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For other uses, see Cimon (disambiguation).
Cimon
c. 510–450 BC
Place of birth Athens
Place of death Salamis, Cyprus
Allegiance Athens
Rank Strategos (=general)
Battles/wars Battle of Salamis

Battle of Salamis (in Cyprus)
Persian Wars
Most important geographical locations during Cimon's life.
Most important geographical locations during Cimon's life. Events and trends 519 BC — Zhou Jing Wang becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China. Events By place Greece Athenian General Cimon sails to Cyprus with two hundred Triremes of the Athens (ˈæθənz Αθήνα Athina,) the Capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery as one of the world's Salamis was an ancient City-state on the east coast of Cyprus, at the mouth of the river Pedieos 6 km north of modern Famagusta. Cyprus (Κύπρος transliterated: Kýpros,; Kıbrıs officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία Kypriakī́ Dīmokratía For the board game see Stratego. "Strategus" redirects here The Battle of Salamis ( Ancient Greek:) was a decisive naval battle between the Greek City-states and Persia in September 480 BC in the The Battle of Salamis took place around 450 BC near Salamis in Cyprus.
Timeline
Timeline

Cimon (in Greek, Κίμων — Kimōn) (510, Athens - 450 BC, Citium, Cyprus), was an Athenian statesman, strategos and a major political figure in mid-5th century BC Greece. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly Events and trends 519 BC — Zhou Jing Wang becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China. Athens (ˈæθənz Αθήνα Athina,) the Capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery as one of the world's Events By place Greece Athenian General Cimon sails to Cyprus with two hundred Triremes of the Larnaca, ( Greek: Λάρνακα, Turkish: Larnaka) is a City of the Republic of Cyprus situated on the southern coast Cyprus (Κύπρος transliterated: Kýpros,; Kıbrıs officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία Kypriakī́ Dīmokratía The History of Athens is one of the longest of any city in Europe and in the world For the board game see Stratego. "Strategus" redirects here Cimon played a key role in creating the powerful Athenian maritime empire following the failure of the Persia invasion of Greece by Xerxes I (480 BC). The Delian League was an association of approximately 150 5th-century BC Greek City-states under the leadership of Athens, whose purpose was to continue The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia Xerxes I of Persia was a King of Persia (reigned 485–465 BC of the Achaemenid dynasty. Cimon became a celebrated military hero, fighting at the Battle of Salamis. The Battle of Salamis ( Ancient Greek:) was a decisive naval battle between the Greek City-states and Persia in September 480 BC in the After this battle, Cimon was elevated to the rank of admiral.

One of Cimon’s greatest exploits was his destruction of a Persian fleet and army at the Strymon River in 466 BC. Strymon redirects here For the Strymon Gulf see Strymonian Gulf. Events By place Greece Kimon carries the war against Persia into Asia Minor and wins the Battle of the Eurymedon He was heavily involved in Athenian and Greek politics. In 462 BC he led an unsuccessful expedition to support the Spartans during the helot uprisings. Events By place Greece The Spartans try to conquer the mountain stronghold of Mt Ithome in Messenia, where a large The city of Sparta ( Doric Σπάρτα Attic Σπάρτη The helots (in Classical Greek / Heílôtes) were an unfree population group that formed the As a result, he was dismissed and ostracized in 461 BC. Ostracism ( ostrakismos) was a procedure under the Athenian democracy in which a prominent Citizen could be expelled from the City-state Events By place Greece In Athens, Ephialtes and Pericles finally get agreement to the Ostracism of However, he was recalled from exile before the end of his ten year ostracism to broker a five year peace treaty in 451 BC between Sparta and Athens. Events By place Greece The Persian fleet moves against a rebellious Cyprus to restore order Cimon led the Athenian aristocratic party against Pericles. Pericles (also spelled Perikles) (c 495 – 429 BC Greek:, meaning "surrounded by glory" was a prominent and influential Statesman, orator Cimon opposed the democratic revolution of Ephialtes seeking to retain aristocratic party control over Athenian institutions. Ephialtes ( Greek:, Ephialtēs) was an ancient Athenian politician and an early leader of the democratic movement there

