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South Asian cinema
Bengali cinema
  • Cinema of India
Assamese cinema
Bengali cinema
Bollywood
Karnataka cinema
Kollywood
Malayalam cinema
Marathi cinema
Punjwood
Tollywood

The Indian film industry is the largest in the world in terms of ticket sales and number of films produced annually (877 feature films and 1177 short films were released in the year 2003 alone). South Asian cinema refers to the cinema of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, This article addresses Persian and Pashto cinemas of Afghanistan The Bangladeshi film industry, popularly known as Dallywood (a Portmanteau of the words Dhaka and Hollywood) has The history of cinema in Bengal dates back to the 1890s when the first " Bioscopes quot were shown in theatres in Calcutta. Assamese cinema was born in 1935 when Jyoti Prasad Agarwala released his movie Joymoti. The history of cinema in Bengal dates back to the 1890s when the first " Bioscopes quot were shown in theatres in Calcutta. Bollywood (बॉलीवूड بالی وڈ is the informal term popularly used for the Mumbai -based Hindi-language Film industry in India The Cinema of Karnataka, sometimes colloquially referred to as Sandalwood encompasses movies made in the Indian state of Karnataka. Tamil cinema or Kollywood ( Tamil: கோலிவுட் kōlivūṭ) is the English name of the popular Tamil Film Industry based in the Malayalam cinema refers to Films made in the Indian state of Kerala in the Malayalam language. Marathi cinema (मराठी चित्रपट is one of the oldest in regional Indian films industry Punjwood is the informal name given to Punjabi cinema, the Punjabi language film industry in the state of Punjab in India. The himalayan country of Nepal does not have a very long Film history but the industry has its own place in the cultural heritage of Nepal The cinema of Pakistan refers to Pakistan 's film industry Most of the feature films shot in Pakistan are in Urdu language but may also include films in Punjabi Sri Lankan cinema in recent years has featured films that tackle gritty subjects including family relationships abortion and the years of conflict between the military and Tamil India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country [1] Movie tickets in India are among the cheapest in the world. Cinemaaustraliajpg|thumb|A movie theater in Australia ]]A movie theater, movie theatre, picture theatre or cinema is a venue [2] India accounts for 73% of movie admissions in the Asia-Pacific region, and earnings are currently estimated at US$8. 9 billion. The industry is mainly supported by the vast cinema-going Indian public. The Central Board of Film Certification of India cites on its website that every three months an audience as large as India's billion-strong population visits cinema halls. [3] Indian films are popular in various parts of the world, especially in countries with significant Indian communities.

Contents

The introduction of cinema in India

1896 - 1910

Hiralal Sen
Hiralal Sen

Cinema was introduced to India on July 7, 1896. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death Year 1896 ( MDCCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year It began with the Lumiere Brothers' Cinematography, unveiling six silent short films at the Watson's Hotel in Bombay, namely Entry of Cinematographe, The Sea Bath, Arrival of a Train, A Demolition, Ladies & Soldiers on Wheels and Leaving the Factory[1]. Watson's Hotel, currently known as the esplanade mansion is India's oldest surviving Cast iron building located in the Kala Ghoda district of Mumbai (Bombay Mumbai ( Marathi:,, IPA: formerly Bombay, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the financial The Times of India carried details of the "Living Photographic Pictures in Life-Size Reproductions by Mssrs. The Times of India ( TOI) is a leading English-language Broadsheet Daily newspaper in India. Lumiere Brotheres". In the same year, the Madras Photographic Store advertised "animated photographs". Daily screenings of films commenced in Bombay in 1897 by Clifton and Co. 's Meadows Street Photography Studio.

In 1898, Hiralal Sen started filming scenes of theatre productions at the Classic Theatre in Calcutta, inspired by Professor Stevenson (who had brought to India the country's first bioscope)'s, film presentation alongside the stage production of The Flower Of Persia; his debut was a contribution to this presentation. Hiralal Sen ( Bengali: হীরালাল সেন Hiralal Shen) (1866 – 1917 was a Bengali photographer generally considered one of India A Bioscope show was a Fairground attraction consisting of a travelling cinema. He continued making similar films to complement theatrical productions, which were shown as added attractions during intermission, in private screenings for high society households or taken to distant venues where the stage performers could not reach.

Lord and Lady Curzon on Elephant, Coronation Durbar, Delhi, 1903
Lord and Lady Curzon on Elephant, Coronation Durbar, Delhi, 1903

Harischandra Sakharam Bhatavdekar (H. S. Bhatavdekar) alias Save Dada, who had attended the show, imported a cine-camera from London at a price of 21 guineas and filmed the first Indian documentary, a wrestling match in Hanging Gardens, Bombay, in 1897. Harishchandra Sakharam Bhatavdekar (born March 15 1868) also known as Save dada sɑːveɪ ðɑːðɑː was the first Indian to make a Film London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Documentary film is a broad category of visual expression that is based on the attempt in one fashion or another to " Document " reality The Hanging Gardens Mumbai, in Mumbai, India also known as Ferozeshah Mehta Gardens, are terraced gardens perched at the top of Malabar Hill, on its western In 1901, he recorded the return from Cambridge of 'Wrangler' Ragunath P. Paranjpe, who had secured a distinction in mathematics from Cambridge University, and M M Bhownuggree, considered the first Indian news film. The city of Cambridge (ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒ is a university town and the administrative centre of the county of Cambridgeshire, England Sir Raghunath Purushottam Paranjpye (Paranjpe ( 16 February 1876 &ndash 6 May 1966) was the first Indian to achieve the coveted The University of Cambridge (often Cambridge University) located in Cambridge, England, is the second-oldest university in the [2][3]. He also filmed Lord Curzon (the Viceroy of India)'s Delhi Durbar that marked the enthronement of Edward VII in 1903. George Nathaniel Curzon 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston, KG, GCSI, GCIE, PC ( 11 January 1859 &ndash 20 March The Delhi Durbar, meaning " Court of Delhi " was a mass assembly at Delhi India to commemorate the Coronation of a King

The commercial potential of cinema was also tested during the time. F. B. Thanewala's "Grand Kinetoscope Newsreels" is one successful case. J.F. Madan was another highly successful film producer, who released hit films like Bilwamangal; also, he launched Madan Theatres Limited, which became India's largest film production-distribution-exhibition company and the biggest importer of American films after World War I. Jamshedji Framji Madan (1856–1923 born in a Parsi family in Bombay, was one of the pioneers of the Indian film industry. Billwamangal (bilamaŋal Bengali: বিল্লমঙ্গল is a 1919 Bengali Black & White, 10 Reel, 35mm Madan Theatre Company, also known as Madan Theatres Limited or in short Madan Theatres was a film production company founded by Jamshedji Framji Madan, His films were marked by a high degree of technical sophistication, facilitated by his employment of experienced foreign directors like Eugenio De Liguoro and Camille Legrand. This expertise was complemented by grand sets and popular mythological storylines which ensured good returns.

Cinema houses were set up in major Indian cities in this period, like one in Madras (in 1900 by Major Warrick), the Novelty Cinema in Bombay (where newsreels from the Boer Wars were shown) and the Elphinstone Picture Palace in Calcutta (set up by J. F. Madan in 1907). Apart from these, a number of film shows were arranged in tents; examples are: shows arranged by two Italians, Colorello and Cornaglia, in tents at the Azad Maidan (Bombay), J. Azad Maidan is a trangular-shaped Maidan (sports ground in South Mumbai, India. Mumbai ( Marathi:,, IPA: formerly Bombay, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the financial F. Madan's tent cinema at the Calcutta Maidan. For other uses see Maidan The Maidan (literally open field is the largest urban park in Kolkata in the Indian Another popular mode of broadcasting films was the touring cinema. In 1904, Manek Sethna started the Touring Cinema Co. in Bombay and a year later, Swamikannu Vincent, a draughtsman for the railways set up a touring cinema going around small towns and villages in the South of India. Pathe, the famous film production company set up an Indian Office in 1907. This article deals with the Pathé movie company For their music business see Pathé Records.

