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La règle du jeu (Jean Renoir)
La règle du jeu (Jean Renoir)
L'Atalante (Jean Vigo)
L'Atalante (Jean Vigo)

The art of film making within the nation of France or by French filmmakers abroad is collectively known as French cinema. The Rules of the Game (original French title La Règle du jeu) is a 1939 Film directed by Jean Renoir about Jean Renoir (French ʁəˈnwaʁ ( September 15, 1894 – February 12, 1979) born in the Montmartre district of Paris L'Atalante (also released as Le chaland qui passe) is a 1934 French Film directed by Jean Vigo and starring Jean Dasté Jean Vigo ( April 26, 1905 &ndash October 5, 1934) was a French Film director, who helped establish Poetic realism This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics.

France, especially, has long been a gathering spot for artists from across Europe and the world. For this reason French cinema is sometimes intertwined with the cinema of foreign nations. Directors from nations such as Poland (Roman Polanski, Krzysztof Kieslowski, Andrzej Żuławski), Argentina (Gaspar Noe, Edgardo Cozarinsky), and the Soviet Union (Alexandre Alexeieff, Anatole Litvak, Gela Babluani) are equally prominent in the ranks of French cinema as the native Frenchmen. ( June 27, 1941 &ndash March 13, 1996) was an influential Oscar -nominated Polish Film director and Andrzej Żuławski (born 22 November 1940) is a Polish Film director. Gaspar Noé (born December 27, 1963 in Buenos Aires) is an Argentinian -born French filmmaker. Edgardo Cozarinsky ( 1939) is an Argentine film director writer and actor Alexandre Alexeieff (born as Alexej Alexeieff, sometimes credited as Alexander Alexeieff or Alexander Alexeïeff Anatole Litvak (Анатоль Литвак ( May 10, 1902 &ndash December 15, 1974) was a Ukrainian -born international filmmaker Géla Babluani (1979- is a Georgian - French film director Babluani was born in Tbilisi, son of prominent director Temur Babluani.

France has had only three nationals, all women, win acting Academy Awards:

Contents

History

Late 19th century to early 20th century

In the late 19th century, during the early years of cinema, France produced several important pioneers. "The Oscar" redirects here for the film see The Oscar (film. Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role is one of the Academy Awards of Merit presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS to Simone Signoret (simɔn siɲɔˈʀɛ in French ( March 25, 1921 - September 30, 1985) is a beloved Academy Award winning legend Room at the Top is a 1959 British film based on the novel of the same name by John Braine. Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role is one of the Academy Awards of Merit presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS Juliette Binoche (in French ʒylijɛt biˈnɔʃ born 9 March 1964 is an Academy Award -winning French film actress. For the Seinfeld episode see " The English Patient (Seinfeld episode " The English Patient is a Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role is one of the Academy Awards of Merit presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS to Marion Cotillard (born September 30 1975 is a French actress She made history by becoming the first actor to win an Academy Award for the French cinema See also 1900 in film, List of 'years in film'. Events 1832 - Joseph Plateau ( Belgium) and Simon von Auguste and Louis Lumière invented the cinématographe and their screening of L'Arrivée d'un train en gare de La Ciotat in Paris in 1895 is marked by many historians as the official birth of cinematography. The cinematograph is a film Camera, which also serves as a Film projector and developer L'arrivée d'un train en gare de La Ciotat ( The Arrival of a Train at La Ciotat Station, Arrival of a Train at La Ciotat (US Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Events March 22 - First display of motion pictures by Auguste and Louis Lumière (private screening During the next few years, filmmakers all over the world started experimenting with this new medium, and France's Georges Méliès was influential. Georges Méliès ( December 8, 1861 &ndash January 21, 1938) full name Marie-Georges-Jean Méliès, was a French He invented many of the techniques now common in the cinematic language, and made the first ever science fiction film A Trip to the Moon (Le Voyage dans la Lune, 1902). Science fiction Film is a Film genre that uses speculative, Science -based depictions of imaginary phenomena such as extra-terrestrial A Trip to the Moon (French fr Le Voyage dans la lune) is a 1902 French Black and white silent Science fiction A Trip to the Moon (French fr Le Voyage dans la lune) is a 1902 French Black and white silent Science fiction The year 1902 in film involved some significant events Events March 10 - Circuit Court's decision disallows Thomas Edison from having a monopoly

