City of Cincinnati
Flag Seal
Nickname: The Queen City
Motto: Juncta Juvant (Lat. Strength in Unity)
Location in Hamilton County, Ohio, USA
Coordinates: 39°8′10″N 84°30′11″W / 39.13611, -84.50306
Country	United States
State	Ohio
County	Hamilton
Settled	1788
Incorporated	1802 (village)
-	1819 (city)
Government
- Type	Mayor-council government
- Mayor	Mark L. Mallory (D)
Area
- City	79. A nickname is a Name of an entity or thing that is not its Proper name. A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Hamilton County is a County located in the southwest corner of the state of Ohio, United States. Ohio ( is a Midwestern state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region, Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The political units and divisions of the United States include The 50 states (four of these being officially styled as Commonwealths) which are typically Ohio ( is a Midwestern state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region, Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads This is a list of the eighty-eight counties in the US state of Ohio. Hamilton County is a County located in the southwest corner of the state of Ohio, United States. A municipal corporation is the legal term for a local governing body, including (but not necessarily limited to cities, counties, Towns The Mayor-Council government system sometimes called the Mayor-Commission government system is one of two variations of Government used for the most part in modern A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government Mark Mallory (born April 2 1962) is an American politician of the Democratic Party who is currently serving as the mayor of The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status 6 sq mi (206. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 1 km²)
- Land	78. To help compare different Orders of magnitude and geographical regions we list here areas between 100 km² and 1000 km² 0 sq mi (202. 0 km²)
- Water	1. 6 sq mi (4. 1 km²)
Elevation	482 ft (147 m)
Population (2006)[1] [2]
- City	332,252
- Density	4,174. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 0/sq mi (1,612. 1/km²)
- Metro	2,133,678
Time zone	EST (UTC-5)
- Summer (DST)	EDT (UTC-4)
Area code(s)	513
FIPS code	39-15000[3]
GNIS feature ID	1066650[4]
Website: http://www.cincinnati-oh.gov

Cincinnati is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Hamilton County. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central The Eastern Time Zone ( ET) of the Western Hemisphere falls mostly along the east coast of North America and the west coast of South America UTC−5 is the Time offset used in the North American Eastern Time Zone during Standard time and in the North American Central Time Zone during Daylight saving time ( DST UTC−4 is the Time offset used in the Atlantic Standard Time Zone in Canada in winter and the North American Eastern Time Zone during A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks The area code 513 serves southwest Ohio including Cincinnati and its many suburbs as well as the cities of Hamilton, Middletown, Lebanon Federal Information Processing Standards ( FIPS) are publicly announced standards developed by the United States Federal government for use by all non-military The Geographic Names Information System ( GNIS) is a database that contains name and locative information about more than two million physical and cultural features located throughout A US state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the United States of America that share Sovereignty with the federal government Ohio ( is a Midwestern state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region, Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads Hamilton County is a County located in the southwest corner of the state of Ohio, United States. ^[5] The municipality is located in southwestern Ohio and is situated on the Ohio River at the Ohio-Kentucky border. The Ohio River is the largest Tributary by volume of the Mississippi River. The Commonwealth of Kentucky ( is a state located in the East Central United States of America. With a 2006 population of 332,252, Cincinnati is Ohio's third largest city, behind Columbus and Cleveland, and the 56th largest city in the United States. Columbus is the Capital and the largest city of the US state of Ohio. Cleveland is a City in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Cuyahoga County, the most populous county in the state Residents of Cincinnati are called Cincinnatians.

Cincinnati is considered to have been the first major American boomtown rapidly expanding in the heart of the country in the early nineteenth century to rival the larger coastal cities in size and wealth. A boomtown is a Community that experiences sudden and rapid population and Economic growth. As the first major inland city in the country, it is sometimes thought of as the first purely American city, lacking the heavy European influence that was present on the east coast. However, by the end of the century, Cincinnati's growth had slowed considerably, and the city was surpassed in population by many other inland cities.

Cincinnati is home to major sports teams including the Cincinnati Reds (named for the first professional baseball team ^[6]) and the Cincinnati Bengals (an NFL team), as well as events like the Cincinnati Masters (the oldest tennis tournament in the United States played in its original city)^[7],and the Thanksgiving day race (the second oldest race in the country-- after the Boston marathon). The Cincinnati Reds are a Major League Baseball team based in Cincinnati Ohio, USA The Cincinnati Bengals are a professional American football team based in Cincinnati, Ohio. The National Football League ( NFL) is the largest professional American football league. The Cincinnati Masters is an annual Tennis event held in the Cincinnati suburb of Mason, Ohio, USA. The University of Cincinnati traces its foundation to the Medical College of Ohio, which was founded in 1819. The University of Cincinnati is a Coeducational public Research university in Cincinnati, Ohio. ^[8]

Cincinnati is also known for having the largest collection of nineteenth-century Italianate architecture in the U. S. , primarily concentrated just north of Downtown, one of the largest historic districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP is the United States government's official list of districts sites buildings structures and objects deemed worthy of

History

Main article: History of Cincinnati, Ohio

From steamboats to baseball, Cincinnati history is both rich and diverse—as shown from a section of the Great American Ballpark. See also Race relations of Cincinnati Ohio Cincinnati was founded in 1788 by John Cleves Symmes and Colonel Robert Patterson. A steamboat or steamship, sometimes called a steamer, is a ship in which the primary method of propulsion is steam power, typically driving a Propeller Baseball is a Bat-and-ball Sport played between two teams of nine players each Great American Ball Park is the home of Major League Baseball's Cincinnati Reds.

Cincinnati was founded in 1788 by John Cleves Symmes and Colonel Robert Patterson. John Cleves Symmes (July 21st 1742&ndashFebruary 26 1814 was a delegate to the Continental Congress from New Jersey, and later a pioneer in the Northwest Colonel Robert Patterson (1753–1827 was a soldier and settler who helped found the cities of Lexington Kentucky, and Cincinnati Ohio. ^[9] Surveyor John Filson (also the author of The Adventures of Colonel Daniel Boone) named it "Losantiville" from four terms, each of a different language, meaning "the city opposite the mouth of the Licking River. John Filson (c 1753-1788 was an American author historian of Kentucky, pioneer surveyor and one of the founders of Cincinnati Ohio. Daniel Boone ( &ndash September 26 1820 was an American pioneer and hunter whose frontier exploits made him one of the first folk heroes The Licking River is a tributary of the Ohio River, approximately 320 mi (515 km long in northeastern Kentucky in the United States. " "Ville" is French for "city," "anti" is Greek for "opposite," "os" is Latin for "mouth," and "L" was all that was included of "Licking River. "

In 1790, Arthur St. Clair, the governor of the Northwest Territory, changed the name of the settlement to "Cincinnati" in honor of the Society of the Cincinnati, of which he was a member. Arthur St Clair (March 23 1736 August 31 1818 was the ninth President of the Continental Congress under the Articles of Confederation, a general in the For the Canadian territory see Northwest Territories. For the northwestern corner of the Lower 48 see Northwestern United States. The Society of the Cincinnati is a historic organization with branches in the United States and France founded in 1783 to preserve the ideals and fellowship of the ^[9] The society honored General George Washington, who was considered a latter day Cincinnatus -- the Roman general who saved his city, then retired from power to his farm. George Washington (February 22 1732 December 14 1799 served as the first President of the United States of America (1789&ndash1797 and led the Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus (519 BC &ndash 430 BC? was an ancient Roman political figure serving as Consul in 460 BC and Roman dictator in 458 BC and The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial To this day, Cincinnati in particular (and Ohio in general) is home to a disproportionately large number of descendants of Revolutionary War soldiers who were granted lands in the state. In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" The United States Military Lands were land grants given to Continental Army servicemen by the United States Congress for service in the American Revolutionary