1910-1920

A scene from Raja Harishchandra
A scene from Raja Harishchandra

The first feature film made in India was a narrative named Pundalik, by N. Raja Harishchandra (राजा हरिश्चंद्र is a 1913 silent Indian film directed and produced by Dadasaheb Phalke, and G. Chitre and R.G. Torney. Ram Chandra Gopal "Dadasaheb" Torne रामचंद्र गोपाळ "दादासाहेब" तोरणे ( 13 April 1890 The first full-length Indian feature film was Raja Harishchandra (3700 feet as compared to 1500 for Pundalik), made in 1913 and released commercially in May that year, by Dadasaheb Phalke. Raja Harishchandra (राजा हरिश्चंद्र is a 1913 silent Indian film directed and produced by Dadasaheb Phalke, and Dhundiraj Govind Phalke, popularly known as Dadasaheb Phalke (Marathi दादासाहेब फाळके ( April 30, 1870 - February 16 Phalke had attended a screening of The Life of Christ at P. B. Mehta's American-Indian Cinema and was inspired to make films himself. He was convinced of the possibility of establishing an indigenous film industry by focusing on Indian themes. In this regard, he said Like the life of Christ, we shall make pictures on Rama and Krishna. The film was about an honest king who for the sake of his principles sacrifices his kingdom and family before the gods, who are impressed with his honesty and restore him to his former glory. The film was a success, and Phalke went on to make more mythological films till the advent of talkies, and commercialization of Indian films lessened his popularity. [4].

In 1916, Universal Pictures set up Hollywood's first Indian agency (see Hollywood meets India, below). Universal Studios (sometimes called Universal Pictures or Universal City Studios) a subsidiary of NBC Universal, is a major Global American The first South Indian feature was Rangaswamy Nataraja Mudaliar's Keechaka Vadham, released in 1918. [4] The following year, he made the film Draupadi Vastrapaharanam, featuring Anglo-Indian actress Marian Hill who played the role of Draupadi. Anglo-Indians are people who have mixed Indian and British ancestry and the term is sometimes used in the West. [5]

1930s & 40s

Regional film industries

A cinema hall in Delhi
A cinema hall in Delhi

India is a large country where many languages are spoken. Delhi (दिल्ली ਦਿੱਲੀ دلی d̪ɪlːiː sometimes referred to as Dilli) is the second largest metropolis of India, with a population According to the 1991 Census of India there are about 10,400 'raw mother tongues' in India. If closely related and mutually comprehensible dialects are grouped, the number can be reduced to 1576 ‘rationalised’ mother tongues, or with even more consolidation, 114 main languages. These 114 languages are the ones surveyed in the Indian census. [6] Indian film producers have made films in thirty of the largest languages. However, only the very largest language groups support major regional industries. These are: Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Bengali, Marathi, Kannada, Odiya, Malayalam. Hindi ( Devanāgarī: hi [[wiktहिन्दी हिन्दी]] or hi [[wiktहिंदी हिंदी]] IAST:, IPA:) is Tamil (ta தமிழ்; t̪əmɨɻ is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Tamil people of the Indian subcontinent. Marathi (mr मराठी Marāṭhī) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Marathi people of what is considered western India. Kannada (kn [[wiktಕನ್ನಡ ಕನ್ನಡ]] Kannaḍa) is one of the major Dravidian languages of India, spoken predominantly in the state Oriya (ଓଡ଼ିଆ oṛiā) is one of the Indian Languages mainly spoken in the Indian state of Orissa. Not to be confused with the Malay language. Malayalam (മലയാളം malayāḷaṁ) is a Dravidian language used Official statistics categorise Indian films according to the languages in which they are distributed.

There is a great deal of mobility between the regional industries. Many workers in other regional industries, once their talent and popularity is established, move on to work in other film industries, nationally as well as internationally. For example, A. R. Rahman, one of the best known film music composers in Indian cinema, started his career in Tamil cinema in Chennai but has since worked in Bollywood, London, and New York. Allah Rakkhha Rahman (ஏஆர்ரஹ்மான் born on January 6 1966 as A Tamil cinema or Kollywood ( Tamil: கோலிவுட் kōlivūṭ) is the English name of the popular Tamil Film Industry based in the London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Similarly, films that succeed in one language are often remade or dubbed in others. Films like Padosan and Roja, for example, were re-made or dubbed from their original Bengali and Tamil versions respectively, into Hindi. Padosan ( Hindi: पड़ोसन Urdu: پڑوسن is a 1968 Indian Hindi film for the town in Mozambique see Roja Mozambique Roja ( 1992) is a Tamil Film directed by Mani Tamil (ta தமிழ்; t̪əmɨɻ is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Tamil people of the Indian subcontinent. Hindi ( Devanāgarī: hi [[wiktहिन्दी हिन्दी]] or hi [[wiktहिंदी हिंदी]] IAST:, IPA:) is

Bhojpuri (Purvanchal) film industry

Bhojpuri dialects, varieties, and creoles are also spoken in various parts of the world, including Brazil, Fiji, Guyana, Mauritius, South Africa, Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago. During the late 1800s and early 1900s, many colonizers had faced labor shortages and were unable to obtain slaves from Africa due to the abolition of slavery; thus, they imported many Indians as indentured servants to labor on plantations. Today, many Indians in the West Indies, Oceania, and South America still speak Bhojpuri as a native or second language.