Other early individuals and organizations of this period included Gaumont Pictures and Pathé Frères. Gaumont is a French film production company founded in 1895 by the engineer-turned-inventor Léon Gaumont (1864-1946 This article deals with the Pathé movie company For their music business see Pathé Records. Alice Guy Blaché was one of the first pioneers in cinema. Alice Guy-Blaché ( July 1, 1873 &ndash March 24, 1968) was a pioneer Filmmaker who was the first female director in the motion picture She made her first film in 1896, La Fée aux Choux, and was head of production at Gaumont 1897-1906, where she made in total about 400 films. Events January - In Britain, Birt Acres and Robert W Paul developed their own film projector the Theatrograph (later known La Fée aux Choux ( The Cabbage Fairy) is one of the earliest narrative fiction Films ever made Events 125 people died during a film screening at the Charity Bazaar in Paris after a curtain catches on fire from the ether used to fuel the The year 1906 in film involved some significant events Events 26 December - The world's first feature film The Story of the Kelly Gang Her career continued in the United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Several pioneers such as Maurice Tourneur or Léonce Perret continued their career in United States after World War I. Maurice Tourneur, born February 2, 1873 &ndash died August 4, 1961, was an important international Film director and Screenwriter Léonce Perret ( May 13, 1880 &ndash August 14, 1935) was a prolific and innovative French film actor director and producer

During the period between World War I and World War II, Jacques Feyder became one of the founders of poetic realism in French cinema. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Jacques Feyder ( 21 July 1885 &ndash 24 May 1948) was a Belgian Screenwriter and international Poetic realism was a Film movement in France leading up to World War II. He was also a dominating character within French Impressionist Cinema as well as Abel Gance, Germaine Dulac and Jean Epstein, see Cinéma Pur. French Impressionist Cinema, also referred to as The First Avant-Garde or Narrative Avant-Garde, is a term applied to a loose and debatable group of films and filmmakers Abel Gance (25 October 1889 - 10 November 1981 was a French Film director, producer, Writer, Actor and editor best Germaine Dulac ( 17 November 1882, Amiens, France - 20 July 1942, Paris) was a French film director and early Jean Epstein ( 25 March 1897, Warsaw &ndash 3 April 1953, Paris) was a film director and early film theoretician Cinéma Pur ( French for Pure Cinema) was an Avant-garde film movement birthed in Paris in the 1920s and 30s

After World War I, the French film industry was weak, because of missing assets. As every European war leading country, France suffered of a strong financial lack, which was very hard for the film industry to find investors. So the French film production decreased as well as the production of the most other European countries too. This was the chance for the US film industry to enter the European cinema market with their own production, which could be sold cheaper than the European productions, because the studios had already recouped their investments in the home market. So, even more film studios in Europe, and also in France, crashed, which was the impulse for many European countries to install barriers to import. In view of the quota-rules of neighbor states such as Great Britain or Germany, France installed an import quota of 1:7, which means, that for every seven foreign films imported to France, one French film has to be produced and shown in French cinemas. [1]