In 1802, Cincinnati was chartered as a village and David Ziegler (1748-1811), a Revolutionary War veteran from Heidelberg, Germany, became the first mayor. A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet, but smaller than a Town or City. David Ziegler ( July 13, 1748 &ndash September 24, 1811) was a German immigrant to the United States who served in the U Heidelberg is a city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. As of 2006 over 140000 people live within the city's area Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Cincinnati was incorporated as a city in 1819. The introduction of steam navigation on the Ohio River in 1811 and the completion of the Miami and Erie Canal helped the city grow to 115,000 citizens by 1850. The Ohio River is the largest Tributary by volume of the Mississippi River. The Miami and Erie Canal was a Canal that connected the Ohio River in Cincinnati, Ohio with Lake Erie in Toledo Ohio ^[9]

Construction on the Miami and Erie Canal began on July 21, 1825, when it was called the Miami Canal, a reference to the Little Miami River, which was its origin, and water was diverted into the canal bed in 1827. The Miami and Erie Canal was a Canal that connected the Ohio River in Cincinnati, Ohio with Lake Erie in Toledo Ohio Events 356 BC - Herostratus sets fire to the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World Year 1825 ( MDCCCXXV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common The Little Miami River (also called the Little Miami Scenic River) is a tributary of the Ohio River, approximately 106  mi (170  km ^[10] The canal began by connecting Cincinnati to nearby Middletown in 1827 and, by 1840, the canal had reached Toledo, changing the Miami Canal to the Miami and Erie Canal and signifying the connection between the Little Miami River and Lake Erie. Middletown is an All-American City[http //wwwenquirercom/editions/2003/03/14/loc_middletownmood14 This article is about the city in Ohio, USA. For Toledo Spain, see that article

During this period of rapid expansion, citizens of Cincinnati began referring to the city as the "Queen" city. The phrase was cemented in the poem "Catawba Wine" by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, who wrote that the city was "the Queen of the West," giving the city its nickname. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (February 27 1807 &ndash March 24 1882 was an American educator and Poet whose works include " Paul Revere's Ride "

Railroads were the next major form of transportation to come to Cincinnati. In 1836, the Little Miami Railroad was chartered. ^[11] Construction began soon after, with the purpose of connecting Cincinnati with the Mad River and Lake Erie Railroad, and thus the ports of the Sandusky Bay. ^[10]

On April 1, 1853, Cincinnati's Fire Department became a paid department, the first full-time paid fire department in the United States, and the first in the world to use steam fire engines. Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne Year 1853 ( MDCCCLIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common ^[12]

Six years later, in 1859, Cincinnati laid out six streetcar lines, making it easier for people to get around the city. ^[11] By 1872, Cincinnatians could travel on the streetcar line within the city and then be transported by rail car to the hill communities. The Cincinnati Inclined Plane Company began transporting people to the top of Mount Auburn in that year. ^[10]

Cincinnati in 1862, a lithograph in Harper's Weekly. Harper's Weekly ( A Journal of Civilization) was an American political Magazine based in New York City.

The Cincinnati Red Stockings, whose name and heritage inspired today's Cincinnati Reds, began their career in the 1800s as well. The Cincinnati Red Stockings of 1869 were Baseball 's first openly all-professional team The Cincinnati Reds are a Major League Baseball team based in Cincinnati Ohio, USA In 1868, meetings were held at the law offices of Tilden, Sherman, and Moulton to make Cincinnati’s baseball team a professional one; it became the first regular professional team in the country, being organized formally in 1869. ^[11]

During the American Civil War, Cincinnati played a key role as a major source of supplies and troops for the Union Army. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South It also served as the headquarters for much of the war for the Department of the Ohio, which was charged with the defense of the region, as well as directing the army's offensives into Kentucky and Tennessee. Due to Cincinnati's proximity to and commerce with slave states across the Ohio River, there was significant "Southern sympathy" in the Cincinnati area. A slave state was a US state in which Slavery of African Americans was legal The Ohio River is the largest Tributary by volume of the Mississippi River. This is evidenced by the history of the Copperhead movement in Ohio. The Copperheads were a vocal group of Democrats in the Northern United States (see also Union (American Civil War) who opposed the American Civil ^[13]. In July of 1863, Cincinnati was placed under martial law due to the imminent danger posed by the Confederate Morgan's Raiders who came very close to Cincinnati but never actually attacked the city proper (although it should be noted that several outlying villages such as Cheviot and Montgomery fell victim to the Morgan's threat. Martial law is the system of rules that takes effect when the military takes control of the normal administration of justice Morgan's Raid was a highly publicized incursion by Confederate Cavalry into the Northern states of Indiana and Ohio during the Cheviot is a City located in west central Hamilton County, Ohio, United States. Montgomery is a city in Hamilton County, Ohio, United States, near exit 50 off Interstate 275, about five miles northeast of the Cincinnati ).

In 1879, Procter & Gamble, one of Cincinnati's major soap manufacturers, began marketing Ivory Soap. Procter & Gamble Co ( P&G,) is a Fortune 500, American global corporation based in Cincinnati Ohio, that manufactures a wide Ivory, a white and mildly Fragranced bar Soap, is a product of the Procter & Gamble Company It got its appeal because of its ability to float. After a fire at their first factory, Procter & Gamble moved to a new factory on the Mill Creek and began soap production again, which eventually led to the area being known as Ivorydale. ^[14]

The Tyler Davidson Fountain was dedicated in 1871 to Cincinnati by Henry Probasco and is a symbol for the city and the region. The Tyler Davidson Fountain is a Statue located in Cincinnati, Ohio.

Cincinnati weathered the Great Depression better than most American cities of its size, largely because of a resurgence of inexpensive river trade. The rejuvenation of downtown began in the 1920s and continued into the next decade with the construction of Union Terminal, the post office, and a large Bell Telephone building. The flood of 1937 was one of the worst in the nation's history, resulting in the building of protective flood walls. After World War II, Cincinnati unveiled a master plan for urban renewal that resulted in modernization of the inner city. Riverfront Stadium and Riverfront Coliseum were completed in the 1970s, as the Cincinnati Reds baseball team emerged as one of the dominant teams of the decade. The Cincinnati Reds are a Major League Baseball team based in Cincinnati Ohio, USA In December 1979, eleven people were killed in a mass panic prior to a rock-and-roll concert at the Coliseum by the band The Who. The Who are an English rock band formed in 1964. The primary lineup consisted of guitarist Pete Townshend In 1989, the 200th anniversary of the city's founding, much attention was focused on the city's Year 2000 plan, which involved further revitalization.

The completion of several major new development projects enhance the city as it enters the early years of the new millennium. Cincinnati's beloved Bengals and Reds teams both have new, state-of-the-art homes: Paul Brown Stadium, opened in 2000; and the Great American Ball Park, opened in 2003, respectively. Paul Brown Stadium is a football Stadium located in Cincinnati, Ohio. Great American Ball Park is the home of Major League Baseball's Cincinnati Reds. Two new museums have opened: the Rosenthal Center for Contemporary Art in 2003, and the National Underground Railroad Freedom Center in 2004. The Contemporary Arts Center (CAC in Cincinnati Ohio chose to honor two of its major donors by naming its new home For the facility at the World Trade Center in New York which was proposed and withdrawn see International Freedom Center The National Underground Railroad Freedom Center With many delays and political setbacks, the City of Cincinnati and Hamilton County are currently planning The Banks--a 24-hour urban neighborhood of restaurants, clubs, offices, and homes with sweeping skyline views, along the city's riverfront. The Banks is the name given to the current mixed-use project being developed on the land between the Paul Brown Stadium and the Great American Ballpark along Cincinnati has received such accolades as "Most Liveable City" (1993), Partners for Livable Communities, April 2004; number five U. S. arts destination, American Style Magazine, Summer 2004; was the highest rated city in Ohio for "Best Cities For Young Professionals" and 18th overall, Forbes Magazine, June 2007[2]; and inclusion in the top ten "Cities that Rock," Esquire Magazine, April 2004. ^[15]

Geography

Cincinnati is located at 39°8′10″N, 84°30′11″W (39. 136160, -84. 503088)^[16], with a core metro area spanning parts of Southern Ohio and Northern Kentucky.