The Bengali (Bangla) film industry

Main article: Bengali cinema
Satyajit Ray
Satyajit Ray
Chokher Bali
Chokher Bali

The history of cinema in Bengal dates back to the 1890s, when the first "bioscopes" were shown in theatres in Calcutta. The history of cinema in Bengal dates back to the 1890s when the first " Bioscopes quot were shown in theatres in Calcutta. Satyajit Ray (সত্যজিত রায় or সত্যজিৎ রায়) (2 May 1921–23 April 1992 was a Bengali Indian Filmmaker. Chokher Bali (literally translated to "sand in the eye" figuratively to "constant irritant" (চোখের বালি is a Bengali Etymology and ethnology The exact origin of the word Bangla or Bengal is unknown though it is believed to be derived from the Dravidian-speaking tribe Bang A Bioscope show was a Fairground attraction consisting of a travelling cinema. Within a decade, the first seeds of the industry was sown by Hiralal Sen, considered a stalwart of Victorian era cinema when he set up the Royal Bioscope Company, producing scenes from the stage productions of a number of popular shows at the Star Theatre, Minerva Theatre, Classic Theatre. Hiralal Sen ( Bengali: হীরালাল সেন Hiralal Shen) (1866 – 1917 was a Bengali photographer generally considered one of India Culture The Victorian fascination with novelty resulted in a deep interest in the relationship between modernity and cultural continuities The Royal Bioscope Company was the first Film production company in Bengal and possibly the first in India, set up in 1898 by Hiralal Sen, along with Star Theatre (also known as Demolishing and Building Up the Star Theatre) is a 1901 short Documentary film in which time-lapse photography is used to show Following a long gap after Sen's works, Dhirendra Nath Ganguly (Known as D. Dhirendra Nath Ganguly ( Bengali: ধীরেন্দ্রনাথ গাঙ্গুলী (26 March 1893 - 18 November 1978 better known as Dhiren Ganguly G) established Indo British Film Co, the first Bengali owned production company, in 1918. The Indo British Film Co was a Film production company set up by Dhirendra Nath Ganguly in 1918 However, the first Bengali Feature film, Billwamangal, was produced in 1919, under the banner of Madan Theatre. Billwamangal (bilamaŋal Bengali: বিল্লমঙ্গল is a 1919 Bengali Black & White, 10 Reel, 35mm Madan Theatre Company, also known as Madan Theatres Limited or in short Madan Theatres was a film production company founded by Jamshedji Framji Madan, Bilat Ferat was the IBFC's first production in 1921. Bilat Ferat is a 1921 Bengali silent film directed by NC Lahiri and produced by Dhirendra Nath Ganguly. The Madan Theatres production of Jamai Shashthi was the first Bengali talkie. Madan Theatre Company, also known as Madan Theatres Limited or in short Madan Theatres was a film production company founded by Jamshedji Framji Madan, Jamai Shashthi (জামাই ষষ্ঠী is a 1931 Bengali film directed by Amar Chaudhury produced by Madan Theatre Limited. [13] A long history has been traversed since then, with stalwarts such as Satyajit Ray, Mrinal Sen and Ritwik Ghatak and others having earned international acclaim and securing their place in the movie history. Satyajit Ray (সত্যজিত রায় or সত্যজিৎ রায়) (2 May 1921–23 April 1992 was a Bengali Indian Filmmaker. Mrinal Sen (মৃনাল েসন also spelled Mrinal Shen) is a famous Bengali Indian filmmaker Ritwik Ghatak (ঋত্বিক (কুমার ঘটক Rittik (Kumar Ghôţok) ( November 4 1925 February 6 1976) was a Today, there are two Bengali film industries, one in Kolkata (Calcutta), India and the lesser known one in Dhaka, Bangladesh (called Dhallywood). India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Dhaka (also known as Dacca ( Bangla: ঢাকা ɖʱaka is the Capital of Bangladesh and the principal city of Dhaka District. ( Bengali: বাংলাদেশ inc-Latn Bangladesh) officially The Bangladeshi film industry, popularly known as Dallywood (a Portmanteau of the words Dhaka and Hollywood) has The film industry based in Kolkata is sometimes referred to as Tollywood, a portmanteau of the words Tollygunge, the area of South Kolkata where this industry is based, and Hollywood. Tollygunge is a suburban locality of South Kolkata. It is flanked by the Eastern Railway south suburban line to the north Lake Gardens and Golf Green in the east The Bengali film industry has long centred in the Tollygunge district of Kolkata (Calcutta). The history of cinema in Bengal dates back to the 1890s when the first " Bioscopes quot were shown in theatres in Calcutta. Tollygunge is a suburban locality of South Kolkata. It is flanked by the Eastern Railway south suburban line to the north Lake Gardens and Golf Green in the east Its most famous film director is Satyajit Ray, who won an Oscar for lifetime achievement in cinema. Satyajit Ray (সত্যজিত রায় or সত্যজিৎ রায়) (2 May 1921–23 April 1992 was a Bengali Indian Filmmaker. "The Oscar" redirects here for the film see The Oscar (film. However, Bengali films have always remained the hot favourites among the National Film Awards jury almost every year since its inception. The National Film Awards is the most prestigious film award ceremony in India, and the country's oldest award ceremony alongside the Filmfare Awards. Some of the most popular Bengali film personalities include Kishore Kumar, Mithun Chakraborty, Uttam Kumar, Soumitra Chatterjee, and recently Proshenjit. Kishore Kumar ( Hindi: किशोर कुमार ( August 4, 1929 &ndash October 13, 1987) was an Indian film Mithun Chakraborty (মিঠুন চক্রবর্তী ''Miṭhun Chôkroborti'', Hindi: मिथुन चक्रवर्ती (born Gouranga Uttam Kumar ( Bangla: উত্তম কুমার) ( 3 September 1926 - 24 July 1980) born as Arun Kumar Chatterjee Soumitra Chatterjee (সৌমিত্র চট্টোপাধ্যায় Shoumitro Chôţţopaddhae) (born January 19, 1935) is a Bengali Prasenjit Chatterjee (প্রসেনজিৎ চট্টপাধ্যায় ''Proshenjit Chôṭṭopaddhae'')( Born: September 30, 1962 Some of the other Bengalis who have made it big are Ashok Kumar, Bimal Roy, Mrinal Sen, Ritwik Ghatak, Aparna Sen, Suchitra Sen, Hemanta Mukherjee (Hemanth Kumar), Manna Dey, Sandhya Mukhopadhyay, and Rituparno Ghosh. Sanjay Ashok Kumar ( Hindi: अशोक कुमार Urdu: اَشوک کُمار ( October 13, 1911 &ndash December 10, Bimal Roy (বিমল রায় ( July 12, 1909 &ndash January 7, 1966) was one of the most accalimed Hindi Mrinal Sen (মৃনাল েসন also spelled Mrinal Shen) is a famous Bengali Indian filmmaker Ritwik Ghatak (ঋত্বিক (কুমার ঘটক Rittik (Kumar Ghôţok) ( November 4 1925 February 6 1976) was a Suchitra Sen ( April 6 1929) or April 6, 1931[http //wwwtripurainfo Hemanta Kumar Mukhopadhyay ( Bangla: হেমন্ত কুমার মুখোপাধ্যায় Hemonto Kumar Mukhopaddhae) also known as Hemanta Prabodh Chandra Dey (born May 1, 1920) better known by his nickname Manna Dey (মান্না দে Manna De is one of the greatest playback singers Sandhya Mukhopadhyay ( Bengali: সন্ধ্যা মুখোপাধ্যায় (1931-is a famous Indian singer and musician specialising in Bengali Rituparno Ghosh ( Bangla: ঋতুপর্ণ ঘোষ Ritupôrno Ghosh) is a young Bengali Film director whose work has met with considerable

List of Bengali films

The Hindi film industry (Bollywood)

Main article: Bollywood

The Hindi film industry, based in Mumbai (formerly Bombay), is the largest branch of Indian cinema. List of films produced in Bengali cinema in the Bengali language. Bollywood (बॉलीवूड بالی وڈ is the informal term popularly used for the Mumbai -based Hindi-language Film industry in India Mumbai ( Marathi:,, IPA: formerly Bombay, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the financial Hindi film Industry is often called 'Bollywood' (a melding of Hollywood and Bombay). Bollywood (बॉलीवूड بالی وڈ is the informal term popularly used for the Mumbai -based Hindi-language Film industry in India The word "Bollywood" is sometimes applied to Indian cinema as a whole, especially outside South Asia and the South Asian diaspora, but this usage is incorrect. Bollywood has been recently greatly criticized for what critics see as a violation of Indian cultural values and its discussion of controversial topics. Bollywood (बॉलीवूड بالی وڈ is the informal term popularly used for the Mumbai -based Hindi-language Film industry in India It is considered the most liberal out of the Indian language film industries.

Regional movies are distinctively different from Bollywood (Hindi) movies, as the stories and themes of these movies portray the culture of the region from which they originate, while most Bollywood movies nowadays are greatly influenced by Western culture.

