of the more recent Quebec success stories. In 2007, Arcand's L'âge des ténèbres was selected as the closing film for the Cannes Film Festival. Days of Darkness ( French: L’Âge des ténèbres, also known as The Age of Ignorance) is a 2007

Bibliography

Books

Journals

See also

External links

The culture of Quebec is a Western culture that is rooted in the history and society of the French -speaking majority This is a list of actresses and actors from the Canadian province of Québec, Canada. This is a list of Quebec film directors A Jeremy Peter Allen Denys Arcand Louise Archambault This is a list of films produced in Quebec ordered by year of release but is not necessarily chronological This is a list of Authors from the Canadian province of Quebec. This article primarily discusses cinema in English Canada For information on French Canadian cinema see also Cinema of Quebec.
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