Regions of Kentucky, with the bluegrass region in green and light green.

Physical geography of Ohio, with the bluegrass region in yellow. Ohio ( is a Midwestern state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region, Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 79. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census 6 square miles (206. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 1 km²), of which, 78. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 0 square miles (201. 9 km²) of it is land and 1. 6 square miles (4. 1 km²) of it (2. 01%) is water. The city spreads over a number of hills, bluffs, and low ridges overlooking the Ohio River in the Bluegrass region of the country. The Ohio River is the largest Tributary by volume of the Mississippi River. The Bluegrass Region is a region of the United States, mostly in northern Kentucky, containing a majority of the state's population Although sometimes referred to as part of the Midwest, Cincinnati is geographically located within the periphery of the Upland South. The terms Upper South and Upland South refer to the northern part of the Southern United States, in contrast to the Lower South or Deep South. The Cincinnati Northern Kentucky area is the upper point in the Golden Triangle, an area in Kentucky outlined by Cincinnati, Lexington and Louisville that accounts for most of the Kentucky economy and population growth. The Golden Triangle is an economic region in Kentucky which contains most of the state's population wealth and economic growth Lexington (officially Lexington-Fayette Urban County is the second-largest city in Kentucky and the 68th largest in the United States.

Climate

Cincinnati is located within the northern limit of the humid subtropical climate and the southern limit of the Humid continental climate zone, with average temperatures by U. Humid subtropical climate ( Köppen Cfa or Cwa) is a climate zone characterized by hot humid summers and chilly to mild winters The humid continental climate is a Climate found over large areas of land masses in the temperate regions of the mid-latitudes where there is a zone of conflict between S. standards. Summers are generally warm and humid with slightly cooler evenings. July is the warmest month, with an average high of 87°F (31°C) and an average low of 68°F (20°C). Winters are colder, with occasional snow fall. January is the coldest month, with an average high of 38°F (3°C) and an average low of 21°F (-6°C). Precipitation is fairly evenly distributed each month, averaging 41 inches of rainfall and 16 inches of snowfall annually. The highest recorded temperature was 109. 0 °F (42. 8 °C) on July 21, 1934, and the lowest recorded temperature was -25°F (-32 °C) on January 18, 1977. Events 356 BC - Herostratus sets fire to the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World Year 1934 ( MCMXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 350 - Generallus Magnentius deposes Roman Emperor Constans and proclaims himself Emperor Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays

Cityscape

Main article: Cityscape of Cincinnati, Ohio

The Carew Tower is not only the tallest building in Cincinnati, but also an example of French Art Deco. See also List of company headquarters in Cincinnati Ohio Cincinnati Ohio is home to numerous structures that are noteworthy due to their architectural characteristics Carew Tower is the tallest building in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. Art Deco was a popular international design movement from 1925 until 1939 affecting the decorative arts such as Architecture, Interior design, and Industrial

Cincinnati Museum Center .

Cincinnati is unique in design as an American city, with its focus centered around Fountain Square, Cincinnati, which then is surrounded by its tallest buildings. For other fountain squares see Fountain Square. Fountain Square is a City square in Cincinnati.

Cincinnati is home to numerous structures that are noteworthy due to their architectural characteristics or historic associations including the Carew Tower, the Scripps Center, the Ingalls Building, Cincinnati Museum Center at Union Terminal, and the Isaac M. Wise Temple. Carew Tower is the tallest building in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. The Scripps Center is a 35-story office building in downtown Cincinnati Ohio. The Ingalls Building, built in 1903 in Cincinnati Ohio, was the world's first Reinforced concrete Skyscraper. The Cincinnati Museum Center at Union Terminal, originally Cincinnati Union Terminal, is a passenger Railroad station in the Queensgate neighborhood of The Isaac M Wise Temple (formerly the Plum Street Temple) is the historic temple erected for Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise.

The city is undergoing significant changes due to an influx of new development and private investment as well as the beginning of the often-stalled Banks project. See also List of company headquarters in Cincinnati Ohio Cincinnati Ohio is home to numerous structures that are noteworthy due to their architectural characteristics The Banks is the name given to the current mixed-use project being developed on the land between the Paul Brown Stadium and the Great American Ballpark along

A new building will soon be added to the Cincinnati skyline. Queen City Square, which will be anchored by American Financial Group and the Western and Southern Financial Group, is scheduled to be open in 2011. The Great American Building at Queen City Square, currently under construction is a proposed skyscraper in Cincinnati Ohio. The building will be the tallest in Cincinnati and the third tallest in Ohio, reaching a height of 660 feet. ^[18]

Government

The city is governed by a nine-member city council, whose members are elected at large. The nine-member city council of Cincinnati Ohio is elected at-large in a single election in which each voter chooses nine candidates from the field Prior to 1924, city council was elected through a system of wards. In Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States, a ward is an Electoral district The ward system lent itself to corruption and Cincinnati was run by the Republican political machine of "Boss" Cox from the 1880s through the 1920s with a few brief interludes. A political machine is an unofficial system of a political organization based on Patronage, the Spoils system, "behind-the-scenes" control and longstanding A reform movement arose in 1923, led by another Republican, Murray Seasongood. Murray Seasongood ( October 27, 1878 - February 21, 1983) served as the Mayor of Cincinnati Ohio from 1926-1930 Seasongood eventually founded the Charter Committee, which used ballot initiatives in 1924 to eliminate the ward system and replace it with the current at-large system and also to introduce a city manager form of government. In the council-manager form of government an elected city council (typically between five and 11 people is responsible for making Policy, passing Ordinances voting Appropriations From 1924 to 1957, the council was selected by proportional representation. Proportional representation (sometimes referred to as full representation or PR is a category of electoral formula aiming at a close match between the percentage of votes Beginning in 1957, all candidates ran in a single race and the top nine vote-getters were elected (the "9-X system"). The mayor was selected by the council. In 1977 Jerry Springer, later a controversial television talk show host, was chosen to serve one year as mayor. Gerald Norman "Jerry" Springer (born February 13, 1944) is an English -born American Television personality, a former Starting in 1987, the top vote-getter in the city council election automatically became mayor. Starting in 1999, the mayor was chosen in a separate election and the city manager received a lesser role in government; these reforms were referred to as the "strong mayor" reforms. History Prior to 1925 (and since 1999 the mayor of Cincinnati Ohio was elected in a separate partisan election The Mayor-Council government system sometimes called the Mayor-Commission government system is one of two variations of Government used for the most part in modern Cincinnati politics include the participation of the Charter Party, the party with the third-longest history of winning in local elections. The Charter Party of Cincinnati Ohio, is a minor Political party.