Although Bollywood does not distribute a lot of films, it can be considered to be largest in terms of viewers. Bollywood (बॉलीवूड بالی وڈ is the informal term popularly used for the Mumbai -based Hindi-language Film industry in India It is believed that Bollywood movies are watched by majority of the Indian movie goers. It also has international recognition, especially in Western countries such as the UK, USA, Canada, and Australia where there is a large South Asian community. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics.

The Kannada film industry

Main article: Cinema of Karnataka

The Kannada film industry, based in Karnataka, is sometimes called 'Sandalwood', as Karnataka is known for its abundant sandalwood forests; however, this term does not seem to be in widespread use. The Cinema of Karnataka, sometimes colloquially referred to as Sandalwood encompasses movies made in the Indian state of Karnataka. The Cinema of Karnataka, sometimes colloquially referred to as Sandalwood encompasses movies made in the Indian state of Karnataka. Karnataka (ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ pronounced) is a state in the southern part of India Karnataka (ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ pronounced) is a state in the southern part of India for the film industry in India see Cinema of Karnataka Sandalwood is the name for several fragrant Woods and their Essential The Gubbi Veeranna Company, or Veeranna's Sri Chennabasaveshwara Krupa Poshita Nataka Sangha[7] and other groups established themselves first as theatre troupes, and later went on to dominate kannada cinema into the 1960s. Gubbi Veeranna (ಗುಬ್ಬಿ ವೀರಣ್ಣ was an Indian Theatre director, one of the pioneers and most prolific contributors to Kannada "They provided all its key directors like H. L. N . Simha, B. R. Panthulu and G. V. Iyer, its stars led by Rajkumar and Leelavathi and most of its early commercial hits: Bedara Kannappa (1953), for instance. This page relates to the Kannada actor Dr Rajkumar for other uses of the name see Raj Kumar. The first big success in Kannada cinema adapted a Gubbi Company stage play written by G. The Cinema of Karnataka, sometimes colloquially referred to as Sandalwood encompasses movies made in the Indian state of Karnataka. V. Iyer to introduce the mythological adventure movie into that language. "[14]. Kannada films has become very popular after the recent hits like Jogi (2005) & Mungaru Male (2007). Jogi ( Kannada: ಜೋಗಿ is a Kannada-language movie directed by Prem and released on August 22 2005 Mungaru Male (ಮುಂಗಾರು ಮಳೆ (literal translation - Monsoon Rain Southwest Monsoon in terms of Meteorology) is a

The Kashmiri film industry

The Kashmiri film industry, which had been lying dormant since the release of Habba Khatoon in 1967, was revived after a 39-year hiatus with the release of Akh Daleel Loolech in 2006. This article is about the geographical region of greater Kashmir However critics dispute this claim because this film was a small budget digital film which did not play in any film theatres except in a few private and film festival screening. Besides Akh Daleel Lolach uses a film style which is common on Kashmiri television and by those standards Kashmiri video makers were making films since early 1980s. Cinema halls had been shut down for a long time in Kashmir, by militants protesting against the New Delhi based Government. There are few cinema halls and a handful of directors have been returning to shoot in the region. Though the region was favoured by many producers as a scenic locale in pre-militancy era Bollywood movies as a romantic backdrop [8], the regional industry was not very strong, due to lack of finances and infrastructure. [9]

The Malayalam film industry

Main article: Malayalam cinema
Mohanlal, Suresh Gopi and Mammootty, the mainstays of the Malayalam film industry since early 1980s.
Mohanlal, Suresh Gopi and Mammootty, the mainstays of the Malayalam film industry since early 1980s. Malayalam cinema refers to Films made in the Indian state of Kerala in the Malayalam language. Mohanlal Vishwanathan Nair ( Malayalam: മോഹന്‍ലാല്‍ വിശ്വനാഥന്‍ നായര്‍ (born May 21, 1960 Suresh Gopi is an National Film Award -winning actor in Malayalam cinema who is famous for his roles in police dramas Mammootty (born Pannaparambil Muhammad Kutty on September 7, 1953) is an Award winning Malayalam film Actor

The Malayalam film industry is based in Kerala. Malayalam cinema refers to Films made in the Indian state of Kerala in the Malayalam language. Kerala ( Malayalam: {{Kerala in Malayalam}}; Malayalam movies are known for their artistic nature and they frequently figure in the national film awards. It is also currently known for being the most conservative out of the different film industries in India, despite the fact that it went through a liberal phase in the 80's. Notable personalities include the filmmakers Padmavibhushan Adoor Gopalakrishnan, Bharathan, G. Aravindan, Padmarajan and John Abraham, the scriptwriters M. T. Vasudevan Nair and Sreenivasan, the cinematographers Azhagappan, Santhosh Sivan and Shaji; the actors Padmashri Bharath Gopi, Tilakan, Nedumudi Venu, Padmabhushan Prem Nazeer, Satyan, Padmashri Mohanlal, Padmashri Mammootty, Padmashri Balachandra Menon, Padmashri Sukumari, Sheela, Urvasi; the playback singers, Padmabhushan K. J. Yesudas, Padmashri K. S. Chitra, P. The Padma Vibhushan is India 's second highest civilian honour Adoor Moutatthu Gopalakrishnan Unnithan (b Adoor, Pathanamthitta district, Kerala, India, July 3, 1941) is an internationally Govindan Aravindan (born January 21 1935 in Kottayam — died March 15 1991 in Trivandrum) who was popularly known as G P Padmarajan (പി പത്മരാജന്‍ 23 May 1945 – 24 January 1991) was a Malayalam Author, Script M T Vasudevan Nair, popularly known as MT is a renowned Malayalam author Screenplay writer and Film director. Sreenivasan is an acclaimed Actor, Screenwriter and director in Malayalam cinema, known for his Satirical black comedies Padma Shri (also spelt Padma Shree, Padmashree, Padma Sree and Padma Sri) is an award given by the Government of India generally V Gopinathan Nair (1937-2008 more popularly known as Bharath Gopi, is a Malayalam language film actor director and producer The Padma Bhushan award is an Indian civilian decoration established on January 2, 1954 by the President of India. Padma Shri (also spelt Padma Shree, Padmashree, Padma Sree and Padma Sri) is an award given by the Government of India generally Mohanlal Vishwanathan Nair ( Malayalam: മോഹന്‍ലാല്‍ വിശ്വനാഥന്‍ നായര്‍ (born May 21, 1960 Padma Shri (also spelt Padma Shree, Padmashree, Padma Sree and Padma Sri) is an award given by the Government of India generally Mammootty (born Pannaparambil Muhammad Kutty on September 7, 1953) is an Award winning Malayalam film Actor Padma Shri (also spelt Padma Shree, Padmashree, Padma Sree and Padma Sri) is an award given by the Government of India generally Padma Shri (also spelt Padma Shree, Padmashree, Padma Sree and Padma Sri) is an award given by the Government of India generally The Padma Bhushan award is an Indian civilian decoration established on January 2, 1954 by the President of India. Kattassery Joseph Yesudas, Malayalam കാട്ടശ്ശേരി ജോസഫ് യേശുദാസ്, (born January 10, 1940) is an Padma Shri (also spelt Padma Shree, Padmashree, Padma Sree and Padma Sri) is an award given by the Government of India generally K S Chithra, credited as Chitra, is a six time National film awards winning singer who has made her mark in the Indian (film playback industry Jayachandran, M. G. Sreekumar and Sujatha.

