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Latin American cinema

Although cinema arrived at Cuba at the beginning of the 20th century and the island arrived early to the television phenomena and cinematographic production, only around 80 full-length films were produced before the Cuban Revolution of 1959, most of these films were melodramas. Latin American cinema refers collectively to the Film output and film industries of Latin America. The Cinema of Argentina has a long tradition dating back to the late nineteenth century and has played an important role in the Culture of Argentina for more than Brazilian cinema has more recently sparked attention overseas thanks to the success of films like Central Station ( Central do Brasil) and The Cinema of Colombia (Cine de Colombia or Colombian Cinema (Cine colombiano refers to the historic evolution of Cinematography in Colombia. The history of Mexican cinema goes back to the beginning of the 20th century when several enthusiasts of the new medium documented historical events &ndash most The Cinema of Paraguay is small compared to that of neighbouring Argentina & Brazil. While the Peruvian film industry has not been nearly as prolific as that of some other Latin American countries such as Mexico or Argentina, some Peruvian The history of film in Puerto Rico begins with the US invasion of the island in 1898. The Cinema of Uruguay has a role in the Culture of Uruguay. The industry has many actors and directors that made the Uruguayan cinema a part The Republic of Cuba (ˈkjuːbə or) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles) Isla de la The Cuban Revolution refers to the revolution that led to the overthrow of the United States proxy ruler General Fulgencio Batista 's regime on January 1, Melodrama refers to theatre in which music is used to increase the spectator's emotional response or to suggest character types Following the revolution, Cuba entered what is considered the "Golden age" of Cuban Cinema.

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Early stages

After being popularised by the brothers Louis Jean and Auguste Marie Lumière, the cinematographe traveled through several capital cities in the Americas before arriving in Havana, which occurred on January 24, 1897. The Republic of Cuba (ˈkjuːbə or) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles) Isla de la Cuban art is a diverse cultural blend of African, European and North American visual design reflecting the diverse demographic of the island Cuban cuisine is a fusion of Spanish, African and Caribbean cuisines Cuban recipes share spices and techniques with Spanish and African cooking with The culture of Cuba is a complex mixture of different often contrasting factors and influences Cuba is a Multiracial society with a population of mainly Spanish ancestry Education in Cuba is extremely subsidized at all levels In 1961 the government nationalized all private educational institutions and introduced a state-directed education system The Cuban government operates a national health system and assumes fiscal and administrative responsibility for the Health care of its citizens See also Guantanamo Bay detention camp Human rights in Cuba are a subject of much debate Cuban literature began to find its voice in the early 19th century The Caribbean island of Cuba has developed a wide range of creolized musical styles based on its cultural origins in Europe and Africa Politics of Cuba take place within a framework of a socialist republic. Religion in Cuba reflects the island’s diverse cultural elements Tourism in Cuba attracts over 2 million people a year and is one of the main sources of revenue for the island The cinematograph is a film Camera, which also serves as a Film projector and developer The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or New World, consisting of the Continents of North America and South America Havana ( IPA: aˈβana officially Ciudad de La Habana, is the Capital city, major port and leading Events 41 - Gaius Caesar (Caligula, known for his eccentricity and cruel Despotism, is Assassinated by his disgruntled Year 1897 ( MDCCCXCVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common It was brought from Mexico by Gabriel Veyre. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. The first presentation was offered at Paseo del Prado #126, just aside the Teatro Tacón, today called Gran Teatro de La Habana. Four short films were shown: "Partida de cartas", "El tren", "El regador y el muchacho" y "El sombrero cómico". The tickets were sold at a price of 50 cents, and 20 cents for kids and the military. Short after, Veyre performed a leading role in the first film produced in the island, "Simulacro de incendio", a documentary centered around firemen in Havana.

In this first phase of introduction there were several locations devoted to cinema: Panorama Soler, Salón de variedades o ilusiones ópticas, Paseo del Prado #118, Vitascopio de Edison (in the famous Louvre sidewalk). The Teatro Irioja (today Teatro Martí) was the first to present cinema as one of its attractions. The first in a long list of movie theatres in Havana was set by José A. Casasús, actor, producer and entrepreneur, under the name of "Floradora", later renamed "Alaska".