Race relations

Main article: Race relations of Cincinnati, Ohio

The National Underground Railroad Freedom Center offers lessons on the struggle for freedom in the past, in the present, and for the future as it attempts to challenge visitors to contemplate the meaning of freedom in their own lives. Cincinnati Ohio was a border town between slave states and free states in the Union during the Civil War For the facility at the World Trade Center in New York which was proposed and withdrawn see International Freedom Center The National Underground Railroad Freedom Center

Before the Civil War, Cincinnati was a bordertown between the states that allowed slavery, such as Kentucky, and those that did not, such as Ohio. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Cincinnati and surrounding areas played a major role in Abolitionism. Abolitionism was a political movement of the 18th and 19th century which sought to make Slavery illegal particularly in the United States and British West Indies The area was a part of the Underground Railroad and was home to Harriet Beecher Stowe. The Underground Railroad was an informal network of secret routes and Safe houses used by 19th century Black slaves in the United States Harriet Beecher Stowe (June 14 1811 – July 1 1896 was an American Author and Abolitionist, whose Novel Uncle Tom's Cabin Her characters in Uncle Tom's Cabin were based on escaped slaves she met in the area. Uncle Tom's Cabin; or Life Among the Lowly is an anti- Slavery novel by American author Harriet Beecher Stowe. Levi Coffin made the Cincinnati area the center of his anti slavery efforts in 1847^[19]. Levi Coffin ( October 28, 1798 &ndash September 16, 1877) was an American Quaker, Educator, and abolitionist. Today, The National Underground Railroad Freedom Center commemorates the era at its center located at 50 East Freedom Way. For the facility at the World Trade Center in New York which was proposed and withdrawn see International Freedom Center The National Underground Railroad Freedom Center

In 2001 a series of racially charged riots occurred after the shooting death of an unarmed black male, Timothy Thomas, by police during an on foot pursuit. The 2001 Cincinnati riots were a reaction to the fatal shooting in Cincinnati of Timothy Thomas, a 19-year-old black male by Steven Roach a white police officer Timothy Thomas was a 19-year old African-American man who was fatally shot by a Cincinnati police officer in 2001

Crime

Before the riot of 2001, Cincinnati's overall crime rate was dropping dramatically and had reached its lowest point since 1992. The 2001 Cincinnati riots were a reaction to the fatal shooting in Cincinnati of Timothy Thomas, a 19-year-old black male by Steven Roach a white police officer ^[20] After the riot, violent crime increased, but is still well below the level of the 1970s. The police force "work slowdown" correlates with this increase. The 2001 Cincinnati riots were a reaction to the fatal shooting in Cincinnati of Timothy Thomas, a 19-year-old black male by Steven Roach a white police officer In 2007 though an article published in the Cincinnati Enquirer on May 30, 2007 affirmed that incidences of violent crime, including homicides, were 15. Events 1416 - The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund a supporter of Antipope John XXIII burns Jerome of Prague following Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. 3 percent lower than they had been in the first four months of 2006. Children's Hospital saw a 78 percent decrease in gunshot wounds, and University Hospital had a 17 percent drop. ^[21]

In May and June 2006, together with the Hamilton County Sheriff, the Cincinnati Police Department created a task force to crack down on crime. May 2006 was a month with thirty-one days The following events also occurred during the month This consisted of an extra twenty deputies assigned to Over-the-Rhine and helped reduce the crime rate of downtown Cincinnati by 29%. Over-the-Rhine is a neighborhood in Cincinnati This marks a dramatic decrease in crime but has not reduced the crime levels to pre-riot levels.

In the general elections on November 7, 2006, Hamilton County voters rejected a quarter-cent sales tax increase which would have been used to build a new jail system. The 2006 United States midterm elections were held on Tuesday November 7 2006. Events 1492 - The Ensisheim Meteorite the oldest Meteorite with a known date of impact strikes the Earth around noon in a Wheat Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. A sales tax is a Consumption tax charged at the Point of purchase for certain goods and services

The city has attempted to reduce gun violence in Cincinnati by using the Out of the Crossfire program at University Hospital, which is a rehabilitation program for patients with gunshot wounds. The program attempts to prevent them from falling back into the cycle of violence which many gunshot victims return to after leaving the hospital. ^[22]Mayor Mark Mallory is a member of the Mayors Against Illegal Guns Coalition^[23], a bi-partisan group with a stated goal of "making the public safer by getting illegal guns off the streets. The Mayors Against Illegal Guns Coalition is a coalition of Mayors from 225 different United States cities, with a stated goal of "making the public safer

2007 saw 68 homicides, nearly a 25% drop from 2006 in which there were 89. Part of this is due to the Out of the Crossfire and Ceasefire programs, which help gunshot victims avoid a life back on the streets after they are released from the hospital. However, this is still not lower than 2000 count of 15 homicides. ^[24]

Demographics

As of 2006, the U.S. Census estimates^[3] there were 332,252 people, 166,012 households, and 72,566 families residing in the city. The United States Census is a decennial Census mandated by the United States Constitution. The population density was 3,879. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 8. 0 people per square mile (1,498. 0/km²) with a housing density of 2,129. 2/sq mi (822. 1/km²).

The racial makeup of the city was 52. 97% White, 42. 92% Black or African American, 0. 21% Native American, 1. 55% Asian, 0. 04% Pacific Islander, 0. 63% from other races, and 1. 68% from two or more races. 1. 28% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Hispanic and Latino Americans are Americans of Hispanic or Latino descent, which comprises ancestry or origins in Hispanic America The top 5 largest ancestries include German (19. German Americans ( German: Deutschamerikaner) are citizens of the United States of Ethnic German ancestry 8%), Irish (10. Irish Americans (Gael-Mheiriceánach are citizens of the United States who can claim ancestry originating in Ireland. 4%), English (5. English Americans (occasionally known as Anglo -Americans although this may have a wider cultural meaning are Citizens of the United States whose ancestry 4%), American (4. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the 8%), Italian (3. An Italian American is an American of Italian descent and/or dual citizenship 3%).

The age distribution is 24. 5% under the age of 18, 12. 9% from 18 to 24, 31. 6% from 25 to 44, 18. 7% from 45 to 64, and 12. 3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females there were 89. 4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85. 6 males.

There were 148,095 households out of which 25. 1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 26. 6% were married couples living together, 18. NOTICE TO WOULD-BE ROMEOS ************** 6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 51. 0% were non-families. 42. 8% of all households were made up of individuals and 11. 1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2. 15 and the average family size was 3. 02.

The median income for a household in the city was $29,493, and the median income for a family was $37,543. Males had a median income of $33,063 versus $26,946 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,962. Per capita income means how much each individual receives in monetary terms of the yearly income generated in the country About 18. 2% of families and 21. 9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 32. The poverty threshold, or poverty line, is the minimum level of Income deemed necessary to achieve an adequate Standard of living in a given country 0% of those under age 18 and 14. 8% of those age 65 or over.