The first 3D film which produced in India was in Malayalam. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Malayalam cinema refers to Films made in the Indian state of Kerala in the Malayalam language. Its name was My Dear Kuttichatthan produced by Navodaya Productions. Padayottam, the first fully indigenous 70 mm film with all its work done in India was in Malayalam which was also produced by Navodaya. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Malayalam cinema refers to Films made in the Indian state of Kerala in the Malayalam language. The first Cinemascope film in the world was produced in Malayalam. Chemmeen was the first film which earned a gold medal from the President from South India. Mohanlal's "Guru", directed by Rajiv Anchal, is the only Malayalam film proposed as the Indian entry by the Indian Film Industry council for Oscar Award so far. Mohanlal Vishwanathan Nair ( Malayalam: മോഹന്‍ലാല്‍ വിശ്വനാഥന്‍ നായര്‍ (born May 21, 1960

The Marathi Film Industry

Main article: Marathi cinema

Marathi Film Industry, one of the oldest film industries in India, originated in Nasik, and developed in Kolhapur and Pune. Marathi cinema (मराठी चित्रपट is one of the oldest in regional Indian films industry In recent years, it has moved mostly to Mumbai (Bombay), Maharashtra. Mumbai ( Marathi:,, IPA: formerly Bombay, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the financial Maharashtra ( Marathi: mahārāṣṭra, IPA) is a state located on the western coast of India.

Dadasaheb Phalke, recognized as the father of Indian cinema, was a pioneer of movies in Marathi. Dhundiraj Govind Phalke, popularly known as Dadasaheb Phalke (Marathi दादासाहेब फाळके ( April 30, 1870 - February 16 Marathi (mr मराठी Marāṭhī) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Marathi people of what is considered western India. He produced the first Indian silent movie, and later some Marathi talkies. In his honor, a much coveted "Dadasaheb Phalke Award" is given annually for exceptional contribution to Indian cinema.

1940s and '50s formed the classical era of Marathi cinema, mainly because of some hallmark productions by the now extinct "Prabhat Film Company" in Kolhapur. As an offshoot of Prabhat, V. Shantaram founded "Rajkamal Studios" in Pune, and produced some excellent Marathi movies in the late 1950s and early '60s. V Shantaram, renowned Indian producer-director-actor most known for his films like Dr

Because of the rise of Hindi movies in Bollywood, Marathi film industry underwent a decline in the 1980s and '90s. But recently it has been reviving with some quality movies like "Shwaas" (which earned an official Indian entry for an Oscar award in 2004), "Pak Pak Pakaak" (which won Swarovski Trophy in AFFF, Singapore, in 2005),"Sane Guruji", "Uttarayan", "Aga Bai, Arecchaa", "Shubhamangal Saavdhaan", "Dombivali Fast", "Devrai", "Anaahat", "Kadachit", "Valu", "Tingya" and "Saatchya Aaat Gharaat".

Bhalji Pendharkar, Baburao Painter, V. Shantaram, Dada Kondke, Raja Paranjpe, Mahesh Kothare, Smita Talwalkar, Sumitra Bhave, Sunil Sukthankar, Sandeep Kashyap, Gajendra Ahire, Jabbar Patel, Amol Palekar, Chandrakant Kulkarni, Bipin Nadkarni, Sandeep Swant, Mangesh Hadawale and Kedar Shinde are some of the notable directors and producers in Marathi cinema in the past few decades. Krishna Kondke,( August 8, 1932 - March 14, 1998) popularly known as Dada Kondke was a Marathi actor and film producer

Modern Marathi actors include Dilip Prabhavalkar, Bharat Jadhav, Sonali Kulkarni, Sadashiv Amrapurkar, Ashwini Bhave, Amruta Subhash, Atul Kulkarni and Sanjay Narvekar. Dilip Prabhavalkar is an Indian Marathi film and television actor

While some old Marathi movie songs remain popular, new composers like Ajay-Atul have been producing some very popular songs. Some of the old songs have also been remixed.

The Tamil film industry (Kollywood)

Main article: Tamil Cinema
Sivaji: The Boss
Sivaji: The Boss

The Tamil film industry (Kollywood) is based in the Kodambakkam area of Chennai. Tamil cinema or Kollywood ( Tamil: கோலிவுட் kōlivūṭ) is the English name of the popular Tamil Film Industry based in the Sivaji (சிவாஜி is a 2007 Tamil film, which was directed by S Tamil cinema or Kollywood ( Tamil: கோலிவுட் kōlivūṭ) is the English name of the popular Tamil Film Industry based in the Tamil cinema or Kollywood ( Tamil: கோலிவுட் kōlivūṭ) is the English name of the popular Tamil Film Industry based in the Kodambakkam ( Tamil:) is a locality in Chennai, India. Traditionally Kodambakkam has been synonymous with the Tamil film industry and is known for Tamil films have enjoyed consistent popularity among Tamil speakers in India, Sri Lanka, Singapore, Malaysia and Mauritius. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ( Sinhalese:, இலங்கை known as Ceylon before 1972 is an Island Singapore For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and Mauritius (pronounced məˈrɪʃəs L’île Maurice /il mɔ'ʁis/ Mauritian Creole: Maurice) officially the Republic of Mauritius, République Tamil films also receive fame in countries which contain Tamil immigrant communities such as the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, and other European countries. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page

Several technicians have crossed industries to encapture National fame such as Bharathiraja, Selvaraghavan, A. R. Rahman, Shankar, Ravi K. Chandran and Jeeva. Bharathiraja (born 17 July, 1941 in Alli Nagaram, Theni district, Tamil Nadu) is a critically acclaimed South Indian filmmaker Selvaraghavan is a Film director from South India. Biography He is the son of film director Kastoori Raja. Allah Rakkhha Rahman (ஏஆர்ரஹ்மான் born on January 6 1966 as A S Shankar (born August 17, 1963) is a popular Film director, Film producer and Screenwriter from Kumbakonam, Ravi K Chandran (born Maduranthakam, Tamil Nadu, India) is a Cinematographer, educated at the A Jeeva ( September 21, 1963 &ndash June 25, 2007) was a popular film cinematographer and director in Kollywood, the Chennai However unlike the technical counterparts, artistes from South India tend to fail to break into Bollywood, with only a handful breaking through, them being: Kamal Haasan, Sridevi, Vijay and Asin Thottumkal. South India is the area encompassing India 's states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu as well as the union Kamal Haasan (born November 7, 1954 in Paramakudi, India is an Indian Film actor and director, considered among Sridevi ( Tamil:ஸ்ரீதேவி Hindi:श्रीदेवी born on August 13, 1963, is an Indian actress Asin Thottumkal (അസിന്‍ തോട്ടുങ്കല് (born October 26, 1985. Ironically, several Bollywood actresses made their débuts in Kollywood, with Aishwarya Rai appearing in Iruvar, Priyanka Chopra in Thamizhan, Lara Dutta in Arasatchi and Sushmita Sen in Ratchagan. Aishwarya Rai-Bachchan or Aishwarya Bachchan (Birthname Aishwarya Rai; Tulu: ಐಶ್ವರ್ಯಾ ರೈ born 1 November 1973 is an internationally Iruvar ( The Duo) ( 1997) is a Tamil language film directed by Mani Ratnam, with music composed by A Priyanka Chopra ( Hindi: प्रियंका चोपड़ा born July 18, 1982) is an Indian film actress and former Thamizhan ( English: Tamilian) ( 2002) is a Tamil Film directed by Majeed Lara Dutta (born April 16 1978) is an Indian actress, UNFPA Goodwill Ambassador and the 2000 Miss Universe. Sushmita Sen ( Shushmita Sen, Hindi, सुष्मिता सेन Suśmitā Sen was born on November 19, 1975 in Kolkata West Bengal Ratchagan is a record breaking trendsetting blockbuster Tamil movie starring Nagarjuna and Sushmita Sen in the lead role and also stars Furthermore, several actresses have done Tamil films while struggling to breakthrough in Bollywood, such as Kajol and her sister, Tanisha as well as Amisha Patel. Kajol Devgan, Née Mukherjee ( Bengali: কাজল দেবগন Kajol Debgôn, Hindi: काजोल देवगन born Tanisha Mukherjee (তানিশা মুখার্জি (born 1 January 1978 in Mumbai, India) known as Tanisha, Amisha Patel (अमीषा पटेल (born June 9, 1976, also known as Ameesha Patel) is an Indian Bollywood actress