1930's notable films included; René Clair's Under the Roofs of Paris (1930), Jacques Feyder's Carnival in Flanders (1935), Julien Duvivier's La belle equipe (1936). René Clair (11 November 1898 &ndash 15 March 1981 was a French Filmmaker. Under the Roofs of Paris ( Sous les toits de Paris) is a 1930 French film directed by René Clair. Carnival in Flanders is a 1935 French historical Romantic comedy film directed by Jacques Feyder. Julien Duvivier ( 8 October 1896 in Lille - 30 October 1967 in Paris) was a French film director In 1931, Marcel Pagnol filmed the first of his great trilogy, Marius, Fanny, and César. Marcel Pagnol ( February 28, 1895 – April 18, 1974) was a French Novelist, Playwright, and Filmmaker Marius ( 1931) is a French theatre script written by Marcel Pagnol that was later converted into a film of the same name He followed this with a number of films including the The Baker's Wife. The Baker's Wife ( La femme du boulanger) is a 1938 French comedy film directed by Marcel Pagnol. Beginning in 1935, renowned playwright and actor Sacha Guitry directed his first film. Events Judy Garland signs a contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM Sacha Guitry ( 21 February 1885 &ndash 24 July 1957) was a French film actor director screenwriter and playwright He made more than 30 films that are seen as the precursor to the new wave era. In 1937 Jean Renoir, the son of famous painter Pierre-Auguste Renoir, directed what many see as his first masterpiece, La Grande Illusion (The Grand Illusion). The year 1937 in film involved some significant events Events April 16 - Way Out West premieres in Jean Renoir (French ʁəˈnwaʁ ( September 15, 1894 – February 12, 1979) born in the Montmartre district of Paris Pierre-Auguste Renoir ( February 25, 1841 &ndash December 3, 1919) was a French Artist who was a leading painter in Grand Illusion (French La Grande Illusion) is a 1937 war Film directed by Jean Renoir (1894–1979 the son of artist Pierre-Auguste In 1939 Renoir directed La Règle du Jeu (The Rules of the Game). The year 1939 in film involved some significant events Events Movie historians and film buffs often look back on the year 1939 as "the The Rules of the Game (original French title La Règle du jeu) is a 1939 Film directed by Jean Renoir about Several movie critics have cited this film as one of the greatest of all-time. While there is no agreement upon the greatest Film of all time many publications and organizations have tried to determine the films considered the greatest ever.

Marcel Carné's Les Enfants du Paradis (Children of Paradise) was filmed during World War II and released in 1945. Marcel Carné ( August 18, 1906 - October 31, 1996) was a French Film director. Les Enfants du Paradis (released as Children of Paradise in North America, but more correctly translated as Children of the Gods World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The year 1945 in film involved some significant events Events Paramount Studios releases theatrical short Cartoon The three-hour film was extremely difficult to make due to the conditions during the Nazi occupation. Set in Paris in 1828, the film was voted "Best French Film of the Century" in a poll of 600 French critics and professionals in the late 1990s. Events Thousands of full-length Films were produced during the 1990s