For several decades the Census Bureau had been reporting a steady decline in the city's population. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census But according to a story printed in The Cincinnati Enquirer on October 30, 2006, for the first time in over half a century, the U. The Cincinnati Enquirer a daily morning Newspaper, is the highest-circulation print publication in Greater Cincinnati ( Ohio) and Northern Events 637 - Antioch surrenders to the Muslim forces under Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of Iron bridge. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. S. Census Bureau has reported that the City of Cincinnati has actually gained population. Based on the new 2006 estimate of 332,252^[1], this represents an increase of over 20,000 new residents since the previously assumed population of around 308,728 in 2005. ^[27] Despite the fact that this reversal was due to an official challenge by the city however, Mayor Mark Mallory has repeatedly argued that the city's population is actually at 378,259 after a drill-drown study was performed by an independent, non-profit group based in Washington, D.C.^[28] As a result, the city has served as a posterchild for census challenges within Hamilton County, the State of Ohio, and nationwide. Mark Mallory (born April 2 1962) is an American politician of the Democratic Party who is currently serving as the mayor of Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D

The Cincinnati-Middletown-Wilmington Combined Statistical Area has a population of 2,113,011 people and is the 24th largest in the country. Middletown is an All-American City[http //wwwenquirercom/editions/2003/03/14/loc_middletownmood14 Wilmington is a city in and the County seat of Clinton County, Ohio, United States. Table of United States Combined Statistical AreasThe United States Office of Management and Budget (OMB defines micropolitan and metropolitan statistical areas. It includes the Ohio counties of Hamilton, Butler, Warren, Clermont, and Brown, as well as the Kentucky counties of Boone, Bracken, Campbell, Gallatin, Grant, Kenton, and Pendleton, and the Indiana counties of Dearborn, Franklin, and Ohio. Ohio ( is a Midwestern state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region, Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads Hamilton County is a County located in the southwest corner of the state of Ohio, United States. Butler County is a County located in the state of Ohio, United States. Warren County is a County located in the state of Ohio, United States. Clermont County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States, just east of Cincinnati. Brown County is a County located in the state of Ohio, United States. The Commonwealth of Kentucky ( is a state located in the East Central United States of America. Boone County is a County located in the US state of Kentucky. Bracken County is a County located in the US state of Kentucky. Campbell County is a County located in the US state of Kentucky. Gallatin County is a County located in the US state of Kentucky. Grant County is a County located in the US state of Kentucky. Kenton County is a County located in the Commonwealth of Kentucky, United States. Pendleton County is a County located in the US state of Kentucky. The State of Indiana ( was the 19th US state admitted into the union Dearborn County is a County located in the US state of Indiana. Franklin County is a County located in the US state of Indiana. Ohio County is a County located in the state of Indiana. In area it is the smallest county in Indiana and in 2000 it was the county in Indiana with the

By 2010, the U. S. Census Bureau expects Greater Cincinnati to grow northward through the Miami Valley and merge with Greater Dayton resulting in a combined population of nearly 3 million, and becoming the 15th most populous region in the US ^[29]. The Miami Valley, broadly refers to the land area surrounding the Great Miami River in southwest Ohio, USA, and also includes the Little Miami Mad and

Economy

Procter & Gamble is one of many corporations based in Cincinnati. Procter & Gamble Co ( P&G,) is a Fortune 500, American global corporation based in Cincinnati Ohio, that manufactures a wide

Scripps Center in downtown Cincinnati.

Cincinnati is home to major corporations such as Procter & Gamble, The Kroger Company, Sunny Delight Beverages Co, GE Aviation (suburb of Evendale), Macy's, Inc. (owner of Macy's and Bloomingdale's), Convergys, Chiquita Brands International, Great American Insurance Company, Western & Southern Financial Group, The E. W. Scripps Company, the United States Playing Card Company (enclave of Norwood), and Fifth Third Bank. Procter & Gamble Co ( P&G,) is a Fortune 500, American global corporation based in Cincinnati Ohio, that manufactures a wide The Kroger Co ( is an American Retail Supermarket chain and Parent company, founded by Bernard Henry Kroger in 1883 in Cincinnati GE Aviation, a subsidiary of General Electric, is headquartered in Evendale Ohio (a Cincinnati suburb Evendale is a village in Hamilton County, Ohio, United States. Macy's Inc ( formerly Federated Department Stores Inc, is a Department store Holding company and owner of Macy's and Bloomingdale's Macy's is a chain of mid-range American Department stores Its Flagship store in Herald Square, New York City has been billed Bloomingdale's (or Bloomie's) is a chain of upscale American Department stores owned by Macy's Inc Convergys Corporation ( is a multi-national corporation that provides relationship management solutions outsourced customer and HR management solutions consulting and professional services Chiquita Brands International Inc ( is a Cincinnati Ohio -based producer and distributor of Bananas and other Produce, under a variety of Subsidiary American Financial Group Incorporated ( is a Holding company based in Cincinnati Ohio whose primary business is insurance and investments Western & Southern Financial Group, also commonly referred to as Western & Southern, is a Cincinnati Ohio -based diversified family of Financial services The EW Scripps Company ( is an American Media conglomerate founded by Edward W The United States Playing Card Company, started in 1867, produces and distributes Playing cards including Kem, Bee, Bicycle, Norwood is the second most populous city in Hamilton County, Ohio, United States. Fifth Third Bank ( 5/3 Bank) ( is a US regional Banking Corporation, headquartered in Cincinnati Ohio. Kao Corporation's United States headquarters are in Cincinnati as well. is a Chemical and Cosmetics company headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. All in all, there are 10 Fortune 500 companies and 18 Fortune 1000 companies headquartered in the Cincinnati area. Statistically, Greater Cincinnati ranks sixth in the U. S. with 4. 98 Fortune 500 companies per million residents and fourth in the U. S. with 8. 96 Fortune 1000 companies per million residents. ^[30]

See also: List of companies in Greater Cincinnati

Education

University of Cincinnati's McMicken Hall

Main article: Education in Cincinnati

See also: List of high schools in Cincinnati, Ohio

The Cincinnati Public School district includes 16 high schools, each accepting students on a city-wide basis. This is a list of major companies and organizations in Greater Cincinnati, through corporate or subsidiary headquarters or through significant operational and employment presence near See also List of high schools in Cincinnati Ohio The Cincinnati Public School district includes 16 high schools each accepting students on a city-wide basis The Cincinnati Public Schools district includes 16 high schools each accepting students on a city-wide basis Cincinnati Public Schools (often abbreviated CPS) is Ohio 's third-largest public School district, serving a 90- square-mile (233  km² The district includes many public Montessori schools, one of which, Clark Montessori, was the first public Montessori high school established in the United States. The Montessori method is an educational method for children based on theories of Child development originated by Italian educator Maria Montessori (1870-1952 Peter H Clark Montessori Junior High and High School, usually referred to as Clark Montessori, is a junior and senior High school in Cincinnati Ohio ^[31]

The city and region is also home to a variety of other schools, both public and private. In August 2007, Cincinnati Magazine published an article rating 36 private high schools in greater Cincinnati^[32]. According to the 2000 census, the Cincinnati area has some of the highest private school attendance rates in the United States, with Hamilton County ranking second only to St. Louis County, Missouri among the country's 100 largest counties. St Louis County is a County located in the US state of Missouri. ^[33]

The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cincinnati accounts for several high schools in metro Cincinnati; ten of which are single-sex: four all-male^[34], and six all-female ^[35]. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cincinnati covers the Cincinnati metropolitan area the greater Dayton area and other communities in the The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cincinnati covers the Cincinnati metropolitan area the greater Dayton area and other communities in the Single-sex education ( SSE) is the practice of conducting Education where male and female students attend separate classes or in separate buildings Cincinnati is also home to the all-girl RITSS (Regional Institute for Torah and Secular Studies) high school, a small Orthodox Jewish institution ^[36].