In the Tamil film industry, directors such as Mahendran, Shankar, Bala, Bharathiraja, Balu Mahendra, and Mani Ratnam have achieved box-office success whilst producing films that have balanced art and popular elements. J Mahendran (born Alexander is legendary director in Kollywood. S Shankar (born August 17, 1963) is a popular Film director, Film producer and Screenwriter from Kumbakonam, Bharathiraja (born 17 July, 1941 in Alli Nagaram, Theni district, Tamil Nadu) is a critically acclaimed South Indian filmmaker Balu Mahendra is a film director from South India. He was born in Eealam of Eealam Tamil descent as Benjamin Mahendra in Mattakkalappu, and developed Mani Ratnam (மணி ரத்னம் (born June 2, 1956 in Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India) is a critically acclaimed South The Tamil film industry accounts for approximately 1% of the gross domestic product of the state of Tamil Nadu. Costs of production have grown exponentially from just under Rs. 4 million in 1980 to over Rs. 110 million by 2005 for a typical star-studded big-budget film. Similarly, costs of processing per print have risen from just under Rs. 2,500 in 1980 to nearly Rs. 70,000 by 2005. There has been a growing presence of English in dialogue and songs as well. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States It is not uncommon to see movies that feature dialogue studded with English words and phrases, or even whole sentences. Some movies are also simultaneously released in two or three regional languages (either using subtitles or several soundtracks). Contemporary Tamil movies often feature Madras Bashai, a colloquial version of Tamil spoken in Madras. Madras Tamil or Madras bashai (மெட்ராஸ் A select few, Iruvar and older films based on epics, for instance, employ literary Tamil extensively in dialogues when the situation calls for it. Iruvar ( The Duo) ( 1997) is a Tamil language film directed by Mani Ratnam, with music composed by A Many Tamil films are also dubbed into Telugu and Hindi and released in their respective states. Hindi ( Devanāgarī: hi [[wiktहिन्दी हिन्दी]] or hi [[wiktहिंदी हिंदी]] IAST:, IPA:) is

The Telugu film industry (Tollywood)

A still from Bhakta Prahlad (1931)
A still from Bhakta Prahlad (1931)
Main article: Telugu Cinema

The Telugu film industry is based in Andhra Pradesh's capital city, Hyderabad. Telugu Cinema (Telugu తెలుగు సినీపరిశ్రమ refers to the cinema in Telugu language, sometimes referred as Tollywood, a The state also has what is claimed to be the largest film studio in the world, Ramoji Film City. The first studio for Telugu talkies was Vel Pictures, constructed in 1934 by P. V. Das, located at Madras. The first film made here was Sita Kalyanam. The first film made by a Telugu person, R. S. Prakash, was Bhishma Pratigna (The Pledge of Bhishma, 1922). Bhishma: One of the strongest characters of the Mahabharata. He was the great-uncle of both the Pandavas and the Kauravas A unparalleled archer he once Another important Telugu personality of this era was Y. V. Rao (1903-1973), an actor and director, whose silent film (directing) credits include Pandava Nirvana (1930), Pandava Agnathavaas (1930) and Hari Maya (1932). The first big movies in Telugu were made by the Surabhi Theatres troupes. [14]. They produced the first Telugu talkie, Bhakta Prahlada, directed by Hanumappa Munioappa Reddy in 1931. In the first few years of Telugu talkies, films were all mythological stories, taken from the stage. In 1936, Krittiventi Nageswara Rao made the first Telugu film not based on mythology, Premavijayam. The film influenced other Telugu film-makers into making such films. Some popular themes of these films (often called 'social' films) were the feudal zamindari system (Raitu Bidda, 1939), untouchability (Maala pilla, 1938), and widow remarriage[10]. Zamindar ( Devanagari: ज़मींदार zamīndār, Urdu: زمیندار zamīndār, Eastern Nagari: জমিদার Since then, there have been both social (contemporary) and mythological or folk stories in Telugu cinema.

Successful Telugu films are also remade and dubbed in other languages like Tamil, Malayalam and Kannada and are released in respective states.

Art cinema in India

Main article: Parallel Cinema

In addition to commercial cinema, there is also Indian cinema that aspires to seriousness or art. Parallel Cinema also known as Art films or New Wave Cinema is a specific genre of Indian cinema which is known for its serious content realism and This is known to film critics as "New Indian Cinema" or sometimes "the Indian New Wave", but most people in India simply call such films "art films". These films deal with a wide range of subjects but many are in general explorations of complex human circumstances and relationships within an Indian setting.

From the 1960s through the 1980s, art films were subsidised by Indian governments: aspiring directors could get federal or state government grants to produce non-commercial films on Indian themes. Many of these directors were graduates of the government-supported Film and Television Institute of India. Film and Television Institute of India ( FTII) is an autonomous Institute under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt Their films were showcased at government film festivals and on the government-run TV station, Doordarshan. Doordarshan (दूरदर्शन literally Tele-Vision) is the public television broadcaster of India and a division of Prasar Bharati, a public These films also had limited runs in art house theatres in India and overseas. Since the 1980s, Indian art cinema has to a great extent lost its government patronage. Today, it must be made as independent films on a shoestring budget by aspiring auteurs, much as in today's Western film industry. An independent film, or indie film, is a film that is produced outside of the Hollywood Studio system, a series of oligopolistic practices by several

The art directors of this period owed more to foreign influences, such as Italian neorealism or the French New Wave, than they did to the genre conventions of commercial Indian cinema. Italian neorealism is a style of film characterized by stories set amongst the poor and Working class, filmed on location frequently using nonprofessional Actors "Nouvelle Vague" redirects here For the music group of the same name see Nouvelle Vague (band. The best known New Cinema directors were Bengali: Satyajit Ray, Mrinal Sen, Ritwik Ghatak, and Bimal Roy. Satyajit Ray (সত্যজিত রায় or সত্যজিৎ রায়) (2 May 1921–23 April 1992 was a Bengali Indian Filmmaker. Mrinal Sen (মৃনাল েসন also spelled Mrinal Shen) is a famous Bengali Indian filmmaker Ritwik Ghatak (ঋত্বিক (কুমার ঘটক Rittik (Kumar Ghôţok) ( November 4 1925 February 6 1976) was a Bimal Roy (বিমল রায় ( July 12, 1909 &ndash January 7, 1966) was one of the most accalimed Hindi Some well-known films of this movement include the Apu Trilogy by Ray , the Calcutta Trilogy of Sen, Meghe Dhaka Tara by Ghatak (all in Bengali) and Do Bigha Zameen by Roy (Hindi). The Apu trilogy is a series of three movies directed by Satyajit Ray: Pather Panchali ( Song Of The Little Road) Aparajito Meghe Dhaka Tara (মেঘ ঢাকা তারা (The Cloud-Capped Star is a 1960 film by director Ritwik Ghatak. Do Bigha Zamin (Two Acres of Land is 1953 Bollywood film directed by Bengali director Bimal Roy and star Balraj Sahni Of these film-makers, Satyajit Ray was arguably the most well-known: his films obtained considerable international recognition during the mid-twentieth century. He was awarded an Oscar for life time achievement in 1992. His prestige, however, did not translate into large-scale commercial success. His films played primarily to art-house audiences (students and intelligentsia) in the larger Indian cities, or to film buffs on the international art-house circuit in India and abroad. Like him, Mrinal Sen who has primarily been a political film director and has received international acclaim, is not well known for commercial success, with the lone exception being Bhuvan Shome, which ushered the New Indian Cinema. Bhuvan Shome is a 1969 Hindi film directed by Mrinal Sen. The cast includes Utpal Dutta (Mr Bhuvan Shome and Suhasini Mulay