Contents

Early years

Cimon was born in Athens in 510 BC. Athens (ˈæθənz Αθήνα Athina,) the Capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery as one of the world's Events and trends 519 BC — Zhou Jing Wang becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China. He was of noble birth (his father was the celebrated Athenian general Miltiades and his mother was Hegesipyle, daughter of the Thracian king Olorus and a relative of the historian Thucydides). Miltiades the Younger ( Greek: Μιλτιάδης ὁ Νεὠτερος c TRACE ( Transition Region and Coronal Explorer) is a NASA space telescope designed to investigate the connections between fine-scale magnetic fields and Olorus was the name of a king of Thrace. His daughter Hegesipyle married the Athenian Statesman and General Miltiades, who defeated Thucydides ( C 460 BC &ndash C 395 BC) ( Greek Θουκυδίδης Thoukydídēs) was a Greek

While he was a young man, his father, Miltiades, was fined 50 talents after an accusation of treason by the Athenian state. The talent ( Latin: talentum, from Ancient Greek: "scale balance" is an ancient unit of Mass. As Miltiades could not afford to pay the fine, he was jailed where he died in 489 BC. Events By place Greece After his great victory in the Battle of Marathon, Miltiades leads a naval expedition Cimon inherited his father’s debt and also had to look after his sister Elpinice. According to Plutarch, the wealthy Callias took advantage of this situation, proposing that he would pay the sum if Elpinice would marry him. In response, Cimon agreed to betroth his sister to him. [1][2][3]

Marriage

Later he married Isodice, Megacles' granddaughter, and a member of the important Athenian family, the Alcmaeonidae. Megacles (Μεγακλῆς was the name of several notable men of ancient Athens: 1 Their first children were twin boys and they were named Lacedaemonius (who would become an Athenian commander) and Eleus. The third son was Thessalus (who would become a politician).

Military Career

During the Battle of Salamis, Cimon distinguished himself by his bravery. The Battle of Salamis ( Ancient Greek:) was a decisive naval battle between the Greek City-states and Persia in September 480 BC in the He is mentioned as being a member of an embassy sent to Sparta in 479 BC. Events By place Greece The Persian commander Mardonius, now based in Thessaly, wins support

Between 478 BC and 476 BC, a number of Greek maritime cities around the Aegean Sea no longer wished to be under Spartan control and at Delos offer their allegiance, through Aristides, to Athens. Events By place Greece Despite Spartan opposition Athens is refortified as well as rebuilt after the Events By place Greece Convicted in Sparta on the charge of accepting a bribe from the Aleudae family whilst leading Aristides or Aristeides ( Greek, 530–468 BC was an Athenian soldier and statesman They form the Delian League (also know as the Confederacy of Delos) and it is agreed that Cimon will be their principal commander. The Delian League was an association of approximately 150 5th-century BC Greek City-states under the leadership of Athens, whose purpose was to continue [4] Until 463 BC, as strategos of the Laegue, Cimon commanded most of the League’s operations. Events By Place Greece In Athens, the democratic statesman Ephialtes and the young Pericles attempt to get the oligarchic For the board game see Stratego. "Strategus" redirects here During this period, he and Aristides drove the Spartans under Pausanias out of Byzantium, he captured Eion on the Strymon from the Persian general Boges and conquered Scyros. This article is about the city See also Byzantine Empire. Byzantium ( Greek: Βυζάντιον Latin: la BYZANTIVM

With the League’s capture of Scyros, he was able to drive out the pirates who used that town as their base and he then established an Athenian colony at the location with 10,000 settlers. The new colony was called Amphipolis. Amphipolis (Ἀμφίπολις &ndash Amphípolis) was an ancient Greek city in the region once inhabited by the Edoni people [1][5]. On his return, he brought “bones” of mythological Theseus back to Athens. For other uses see Theseus (disambiguation Theseus (Θησεύς was a Legendary king of Athens, son of Aethra, and fathered To celebrate this achievement, three Herma statues were erected around Athens. For the piano piece by Iannis Xenakis see Herma (Xenakis. In ancient Greece, before his role as protector of merchants and travelers [1]

Battle of the Eurymedon

Around 466 BC Cimon carried the war against Persia into Asia Minor and won the Battle of the Eurymedon on the Strymon River in Pamphylia. Events By place Greece Kimon carries the war against Persia into Asia Minor and wins the Battle of the Eurymedon The naval Battle of the Eurymedon took place in 466 BC on the Eurymedon River in Pamphylia in Asia Minor, and was fought between the Athenian Strymon redirects here For the Strymon Gulf see Strymonian Gulf. Origins of the Pamphylians There can be little doubt that the Pamphylians and Pisidians were the same people though the former had received colonies from Greece and other This was a decisive defeat of the Persians as Cimon's land and sea forces captured the Persian camp and destroyed or captured the entire Persian fleet of 200 triremes (manned by Phoenicians). Trireme ( τριήρης sing τριήρεις pl triremis sing Phoenicia ( Phoenician: Phoenician nunsvg|12px|נ]]Phoenician nun Many new allies of Athens were then able to be recruited by Athens into the Delian League, such as the trading city of Phaselis on the Lycian-Pamphylian border. Phaselis is an ancient Lycian city in the province of Antalya in Turkey. "Sidyma" redirects here For the Moth Genus named thus see Sidyma (moth.