Cincinnati is home to the University of Cincinnati and Xavier University, among other colleges and universities. The University of Cincinnati is a Coeducational public Research university in Cincinnati, Ohio. Xavier University is a private, Jesuit, co-educational University in the United States located in Cincinnati, Ohio. Also in the Greater Cincinnati area are Miami University (one of the original so-called "Public Ivies"), and Northern Kentucky University, among others. Miami University (colloquially and incorrectly referred to as Miami of Ohio for clarification purposes is a Coeducational Public university founded in 1809 Public Ivy is a term coined by Richard Moll in his 1985 book Public Ivys A Guide to America's best public undergraduate colleges and universities to refer to universities which

Culture

Main article: Culture in Cincinnati, Ohio

Approximately 500,000 attend Taste of Cincinnati, making Taste one of the nation's largest street festivals. This is relating to the culture of Cincinnati Ohio. Annual cultural events and fairs Scribble Jam Oktoberfest-Zinzinnati

Cincinnati is home to numerous festivals and events throughout the year, including:

• The Cincinnati Flower Show, organized by the Cincinnati Horticultural Society in late April. Cincinnati Flower Show is an annual Flower show at Cincinnati Ohio, USA. This floral event, endorsed by the Royal Horticultural Society, is staged at Lake Como at Coney Island and claims to be the biggest outdoor flower show in the United States. The Royal Horticultural Society ( RHS) was founded in 1804 in London, England as the Horticultural Society of London, and gained its present
• Oktoberfest, celebrating Cincinnati's German heritage, is the largest Octoberfest in the US. The Oktoberfest is a two-week festival held each year in Munich, Germany during late September and early October
• Thanksgiving Day Race, the sixth-oldest race in the country.
• The Taste of Cincinnati and the Jazz Festival, held during the summer months.
• The Tall Stacks Festival, held every three or four years to celebrate Cincinnati's riverboat history. Tall Stacks formally known as the Tall Stacks Music Arts and Heritage Festival is a Festival held every three or four years in the Cincinnati Ohio
• The Festival of Lights, hosted by the Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden during the year-end holiday season. The Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden, is the second-oldest Zoo in the United States and is located in Cincinnati, Ohio.
• The Cincinnati Bell/WEBN Riverfest fireworks display on Labor Day weekend, attracting annual crowds of over 400,000. The Cincinnati Riverfest is an annual tradition that has taken place since 1977.

The city plays host to numerous musical and theater operations, operates a large park system, and has a diverse dining culture. Cincinnati's Fountain Square serves as one of the cultural cornerstones of the region. For other fountain squares see Fountain Square. Fountain Square is a City square in Cincinnati.

Findlay Market, Ohio's oldest still-functioning market

Cincinnati is famous for its unique culinary delicacies. UserNrhpBot from the NRIS Database The prose may be stilted and there may be grammatical and Wikification errors "Cincinnati chili" is commonly served by several independent chains, such as Skyline Chili, Gold Star Chili, Empress Chili, Camp Washington Chili, and Dixie Chili and Deli. Cincinnati chili (or "Cincinnati-style chili" is a regional style of chili characteristically served over Spaghetti or as a coney Sauce Skyline Chili is a chain of chili Restaurants based in Cincinnati, Ohio. Gold Star Chili is a restaurant chain based in Cincinnati Ohio that sells Cincinnati chili, established in 1965 by four brothers from Jordan in the neighborhood Camp Washington Chili is a Cincinnati chili parlor founded in 1940 by Steve Andon and Fred Zannbus in the neighborhood of Camp Washington, near downtown Cincinnati Dixie Chili and Deli, originally Dixie Chili, is a chain of three Cincinnati chili restaurants located in the state of Kentucky. In addition, Goetta is a meat product popular in Cincinnati, usually eaten as a breakfast meat. Goetta is a peasant food of German origin that is popular in the greater Cincinnati. Cincinnati also has many gourmet restaurants. Until 2005, when the restaurant closed, The Maisonette carried the distinction of being Mobil Travel Guide's longest running five-star restaurant in the country. The Maisonette, now defunct was North America ’s most honored restaurant Mobil Gas Station by David Shankbonejpg|thumb|Mobil gas station East Village section of New York City]] Mobil was a major American oil company Stars are often used as symbols for classification purposes They are used by reviewers for ranking things such as movies TV shows restaurants and hotels Jean-Robert de Cavel has opened four new restaurants in the area since 2001, including Jean-Robert's at Pigall's. Cincinnati's German heritage is evidenced by the many eateries that specialize in schnitzels and hearty Bavarian cooking. German Americans ( German: Deutschamerikaner) are citizens of the United States of Ethnic German ancestry Bavaria ( German:, with an area of 70553 Km² (27241 square miles and almost 12

Findlay Market is Ohio's oldest continuously-operated public market and one of Cincinnati's most famous institutions. UserNrhpBot from the NRIS Database The prose may be stilted and there may be grammatical and Wikification errors The market is the last remaining market among the many that once served Cincinnati.

Media and music

Main article: Media in Cincinnati, Ohio

Cincinnati's Tall Stacks Festival

Cincinnati is served by The Cincinnati Enquirer, a daily newspaper. Cincinnati Ohio is served by one daily newspaper the Cincinnati Enquirer and six alternative weekly and monthly publications Tall Stacks formally known as the Tall Stacks Music Arts and Heritage Festival is a Festival held every three or four years in the Cincinnati Ohio The Cincinnati Enquirer a daily morning Newspaper, is the highest-circulation print publication in Greater Cincinnati ( Ohio) and Northern The city is home to several alternative, weekly, and monthly publications, as well as twelve television stations and many radio stations.

Movies that were filmed in part in Cincinnati include The Asphalt Jungle (open shot from the Public Landing, takes place in Cincinnati but only Boone County, KY is mentioned), Rain Man, Airborne, Grimm Reality, Little Man Tate, Milk Money, Batman Forever, Traffic, The Pride of Jesse Hallam, In Too Deep, Public Eye, The Last Late Night,^[37] and The Mighty. The Asphalt Jungle ( 1950) is a Film noir directed by John Huston. Rain Man is a 1988 dramatic film written by Barry Morrow and Ronald Bass and directed by Barry Levinson. Airborne is a 1993 comedy/drama Film starring Shane McDermott, Seth Green, Brittney Powell, Chris Conrad, Grimm Reality is a BBC Books original novel written by Simon Bucher-Jones and Kelly Hale and based on the long-running British Little Man Tate is a 1991 Motion picture which tells the story of Fred Tate a 7-year-old Child prodigy who struggles to self-actualize See also Batman Forever (score, Batman Forever (soundtrack, Batman Forever (video game, Batman Forever The Arcade Game Batman Traffic is a 2000 Crime drama Film directed by Steven Soderbergh. In Too Deep is a 1999 Thriller film, written by Michael Henry Brown and Paul Aaron and directed by Michael Rymer The Public Eye ( 1992) is an American Neo-noir film written and directed by Howard Franklin, and produced by Robert Zemeckis The Mighty is a 1998 Comedy-drama film, based on the book Freak the Mighty by Rodman Philbrick. ^[38] In addition, Wild Hogs is set, though not filmed, in Cincinnati. Wild Hogs is a 2007 Comedy Film starring Tim Allen, John Travolta, Martin Lawrence and William H ^[39]

The Cincinnati skyline was prominently featured in the opening and closing sequences of the daytime drama The Edge of Night from its start in 1956 until 1980, when it was superseded by the Los Angeles skyline; the cityscape was the stand-in for the show's setting, Monticello. The Edge of Night (or known informally as Edge or EON by fans was a long-running American television mystery series/ Soap opera produced by Procter Procter & Gamble, the show's producer, is based in Cincinnati. The sitcom WKRP in Cincinnati featured the city's skyline in its credits, as well as obviously being set, though not shot in, Cincinnati. WKRP in Cincinnati ( 1978 &ndash 1982) is an American Situation comedy that featured the misadventures of the staff of a struggling The city's skyline has also appeared in an April Fool's episode of The Drew Carey Show, which was set in Carey's hometown of Cleveland. This article is about the informal holiday For other uses see April Fool. The Drew Carey Show is an American Sitcom (set in Cleveland Ohio) that aired on ABC from 1995 to 2004