Noteworthy Indian Art Cinema women filmmakers from the diaspora include Shashwati Talukdar, Nandini Sikand, Sonali Gulati, Prema Karanth, Nisha Ganatra, Eisha Marjara, Pratibha Parmar, Liggy Pullappally, and Shanti Thakur. Sonali Gulati is an award-winning Filmmaker and an Assistant Professor in Virginia Commonwealth University ’s Department of Photography & Film Prema Karanth ( August 15, 1936 - October 29, 2007) was a well known theatre personality and the first-ever woman film-maker of Kannada

Art cinema was also well-supported in the South Indian state of Kerala. Kerala ( Malayalam: {{Kerala in Malayalam}}; Some outstanding Malayalam movie makers are Adoor Gopalakrishnan, G. Aravindan, T. V. Chandran, Shaji N. Karun, and M. T. Vasudevan Nair. Not to be confused with the Malay language. Malayalam (മലയാളം malayāḷaṁ) is a Dravidian language used Adoor Moutatthu Gopalakrishnan Unnithan (b Adoor, Pathanamthitta district, Kerala, India, July 3, 1941) is an internationally Govindan Aravindan (born January 21 1935 in Kottayam — died March 15 1991 in Trivandrum) who was popularly known as G T V Chandran is an Indian Keralite Filmmaker. Almost all his films have references to history and undertones of politics and Feminism. Shaji N Karun is a National award winning Malayalam film director. M T Vasudevan Nair, popularly known as MT is a renowned Malayalam author Screenplay writer and Film director. Some of their films include National Film Award-winning Elippathayam, Piravi (which won the Camera d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival), Vaanaprastham and Nizhalkkuthu (a FIPRESCI-Prize winner). The National Film Awards is the most prestigious film award ceremony in India, and the country's oldest award ceremony alongside the Filmfare Awards. Elippathayam ( The Rat Trap) ( 1981) is a Feature film written and directed by Adoor Gopalakrishnan. Piravi ( The Birth) ( 1988) is an award-winning Feature film directed by Shaji N The Cannes Film Festival (le Festival de Cannes founded in 1946 is one of the world's oldest most influential and prestigious Film festivals alongside Venice, Vaanaprastham (The Last Dance ( 1999) is an Indo - French - German produced feature Film, directed by Nizhalkuthu ( English language: Shadow Kill; French language: Le Serviteur de Kali) is a 2002 Indian Film directed FIPRESCI (short for Fédération Internationale de la Presse Cinématographique) in English known as International Federation of Film Critics, is an association

Starting in the 1970s, Kannada film makers from Karnataka state produced a string of serious, low-budget films. The Cinema of Karnataka, sometimes colloquially referred to as Sandalwood encompasses movies made in the Indian state of Karnataka. Karnataka (ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ pronounced) is a state in the southern part of India Girish Kasaravalli is one of the few directors from that period who continues to make non-commercial films. Girish Kasaravalli (born 1950) (ಗಿರೀಶ್ ಕಾಸರವಳ್ಳಿ is a legendary movie director of international repute in Kannada He is the only Indian director other than Satyajit Ray and Buddhadev Dasgupta to win the Golden Lotus Awards four times. Satyajit Ray (সত্যজিত রায় or সত্যজিৎ রায়) (2 May 1921–23 April 1992 was a Bengali Indian Filmmaker. Buddhadeb Dasgupta ( Bengali: বুদ্ধদেব দাশগুপ্ত Buddhodeb Dashgupto) is a Poet and prominent contemporary

From the 1970s onwards Hindi cinema produced a wave of art films. The foremost among the directors who produced such films is Shyam Benegal. Shyam Benegal ( శ్యాం బెనెగల్‌) (born 14 December, 1934in Andhra pradesh) is a prolific Indian director and screenwriter Others in this genre include Govind Nihalani (Ardh Satya), Mani Kaul (Uski Roti), Kumar Shahani (Maya Darpan), H. K. Verma (Kadamabari),M. S. Sathyu (Garam Hava).

Many cinematographers, technicians and actors began in art cinema and moved to commercial cinema. The actor Naseeruddin Shah is one notable example; he has never achieved matinee idol status, but has turned out a solid body of work as a supporting actor and a star in independent films such as Mira Nair's Monsoon Wedding. Naseeruddin Shah aka Nasiruddin Shah (नसीरुद्दीन शाह (b Mira Nair (born October 15 1957 at Rourkela, India) is an India -born New York -based Film director Monsoon Wedding is a 2001 Film directed by Mira Nair and written by Sabrina Dhawan, which depicts various romantic entanglements H. K. Verma, a cinematographer turned to direction with his maiden venture Kadambari starring Shabana Azmi.

Marathi art cinema has been continuously churning out gems even when Marathi mainstream cinema had no suffered a setback. Dr. Jabbar Patel, Bhave-Sukthankar, Amol Palekar are some of the notable names while acclaimed movie titles are Umbartha, Dhyaasparva, Uttarayan, Vaastupurush etc.

Globalization of Indian cinema

Cinema admissions in 1995
Cinema admissions in 1995

Contact between Indian and Western cinemas was established in the early days of film in India. Dadasaheb Phalke was moved to make Raja Harishchandra after watching the film Life of Christ at P. B. Mehta's American-Indian Cinema. Similarly, some other early film directors were inspired by Western movies.

In India at least 80 percent of films shown in the late 1920s were American, even though twenty-one studios manufactured local films, eight or nine of them in regular production. American serials such as Perils of Pauline and Exploits of Elaine, and the spectacular sets of films like Quo Vadis and Cabira were popular and inspiring during the World War I era. Universal Pictures set up an Indian agency in 1916, which went on to dominate the Indian distribution system[15]. J. F. Madan's Elphinstone Bioscope Company at first focused on distribution of foreign films and organization of their regular screenings Additionally, J. P. Madan, the prolific producer, employed Western directors for many of his films.

A number of Indian films have been accused of plagiarising from Hollywood Movies. The Hindi film industry centered in Mumbai, commonly known as Bollywood, is an extremely prolific industry Due to the long time taken by courts to decide a case, few cases relating to copyright violations are brought up. One of the reasons Bollywood hesitates in purchasing rights is the assumption that these would run into millions of dollars, though according to some like screenwriter-director Anurag Kashyap, this is incorrect; He argues that while the films may cost millions of dollars in the west, the rights would be less expensive for Hindi remakes because the price would be based on the audience's buying power, the economy and the number of bidders. [11]In 2003, best-selling fiction writer Barbara Taylor Bradford brought a copyright infringement suit against Sahara Television for allegedly making a television series (Karishma: A miracle of destiny) out of her book, A Woman of Substance, without acquiring the legal rights to do so.