Post-World War II: 1940s-1970s

In the critical magazine Cahiers du cinéma founded by André Bazin, critics and lovers of film would discuss film and why it worked. Events Hundreds of full-length films were produced during the decade of the 1940s World cinema In cinema all over the world the seventies brought about vigor in adventurous cool and realistic complex narratives with rich cinematography and elaborate scores Cahiers du cinéma ( Notebooks on Cinema;) is an influential French Film Magazine founded in 1951 by André Bazin, André Bazin ( April 18, 1918 &ndash November 11, 1958) was a renowned and influential French film critic and film Modern film theory was born there. Film theory debates the essence of the cinema and provides conceptual frameworks for understanding film's relationship to Reality, the other Arts individual Additionally, Cahiers critics such as Jean-Luc Godard, François Truffaut, Claude Chabrol, etc. Jean-Luc Godard (French ʒɑ̃lyk gɔˈdaʀ (born on December 3 1930 is a French and Swiss Filmmaker and one of the founding members of the Nouvelle Vague François Roland Truffaut ( February 6 1932 – October 21 1984) was one of the founders of the French New Wave in filmmaking Claude Chabrol (klod ʃaˈbʁɔl in French (born 24 June 1930 Paris) is a French film director and has become well-known since his first film went on to make films themselves, creating what was to become known as the French New Wave. "Nouvelle Vague" redirects here For the music group of the same name see Nouvelle Vague (band. Some of the first movies of this new genre was Godard's Breathless (À bout de souffle, 1960), starring Jean-Paul Belmondo and - the leading movie - Truffaut's The 400 Blows (Les Quatre Cent Coups, 1959) starring Jean-Pierre Léaud. Breathless (French À bout de souffle; literally "out of breath" is a 1960 Film directed by Jean-Luc Godard The year 1960 in film involved some significant events Events April 20 - for the first time since coming home from military Jean-Paul Belmondo (born 9 April 1933 is a French Actor initially associated with the New Wave of the 1960s The 400 Blows ( Les Quatre Cents Coups) is a 1959 French film directed by François Truffaut. The year 1959 in film involved some significant events Events The Three Stooges make their 180th and last short film Jean-Pierre Léaud (born May 5, 1944) is a French Actor. Born in Paris, Léaud made his debut as an actor when he was 14 as From 1959 till 1979 Truffaut followed Léaud's character Antoine Doinel, who falls in love with Christine Darbon (Claude Jade from Hitchcock's Topaz) in Stolen Kisses, marries her in Bed & Board and separates from her in the last Post-New-Wave-Movie Love on the Run. The year 1959 ( MCMLIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar) Antoine Doinel is a Fictional character invented by French Film director François Truffaut. Claude Jade, byname of Claude Marcelle Jorré ( 8 October 1948 - 1 December 2006) was a French actress, best known Sir Alfred Joseph Hitchcock, KBE (13 Topaz, director Alfred Hitchcock 's 51st movie, filmed between 1968 and 1969, was adapted from the book Topaz Stolen Kisses ( French: Baisers volés) is a 1968 French film directed by François Truffaut. Bed and Board ( Domicile Conjugal) is a 1970 French film directed by François Truffaut. Love on the Run ( French: L'amour en fuite) is a 1979 French film directed by François Truffaut. Produced during this period, French comedies with Louis de Funes are a best in French box office: La Grande Vadrouille (1966) ( 17 000 000 ) from Gérard Oury with Bourvil, La Folie des grandeurs with Yves Montand. Louis Germain David de Funès de Galarza (fyˈnɛs ( July 31 1914 &ndash January 27 1983) was a French Actor who La Grande Vadrouille (literally The Great Stroll. Released in the USA as Don't Look Now Gérard Oury ( 29 April 1919, Paris – 20 July 2006, Saint-Tropez) was a French actor writer and producer André Bourvil, a French Actor and Singer best known for his roles in Comedy, most notably in his collaboration with Louis de Funès Yves Montand (iv mɔ̃ˈtɑ̃ in French ( 13 October 1921 &ndash 9 November 1991) was an Italian -born French . .

Personalities from this period

Actors

Directors

1980s

1990s

2000s

Current situation

As the advent of television threatened the life of cinema itself, countries were faced with the problem of reviving cinema-going. Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic The French cinema market, and more generally the French-speaking market, is smaller than the English-speaking market, one reason being that some major markets such as the United States are fairly reluctant to import foreign movies. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the As a consequence, French movies have to be amortized on a relatively small market and thus generally have budgets far lower than their American counterparts, ruling out expensive settings and special effects. The illusions used in the Film, Television, Theater, or Entertainment industries to simulate the imagined events in a story are traditionally called The French government has therefore implemented various measures aimed at supporting local film production and movie theaters, including:

French films

Main article: List of French films

Notable contemporary French cinema personalities

Actors

Directors

Further reading

Notes

  1. ^ L'Estrange Fawcett: Die Welt des Films. Amalthea-Verlag, Zürich, Leipzig, Wien 1928, p. 149 (German translation of Fawcetts' book of 1928: Film, Facts and Forecasts)

See also

External links


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