WCPO: One of the local television channels

Cincinnati gave rise to many popular bands and musicians, including The Isley Brothers, James Brown, Mood, Calloway, The Afghan Whigs, Over the Rhine (which traces its roots to Cincinnati's Over-the-Rhine district), Bootsy Collins, Blessid Union of Souls, 98 Degrees, The Greenhornes, The National, and Heartless Bastards. The Isley Brothers (ˈaɪzliː are a Grammy-winning American R&B / soul group James Joseph Brown Jr (May 3 1933 – December 25 2006 commonly referred to as "The Godfather of Soul" the "King of Funk" and "The Mood is a Hip hop group based in Cincinnati Ohio, composed of rappers Main Flow Donte and producer Jahson Calloway was a Pop music group comprising Reginald Calloway (born 23 January 1955, Cincinnati, Ohio) and Vincent Calloway (born The Afghan Whigs were a soul -influenced American rock band from Cincinnati, Ohio. Over the Rhine is an Ohio -based musical band, the core of which is the husband-and-wife team of bassist/pianist/guitarist Over-the-Rhine is a neighborhood in Cincinnati William "Bootsy" Collins (born October 26, 1951 in Cincinnati, Ohio) is a Funk Bassist, Singer This article is about the band For their self-titled album see Blessid Union of Souls (album. The Greenhornes are a Garage rock revival band from Cincinnati, Ohio. The National is a Brooklyn -based Indie rock band formed in 1999, by friends from Cincinnati Ohio. The Heartless Bastards, formed in Dayton, Ohio in 2003, is a Garage rock band In addition, many other bands and musicians call the Greater Cincinnati region their home, including Adrian Belew, Peter Frampton and alternative Hip Hop DJ, DJ Hi-Tek, who is one half of Reflection Eternal. The Cincinnati / Northern Kentucky metropolitan area is a Metropolitan area that includes 15 counties in the U Adrian Belew (born Robert Steven Belew, December 23, 1949, in Covington, Kentucky) is an American Guitarist Peter Kenneth Frampton (born 22 April 1950 in Beckenham, Kent) is an English Musician, best known today for his solo Tony Cottrell, better known as Hi-Tek, is an American Rapper and Record producer from Cincinnati Ohio. Reflection Eternal is a hip hop duo composed by rapper Talib Kweli and DJ Hi-Tek.

3 Doors Down's music video "It's Not My Time" was filmed in Cincinnati showing parts of the skyline as well as Fountain Square. 3 Doors Down is an American rock band formed in 1994 in by Brad Arnold ( Vocals and drums) Matt Roberts ( Guitar

Cincinnati is also home to the region's only non-profit for the experimental and noise arts, Art Damage Inc as well as the broadcasting home of The Future of Rock& Roll, woxy.com. WOXYcom, " The Future of Rock & Roll," is an alternative, independent, and freeform Rock and roll Radio station

The Cincinnati May Festival Chorus is a prestigious amateur choir that has been in existence since 1880. Music Director James Conlon and Chorus Director Robert Porco lead the Chorus through an extensive repertoire of classical music. The May Festival Chorus is the mainstay of the oldest continuous choral festival in the Western Hemisphere. Cincinnati's Music Hall was built specifically to house the May Festival.

Cincinnati is home to the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra, Cincinnati Opera, Cincinnati Boychoir and Cincinnati Ballet. As the fifth-oldest orchestra in the United States, the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra ( CSO) has a legacy of fine music making as reflected in its performances The Cincinnati Opera is a world-class Opera company in the US The Cincinnati Ballet is a ballet company founded in 1958 in Cincinnati, United States. The Greater Cincinnati area is also home to several regional orchestras and youth orchestras, including the Starling Chamber Orchestra.

Sports

A Cincinnati Reds baseball game at Great American Ball Park.

Main article: Sports in Cincinnati, Ohio

Cincinnati has seven major sports venues, two major league teams, six minor league teams, and five college institutions with their own sports teams. Cincinnati Ohio is home to seven major sports venues two major league teams ten minor league teams and hosts five college institutions with their own sports teams It is home to baseball's Reds, who were named for America's first professional baseball team, the Cincinnati Red Stockings[3][4][5]; the Bengals of the National Football League; and the historic international men's and women's tennis tournament, The A. The Cincinnati Reds are a Major League Baseball team based in Cincinnati Ohio, USA The Cincinnati Red Stockings of 1869 were Baseball 's first openly all-professional team The Cincinnati Bengals are a professional American football team based in Cincinnati, Ohio. T. P. Masters Series Cincinnati Masters. The Cincinnati Masters is an annual Tennis event held in the Cincinnati suburb of Mason, Ohio, USA. It is also home to three professional soccer teams, two outdoor teams, the Cincinnati Kings (men's) and Cincinnati LadyHawks (women's), and one indoor team, the Cincinnati Excite (men's). Major League Lacrosse has announced that Cincinnati is in the running for one of the two expansion teams that will start play in 2008. Major League Lacrosse is a professional outdoor Lacrosse league that is made up of teams within the United States.

Fans often refer to the city and its teams as "Cincy" for short. Even the Reds' official website uses that name frequently. [6]

Transportation

Cincinnati-Northern Kentucky International Airport (CVG) is the major airport serving the metropolitan area and is located across the river in Kentucky. The Cincinnati Reds are a Major League Baseball team based in Cincinnati Ohio, USA Baseball is a Bat-and-ball Sport played between two teams of nine players each Year 1882 ( MDCCCLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The National League of Professional Baseball Clubs, or simply the National League ( NL) is the older of two leagues constituting Major League Baseball Great American Ball Park is the home of Major League Baseball's Cincinnati Reds. The Cincinnati Bengals are a professional American football team based in Cincinnati, Ohio. American football, known in the United States and Canada simply as football, is a competitive Team sport known for mixing strategy with Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The National Football League ( NFL) is the largest professional American football league. Paul Brown Stadium is a football Stadium located in Cincinnati, Ohio. The Cincinnati Cyclones are a professional hockey team based in Cincinnati Ohio. Ice hockey, often referred to simply as hockey, is a team Sport played on Ice. Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) The ECHL (formerly the East Coast Hockey League) is a Professional Ice hockey league based in Princeton New Jersey, with teams scattered US Bank Arena (known originally as the Riverfront Coliseum, and known later as The Crown and the Firstar Center) is an indoor arena located Cincinnati Kings are an American Soccer team founded in 2005. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. History In 1995 the USISL split into two leagues one professional and one amateur The Florence Freedom is a professional baseball team based in the Northern Kentucky city of Florence, in the United States. Baseball is a Bat-and-ball Sport played between two teams of nine players each Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) The Frontier League, based in Troy Illinois, is a professional independent baseball organization located in the Midwestern United States and Champion Window Field is a stadium in Florence Kentucky. It is primarily used for Baseball, and is the home field of both the Florence Freedom Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport is located in Hebron, unincorporated Boone County, Kentucky, United States and serves the An airport is a location where Aircraft such as airplanes, Helicopters and blimps take off and land The Commonwealth of Kentucky ( is a state located in the East Central United States of America. The airport is the second largest hub for Delta and the largest for its subsidiary, Comair. Delta Air Lines Inc ( is a United States Airline based and headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. Comair is a wholly owned subsidiary of Delta Air Lines based in Erlanger Kentucky, USA, a city near the Cincinnati-Northern Kentucky International The city has three other airports; Lunken Airport, a municipal airfield used for smaller business jets and private planes; a smaller airport, Cincinnati West Airport, is located in Harrison, Ohio; and lastly the Blue Ash Airport, in Blue Ash. Cincinnati Municipal Airport – Lunken Field, also known as Cincinnati Municipal Lunken Airport, Lunken Airport, or Lunken Field, is a public Harrison is a city in Hamilton County, Ohio, United States. The population was 7487 at the 2000 census. Blue Ash Airport, also known as Cincinnati-Blue Ash Airport, is a public Airport located in the city of Blue Ash in Hamilton County, Blue Ash is a city in Hamilton County, Ohio, United States, just outside Cincinnati. ^[40]

Government Square is Cincinnati's main Metro station.