Today, Indian cinema is becoming increasingly westernised. This trend is most strongly apparent in Bollywood. Newer Bollywood movies sometimes include Western actors (such as Rachel Shelley in Lagaan), try to meet Western production standards, conduct filming overseas, adopt some English in their scripts or incorporate some elements of Western-style plots. Rachel Shelley (born on 25 August 1969) is an English actress. Lagaan ( Bhojpuri / Hindi: लगान Urdu: لگان translation Land tax also known as Lagaan Once upon a time in India Bollywood also produces box-office hit like the films Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge and Kal Ho Naa Ho, both of which deal with the overseas Indian's experience. Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge (दिलवाले दुल्हनिया ले जाएँगे Urdu دلوالے دلہانیہ لے جائنگے also known Kal Ho Naa Ho ( Devanagari कल हो ना हो Nastaliq: کل ہو نہ ہو English: Tomorrow May or May Not Be is a 2003

However, the meeting between west and India is a two-way process: Western audiences mostly of Indian origin are becoming more interested in India, as evidenced by the mild success of Lagaan, Bride and Prejudice and Sivaji. Lagaan ( Bhojpuri / Hindi: लगान Urdu: لگان translation Land tax also known as Lagaan Once upon a time in India Bride and Prejudice is a 2004 Indian British / American romantic Musical film directed by Gurinder Chadha As Western audiences for Indian cinema grow, Western producers are funding maverick Indian filmmakers like Gurinder Chadha (Bride and Prejudice) and Mira Nair (Monsoon Wedding). Gurinder Chadha, OBE, (born 10 January 1960 in Nairobi, Kenya) is a British Film director of Indian Mira Nair (born October 15 1957 at Rourkela, India) is an India -born New York -based Film director Monsoon Wedding is a 2001 Film directed by Mira Nair and written by Sabrina Dhawan, which depicts various romantic entanglements Both Chadha and Nair are of Indian origin but do not live in India, and who made their names in Western independent films; they have now been funded to create films that "interpret" the Indian cinematic tradition for Westerners. A similar filmmaker is Deepa Mehta of Canada, whose films include the trilogy Fire, Earth and Water. Deepa Mehta (दीपा मेहता (born 1 January 1950 in Amritsar, Punjab, India) is an Indian-born Canadian film

Indian cinema is also influencing the English and American musical; Baz Luhrmann's Moulin Rouge! (2001) incorporates a Bollywood-style dance sequence; The Guru and The 40-Year-Old Virgin feature Indian-style song-and-dance sequences; A. R. Rahman, a film composer, was recruited for Andrew Lloyd Webber's Bombay Dreams; and a musical version of Hum Aapke Hain Koun has played in London's West End. Baz Luhrmann (born Mark Anthony Luhrmann on 17 September 1962 is an Oscar and Golden Globe -nominated Australian Film director, Screenwriter This article is about the 2001 Motion picture. For other uses see Moulin Rouge (disambiguation Moulin Rouge! is a 2001 Musical film The 40-Year-Old Virgin is a 2005 Comedy film written and directed by Judd Apatow and co-written by the film's lead Allah Rakkhha Rahman (ஏஆர்ரஹ்மான் born on January 6 1966 as A Andrew Lloyd Webber Baron Lloyd-Webber (born 22 March 1948 is a British Composer of Musical theatre, the elder son of William Lloyd Webber Bombay Dreams is a Bollywood -themed musical The music for Bombay Dreams was created by A Hum Aapke Hain Koun! ( Hindi: हम आपके हैं कौन Urdu: ہم آپ کے ہیں کون Translation: Who Am I to You?

Awards

Since 1973, the Indian government has sponsored the National Film Awards (which first began in 1954), awarded by the government run Directorate of Film Festivals (DFF). The National Film Awards is the most prestigious film award ceremony in India, and the country's oldest award ceremony alongside the Filmfare Awards. The Directorate of Film Festivals in India is a organization set up by Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt The DFF screens films from all the Indian movie industries and independent/art films. These awards are handed out at an annual ceremony presided over by the President of India. The President of India or Rashtrapati ( Hindi: राष्ट्रपति a Sanskrit Neologism, lit

The Filmfare Awards ceremony is one of the oldest and most prominent film events given for Hindi films in India [12] and is sometimes referred to as the "Bollywood Oscars. The Filmfare Awards ceremony is one of the oldest and most prominent film events given for Hindi films in India. Bollywood (बॉलीवूड بالی وڈ is the informal term popularly used for the Mumbai -based Hindi-language Film industry in India India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country " [13] The Filmfare awards were first introduced in 1954, the same year as the National Film Awards and gave awards to the best films of 1953. The National Film Awards is the most prestigious film award ceremony in India, and the country's oldest award ceremony alongside the Filmfare Awards. The ceremony was referred to as the Clare Awards after the magazine's editor. A dual voting system was developed in 1956. [14] Under this system, "in contrast to the National Film Awards, which are decided by a panel appointed by Indian Government, the Filmfare Awards are voted for by both the public and a committee of experts. The National Film Awards is the most prestigious film award ceremony in India, and the country's oldest award ceremony alongside the Filmfare Awards. " [15]

Additional ceremonies held within India are:

Ceremonies held overseas are:

Most of these award ceremonies are lavishly staged spectacles, featuring singing, dancing, and lots of stars and starlets. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The Stardust Awards is an award ceremony which congratulates the superstars of the new generation who will make an impact in the future The Star Screen Awards has been the only Awards ceremony in India which has involved the Executive Director and the Governor of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences The Bollywood Movie Awards, is an annual film award ceremony held in Long Island, New York, United States, celebrating films and actors from the Bollywood Long Island is an island located in southeastern New York, USA, its western shores directly across from Manhattan, from which the island stretches New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Global Indian Film Awards (GIFA were first held in 2005 in Dubai. The International Indian Film Academy (IIFA Awards, is an awards ceremony that honours Bollywood ( Hindi language film industry films around the world since 2000 The Zee Cine Awards or "ZCA" for short is an Awards Ceremony in India.

Film Training In India

References

  1. ^ Central Board of Film Certification of India
  2. ^ Deccan Herald-Indian movie tickets cheapest in the world-survey
  3. ^ Film Collection
  4. ^ The Hindu : Remembering a pioneer
  5. ^ Goddard, John. "Missouri Masala Fear not, St. Louisans: You don't need to go to Bombay to get your Bollywood fix" Riverfront Times, St. Louis, Missouri, July 30, 2003, Music section.
  6. ^ IMDb page on awards won by Seeta
  7. ^ News info from TribuneIndia.com
  8. ^ IMDb page on Bhagya Chakra
  9. ^ IMDb page on Dhoop Chhaon
  10. ^ Grand Prix du Festival International du Film (1939-54)
  11. ^ History will never forget Chetan Anand June 13, 2007. Events 1525 - Martin Luther marries Katharina von Bora, against the Celibacy rule decreed by the Roman Catholic Church for Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
  12. ^ Maker of innovative, meaningful movies The Hindu, June 15, 2007. The Hindu is a single-edition English-language Indian newspaper Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
  13. ^ IMDB page on Jamai Shashthi: first Bengali talkie
  14. ^ a b "The World-wide Spread of Cinema". The Oxford History of World Cinema. (1996). Ed. Nowell-Smith, G. . Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-811257-2.  
  15. ^ Thoraval, Y: "The Cinemas of India", Chapter 1, page 12, "The Cinemas of India"

External links

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