In the six or seven years before World War I, cinema gets expanded and stabilized as a business in the most important cities in Latin America. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Cuba, just as the rest of the countries in the continent, went through those first years with itinerant and sporadic exhibitions, changing from European providers to North American providers, starting the dependency on the big Hollywood companies. The Republic of Cuba (ˈkjuːbə or) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles) Isla de la

The first ambitious genre in the continent was probably historic reviews. In Cuba films like "El Capitán Mambí" y "Libertadores o guerrilleros" (1914), de Enríque Díaz Quesada with support from the general Mario García Menocal are worth mentioning. Mario García Menocal (December 17 1866 in Jagüey Grande, Matanzas, Cuba - September 7, 1941 in Santiago de Cuba Díaz Quesada adapted from the Spanish novelist Joaquín Dicenta in 1910, as a tendency widely used then, of using literary works adapted for movies, as well as imitating Chaplin, the French comedies and cowboys adventure films. Wikisource (Spanish has original text related to this article The silent stage of production was extended until 1937, when the first full-length fiction movie was produced.

Pre-revolutionary cinema

Before the Cuban Revolution of 1959 the total film production was around 80 full-length movies. The Cuban Revolution refers to the revolution that led to the overthrow of the United States proxy ruler General Fulgencio Batista 's regime on January 1, Some films are worth mentioning, such as "La Virgen de la Caridad" staring Miguel Santos, and "Romance del Palmar" by Ramón Peón. Many famous people from the continent came to the island to film, and some leading Cuban actors had a strong presence mainly in Mexico and Argentina. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. Musicians such as Ernesto Lecuona, Bola de Nieve or Rita Montaner also performed and composed for movies in several countries. Ernesto Lecuona y Casado ( August 6, 1895 Guanabacoa, Havana, Cuba - November 29, 1963 Santa Cruz de Tenerife Bola de Nieve ('Snowball' born Ignacio Jacinto Villa ( Guanabacoa, 11 September 1911 &ndash Mexico City, 2 October 1971 was

Cinema after the revolution

In the first days of 1959 the new government created a cinematographic department within the Dirección de Cultura del Ejercito Rebelde (Culture division of the Rebel Army), which sponsored the production of documentaries such as "Esta tierra nuestra" de Tomás Gutiérrez Alea, and "La vivienda" de Julio García Espinosa. Tomás Gutiérrez Alea ( December 11 1928 &ndash April 16 1996) was an influential Cuban filmmaker This was the direct ancestor of what would eventually become the ICAIC (Instituto Cubano del Arte y la Industria Cinematográficos), founded in March, as a result of the first culture law of the revolutionary government.

The first ten years of the institution were called by the critics the Golden Age (Decada de Oro) for the Cuban cinema, most of all because of the making of Lucía (1969) by Humberto Solás and Memorias del subdesarrollo (1968) by Tomás Gutiérrez Alea. Films produced in Argentina in the 1960s ordered by year of release on separate pages 1960 Argentine films of 1960 Humberto Solás ( 14 January 1941 - 2008-09-17 was a Cuban Film director, credited with directing the classic film Lucía (1968 which Memories of Underdevelopment ( Memorias del Subdesarrollo) is a seminal 1968 Latin American film from Cuba. Tomás Gutiérrez Alea ( December 11 1928 &ndash April 16 1996) was an influential Cuban filmmaker These two directors are often regarded as the best film directors in the country. Memorias del subdesarrollo was selected among the best 100 films of all times by the International Federation of Film-Clubs. But the most notable Cuban film in the recent years was Fresa y Chocolate (1993) by Tomás Gutiérrez Alea and Juan Carlos Tabío. Strawberry and Chocolate ( Spanish: Fresa y Chocolate) is a Cuban - Spanish - Mexican co-produced Film Juan Carlos Tabío is a Cuban Film director and Screenwriter. It is about intolerance, and portrays the friendship between a homosexual and a young member of the Unión de Jóvenes Comunistas (a communist youth organization). Homosexuality refers to sexual behavior with or attraction to people of the same sex or to a Homosexual orientation. This film was the first Cuban production ever nominated for the Oscars. "The Oscar" redirects here for the film see The Oscar (film.