The Daniel Carter Beard Bridge is more commonly called the "Big Mac" bridge because of its resemblance to McDonald's iconic arches. The Daniel Carter Beard Bridge is a twin span steel Tied-arch bridge crossing the Ohio River in Cincinnati Ohio.

Cincinnati is served by the Metro city passenger bus system, operated by the Southwest Ohio Regional Transit Authority (SORTA). Southwest Ohio Regional Transit Authority (abbreviated SORTA) is the Public transport agency serving Cincinnati Ohio and its suburbs The Transit Authority of Northern Kentucky (TANK) serves Northern Kentucky and operates bus links in Cincinnati at Metro's main Government Square hub. The Transit Authority of Northern Kentucky, known commonly by the Acronym TANK is the Public transit system serving the Northern Kentucky suburbs of There is also rail service by Amtrak with ticket offices and boarding stations at Cincinnati Union Terminal. The National Railroad Passenger Corporation, Doing business as Amtrak, is a Government-owned corporation that was organized on May 1, 1971 The Cincinnati Museum Center at Union Terminal, originally Cincinnati Union Terminal, is a passenger Railroad station in the Queensgate neighborhood of Of the several railroad freight services serving the city, the largest is provided by CSX Transportation which operates a railroad yard west of Interstate 75. Interstate 75 (I-75 is a major north-south Interstate Highway in the midwest and southeastern United States.

The city has a river ferry and many bridges. The Anderson Ferry has been in continuous operation since 1817. The Anderson Ferry has been in continuous operation since 1817 on the Ohio River. ^[41] Cincinnati’s major bridges include:

• The Newport Southbank Bridge (a. The Newport Southbank Bridge (popularly known as the Purple People Bridge after the Sheb Wooley song Purple People Eater) stretches 2670 k. a. the Purple People Bridge because of its status as a pedestrian-only bridge as well as its color)
• The John A. Roebling Suspension Bridge Opened in 1866, this bridge was the prototype for the Brooklyn Bridge, also designed by Roebling. The John A Roebling Suspension Bridge spans the Ohio River between Cincinnati Ohio and Covington Kentucky. The Brooklyn Bridge, one of the oldest Suspension bridges in the United States, stretches 5989 feet (1825 m over the East River connecting the
• The Daniel Carter Beard Bridge
• The Brent Spence Bridge
• The Clay Wade Bailey Bridge. The Daniel Carter Beard Bridge is a twin span steel Tied-arch bridge crossing the Ohio River in Cincinnati Ohio. The Brent Spence Bridge is a double decker Cantilever Truss bridge that carries Interstates 71 and 75 between Cincinnati Ohio and The Clay Wade Bailey Bridge is a Cantilever bridge carrying U

Cincinnati is served by three major interstate highways. The Dwight D Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways, commonly called the Interstate Highway System (or simply the Interstate System) Interstate 75 is a north-south route through the Mill Creek valley. Interstate 75 (I-75 is a major north-south Interstate Highway in the midwest and southeastern United States. The Mill Creek is a stream in southwest Ohio. It flows 26 miles southwest and south from its headwaters in Liberty Township of Butler County through central Interstate 71 runs northeast towards Mount Adams and Walnut Hills. Interstate 71 (I-71 is an Interstate Highway in the Great Lakes/Midwestern region of the United States. Mt Adams is a geographic landmark and residential neighborhood of Cincinnati Ohio, located directly east of downtown Cincinnati south of Walnut Hills, south-west Interstate 74 begins at Interstate 75 west of downtown and connects to Indiana. Interstate 74 (abbreviated I-74) is an Interstate highway in the Midwestern and Southeastern United States. Interstate 75 (I-75 is a major north-south Interstate Highway in the midwest and southeastern United States. The State of Indiana ( was the 19th US state admitted into the union

The city has an outer-belt, Interstate 275, and a spur to Kentucky, Interstate 471. The Commonwealth of Kentucky ( is a state located in the East Central United States of America. Interstate 471 ( I-471) is a 575 mile (925 km long United States Interstate highway, linking Interstate 71 in downtown Cincinnati It is also served by numerous U. S. highways: US 22, US 27, US 42, US 50, US 52, and US 127. US Route 22 ( US 22) is a west-east route and is one of the original United States highways of 1926 US Route 27 ( US 27) is a north-south United States highway in the southern and midwestern United States. Route description Kentucky US 42 crosses into Covington Kentucky on the Clay Wade Bailey Bridge, joined with U US Route 50 is a major east-west route of the US Highway system, stretching just over 3000 miles (4800 km from Ocean City Maryland on the Atlantic Ocean US Route 52 is a United States highway that runs across the northern eastern and southeastern regions of the United States. US Route 127 is a 758 mile (1220 km long north-south United States highway in the eastern half of the United States

Cincinnati has an incomplete subway system. The Cincinnati Subway is a set of unused Tunnels and stations for a Rapid transit system beneath the streets of Cincinnati Ohio. It was abandoned in 1925 before completion due to cost overruns and is now used as a conduit for fiber optic and water lines. There have been several attempts by SORTA to utilize the subways for a modern light-rail system within Hamilton County. Southwest Ohio Regional Transit Authority (abbreviated SORTA) is the Public transport agency serving Cincinnati Ohio and its suburbs All of these initiatives have thus far failed when placed on the ballot, with the most recent (a $2. 8 billion plan) failing 2 to 1 in 2002.

There have been numerous attempts over the past decade^{[42] [43]} to build commuter rail from Milford (in nearby Clermont County) to the Downtown Transit Center in Cincinnati. The most recent of these began gaining support in early July 2007. The $411 million plan currently calls for using and upgrading existing rail lines and new diesel cars called DMUs (diesel multiple units). A diesel multiple unit or DMU is a Multiple unit train consisting of multiple carriages powered by one or more on-board Diesel ^[44] Cincinnati is also currently planning a streetcar line to connect Downtown, Over-the-Rhine and the area around the University of Cincinnati. Over-the-Rhine is a neighborhood in Cincinnati The University of Cincinnati is a Coeducational public Research university in Cincinnati, Ohio. [7] An initial study conducted by Omaha-based HDR Engineers was completed on May 31, 2007 and estimated the cost to be around $100 million dollars. Events 1279 BC - Rameses II (The Great (19th dynasty becomes pharaoh of Ancient Egypt. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The first line connecting Over-the-Rhine to the Banks is expected to be ready by 2009 and is expected to spur the establishment of 1,200 to 3,400 new households resulting in $1. 4 billion in redeveloped property, $34 million in new tax income for the city per year, and $17 million in new retail spending. ^[45]

Sister cities

Cincinnati has nine sister cities:^[46]

See also

• The Banks
• Cincinnati nicknames
• Cincinnati Communities
• Cincinnati Flower Show
• List of people from Cincinnati
• List of Cincinnati neighborhoods
• List of mayors of Cincinnati, Ohio
• Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
• P.A. Deny (ship)

References

External links

• Cincinnati travel guide from Wikitravel
• Official Cincinnati, Ohio web-site
• Greater Cincinnati Convention & Visitors Bureau
• Cincinnati USA: Official Visitors and Tourist Site
• Northern Cincinnati Convention & Visitors Bureau
• Photo Gallery of Cincinnati images, including Skyline & Neighborhoods
• Cincy: The Magazine for Business Professionals
• Cincinnati Magazine