There is a view amongst some historians that while in Asia Minor. Cimon negotiated a peace between the League and the Persians after his victory at the Battle of the Eurymedon. This may help to explain why the Peace of Callias negotiated by his brother-in-law in 450 BC is sometimes called the Peace of Cimon as Callias’ efforts may have led to a renewal of the Cimon’s earlier treaty. Events By place Greece Athenian General Cimon sails to Cyprus with two hundred Triremes of the He had served Athens well during the Persian Wars and according to Plutarch: "In all the qualities that war demands he was fully the equal of Themistocles and his own father Miltiades". Lucius Mestrius Plutarchus ( Greek: Μέστριος Πλούταρχος c [1][4]

Thracian Chersonesus

After his successes in Asia Minor, Cimon moved to the Thracian Chersonesus. There he subdued the local tribes and between 465 BC and 463 BC he ended the revolt of the Thasians. Thasos had revolted from the Delian League over rivalry over trade with the Thracian hinterland and, in particular, over the ownership of a gold mine. Athens under Cimon laid siege to Thasos after the Athenian fleet defeated the Thasos fleet. These actions earned him the enmity of the Stesimbrotus of Thasos (a source used by Plutarch in his writings about this period in Greek history). Stesimbrotos of Thasos (c 470 BC &ndash c 420 BC doubtless raised at Thasos, was a Sophist, a Rhapsode and logographer, a writer on Lucius Mestrius Plutarchus ( Greek: Μέστριος Πλούταρχος c

Trial for Bribery

Despite these successes, he was prosecuted by Pericles for allegedly accepting bribes from Alexander I of Macedon. Pericles (also spelled Perikles) (c 495 – 429 BC Greek:, meaning "surrounded by glory" was a prominent and influential Statesman, orator Alexander I (Ἀλέξανδρος ὁ Μακεδών was ruler of Macedon from 498 BC to 454 BC During the trial, Cimon said: "Never, I have been an Athenian consul, to any rich kingdom. Instead, I was proud, attending the Spartans, from whom I have always imitated their frugal culture. This proves that I don't desire personal wealth. Rather, I love enriching our nation, with the booty of our victories. " As a result, Elpinice convinced Pericles not to be too harsh in his criticism of her brother. Cimon was in the end acquitted. [1]

Helot Revolt in Sparta

In 462 BC, Cimon sought the support of Athens’ citizens to providing help to Sparta. Events By place Greece The Spartans try to conquer the mountain stronghold of Mt Ithome in Messenia, where a large Although Ephialtes maintained that Sparta was Athens' rival for power and should be left to fend for itself, Cimon's view prevailed. Ephialtes ( Greek:, Ephialtēs) was an ancient Athenian politician and an early leader of the democratic movement there Cimon then led 4,000 hoplites to Mt. The word hoplite ( Greek: hoplitēs; pl hoplitai) derives from hoplon ( plural hopla) meaning an item of armour or equipment thus 'hoplite' Ithome to help the Spartan aristocracy deal with a major revolt by its helots. The helots (in Classical Greek / Heílôtes) were an unfree population group that formed the However, this expedition ended in humiliation for Cimon and for Athens when, after an attempt to storm Mt. Ithome failed, the Spartans sent Cimon and his army back on suspicion of “revolutionary tendencies”.

Exile

This insulting rebuff caused the collapse of Cimon's popularity at Athens. As a result, in 461 BC Ephialtes and Pericles were able to get agreement that Cimon be ostracised for ten years. Events By place Greece In Athens, Ephialtes and Pericles finally get agreement to the Ostracism of Ephialtes ( Greek:, Ephialtēs) was an ancient Athenian politician and an early leader of the democratic movement there Pericles (also spelled Perikles) (c 495 – 429 BC Greek:, meaning "surrounded by glory" was a prominent and influential Statesman, orator Ostracism ( ostrakismos) was a procedure under the Athenian democracy in which a prominent Citizen could be expelled from the City-state With Cimon’s departure, the reformer Ephialtes took the lead in running Athens. Ephialtes, with the support of Pericles, reduced the power of the Athenian Council of Areopagus (filled with ex-archons and so a stronghold of oligarchy) and transferred them to the people, i. This article concerns the place where a classical judicial body met Archon (Gr ἄρχων pl ἄρχοντες is a Greek word that means "ruler" frequently used as the title of a specific public office Oligarchy' ( Greek, Oligarkhía) is a Form of government where Political power effectively rests with a small elite segment e. the Council of Five Hundred, the Assembly and the popular law courts. The Council of Five Hundred ( Conseil des Cinq-Cents) or simply the Five Hundred was the Lower house of the legislature of France Some of Cimon’s policies were reversed including his pro-Spartan policy and his attempts at peace with Persia.