One of the most prolific and strong branches of the Cuban cinema in the last 40 years has been the documentaries and short-films. The documentary Now (1965) by Santiago Álvarez is often considered the first video clip in history. Santiago Álvarez (1919&ndash1998 was a Cuban filmmaker He wrote and directed many documentaries about Cuban and American culture This page is about the visual medium for the Thai film see Video Clip (2007 film. It combines a song with an uninterrupted sequence of images depicting racial discrimination in the U.S.. List of racism-related topics|Racism by country Racism, by its simplest definition is the belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Animation has also been a major highlight in the last decades. In 1974 Juan Padrón gave birth to Elpidio Valdés, a character that represents a mambí fighter, struggling for Cuban independence against the Spanish occupation in the 19th century. Juan Padrón, (Carlos Rojas Matanzas 1947) is Cuban Premier Animation Director It is very popular among Cuban children. The other great success of Cuban animation was the full-length film Vampiros en La Habana (1983), also by Juan Padrón. ¡Vampiros en La Habana! ( English title Vampires in Havana) is a Cuban Animated film from the mind of Juan Padrón

Essential in the history of Cuban cinema is the Noticiero ICAIC Latinoamericano (Latin-American ICAIC News) whose first director was Alfredo Guevara, current president of the ICAIC. Years later was directed by Santiago Álvarez and the Mexican Rodolfo Espino, the most successful documentary maker in the island. Santiago Álvarez (1919&ndash1998 was a Cuban filmmaker He wrote and directed many documentaries about Cuban and American culture Another very important event was the Festival Internacional del Nuevo Cine Latinoamericano (International Festival of the New Latin-American Cinema) celebrated each year in Havana since 1979, and it is the most important of its type in Latin America. Havana ( IPA: aˈβana officially Ciudad de La Habana, is the Capital city, major port and leading There is also an international cinema university, the Escuela Internacional de Cine, Televisión y Video de San Antonio de los Baños (International School of Cinema, Television and Video of San Antonio de los Baños) located in San Antonio de los Baños near Havana, in a terrain donated by the Cuban government and supported by the Fundación del Nuevo Cine Latinoamericano and Gabriel García Márquez. San Antonio de los Baños is a municipality and city in the La Habana Province of Cuba. Gabriel José de la Concordia García Márquez (born March 6 1927 is a Colombian Hundreds of young students from all over Latin America have studied direction, script, photography and edition.

The contribution of ICAIC, which was rapidly positioned as the head of a process aiming for legitimate artistic values and expression of nationality, is not limited only to the support in producing and promoting a movement that spanned fiction, documentary and animation, but also gave an impulse in the exhibition and popular knowledge of the best of cinema from all over the world, created the film archives of the Cinemateca de Cuba, and took part in initiatives such as Cinemóviles, which made cinema available on the most intricate sites of the national geography.

The institution also helped developing the Cuban poster, as a mean of promoting films. It gave birth between 1969 and 1977, to the Grupo de Experimentación Sonora, which influenced the Cuban music to a great extent, serving as a starting point for the movement of the Nueva Trova. The Caribbean island of Cuba has developed a wide range of creolized musical styles based on its cultural origins in Europe and Africa Nueva trova was a movement in Cuban music that emerged in the mid-1960s Figures like Silvio Rodríguez, Pablo Milanés and Leo Brouwer were prominent through all this process. Silvio Rodríguez Domínguez (born November 29, 1946 in San Antonio de los Baños) is a Cuban musician and a leader of the Nueva trova Pablo Milanés Arias (born in Bayamo, Cuba on February 24, 1943) is a Cuban Singer-songwriter and guitar player Juan Leovigildo Brouwer Mezquida (born March 1, 1939) in Havana, is a Cuban Composer, guitarist and conductor

Post-Cold War era

Renowned figures

Directors

Actors and Actresses

Cuban film festivals

Cuban Films

Main article: List of Cuban films

A list of some of the more important Cuban films produced since 1959:

Further reading

See also

External links

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