In 458 BC, Cimon sought to return to Athens to assist it in its fight against Sparta at Tanagra but was rebuffed. Events By place Greece Pleistoanax succeeds his father Pleistarchus as king of Sparta. The Tanager Genus Tangara is often misunderstood to be "Tanagra"

Return to Athens

Eventually, around 451 BC, Cimon is able to return to Athens. Events By place Greece The Persian fleet moves against a rebellious Cyprus to restore order While not allowed to return to the level of power he once enjoyed, he was able to negotiate on Athens’ behalf a five year truce with the Spartans. With a Persian fleet moving against a rebellious Cyprus, Cimon, proposed an expedition to help Cyprus. Cyprus (Κύπρος transliterated: Kýpros,; Kıbrıs officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία Kypriakī́ Dīmokratía He gained Pericles' support. So Cimon sailed to Cyprus with two hundred triremes of the Delian League. From there, he sent sixty ships to Egypt to help the Egyptians under Amyrtaeus, who were fighting the Persians in the Nile Delta. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. Amyrtaeus (or Amenirdisu) of Sais is the only king of the Twenty-eighth dynasty of Egypt and is thought to be related to the royal family of the The Nile Delta ( Arabic: دلتا النيل) is the delta formed in Northern Egypt ( Lower Egypt) where the Nile River spreads Cimon used the remaining ships to aid the uprising of the Cypriot Greek city-states.

Cyprus and Death of Cimon

Cimon laid siege to the Persian stronghold of Citium on the south west coast of Cyprus. Larnaca, ( Greek: Λάρνακα, Turkish: Larnaka) is a City of the Republic of Cyprus situated on the southern coast However, the siege failed with Cyprus remaining under Phoenician (and Persian) control. Cyprus (Κύπρος transliterated: Kýpros,; Kıbrıs officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία Kypriakī́ Dīmokratía It is during the siege that Cimon died or is killed. He was buried in Athens where a monument was erected in his memory.


External links

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e Plutarch, Lives. Pericles (also spelled Perikles) (c 495 – 429 BC Greek:, meaning "surrounded by glory" was a prominent and influential Statesman, orator Aristides or Aristeides ( Greek, 530–468 BC was an Athenian soldier and statesman Themistocles ( Greek:; c 524&ndash459 BC was an Athenian soldier and statesman The Battle of Salamis ( Ancient Greek:) was a decisive naval battle between the Greek City-states and Persia in September 480 BC in the The Amphictyonic League ( Amphictyony) was a form of Greek religious organization that was enjoined to support specific temples or sacred places and For other uses see Theseus (disambiguation Theseus (Θησεύς was a Legendary king of Athens, son of Aethra, and fathered Long Walls ( Μακρά Τείχη) in Ancient Greece, were walls built from a city to its port providing a secure connection to the sea even during times of siege Ostracism ( ostrakismos) was a procedure under the Athenian democracy in which a prominent Citizen could be expelled from the City-state The Battle of Salamis took place around 450 BC near Salamis in Cyprus. Lucius Mestrius Plutarchus ( Greek: Μέστριος Πλούταρχος c Life of Cimon. (University of Calgary/Wikisource)
  2. ^ Cornelius Nepos, Lives of Eminent Commanders
  3. ^ Plutarch, Lives. Cornelius Nepos (Κορνήλιος Νέπως in Ancient Greek literature (c Lucius Mestrius Plutarchus ( Greek: Μέστριος Πλούταρχος c Life of Themistocles. (University of Massachusetts/Wikisource)
  4. ^ a b Thucydides, The History of the Peloponnesian War.
  5. ^ Herodotus, The History of Herodotus.
Thucydides ( C 460 BC &ndash C 395 BC) ( Greek Θουκυδίδης Thoukydídēs) was a Greek Herodotus of Halicarnassus ( Greek: Hēródotos Halikarnāsseús) was a Greek Historian who lived in the 5th century BC ( 484 BC&ndash
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