Chyme is the semifluid mass of partly digested food expelled by the stomach into the duodenum. [1]
Also known as Chymus, is the liquid substance found in the stomach before passing through the pyloric valve and entering the duodenum. In Human anatomy, the stomach is a J-shaped hollow muscular organ of the Gastrointestinal tract involved in the second phase of Digestion, following The pylorus (from Greek πυλωρος = "gate guard" is the region of the Stomach that connects to the Duodenum. In Anatomy of the Digestive system, the duodenum is a hollow jointed tube about 25-30 cm (10-12 in long connecting the Stomach to the Jejunum It results from the mechanical and chemical breakdown of a bolus and consists of partially digested food, water, hydrochloric acid, and various digestive enzymes. Hydrochloric acid is the Solution of Hydrogen chloride ( H[[Chlorine Cl]] in water Digestion is the breaking down of chemicals in the body into a form that can be absorbed Enzymes are Biomolecules that catalyze ( ie increase the rates of Chemical reactions Almost all enzymes are Proteins Chyme slowly passes through the pyloric sphincter and into the duodenum, where the extraction of nutrients begins. A sphincter is a structure usually a circular Muscle, that normally maintains constriction of a natural body passage or orifice and which relaxes as required by normal physiological Depending on the quantity and contents of the meal, the stomach will digest the food into chyme anywhere between 40 minutes and a few hours.
With a pH of around 2, chyme emerging from the stomach is very acidic. pH is the measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a Solution. To raise its pH, the duodenum secretes a hormone, cholecystokinin (CCK), which causes the gall bladder to contract, releasing alkaline bile into the duodenum. In Anatomy of the Digestive system, the duodenum is a hollow jointed tube about 25-30 cm (10-12 in long connecting the Stomach to the Jejunum Hormones (from Greek ὁρμή - "impetus" are chemicals released by cells that affect cells in other parts of the body Cholecystokinin ( CCK; from Greek chole, "bile" cysto, "sac" kinin, "move" hence move the bile-sac The gallbladder (or cholecyst sometimes gall bladder is a small organ whose function in the body is to store Bile and aid in the digestive process Bile or gall is a bitter yellow or green Alkaline fluid secreted by Hepatocytes from the Liver of most Vertebrates In many species The duodenum also produces the hormone secretin to stimulate the pancreatic secretion of large amounts of sodium bicarbonate, which raises the chyme's pH to 7 before it reaches the ileum. Secretin is a Peptide hormone produced in the S cells of the Duodenum in the Crypts of Lieberkühn. Sodium bicarbonate or sodium hydrogen carbonate is the Chemical compound with the formula NaHCO3 In Anatomy of the Digestive system, the ileum is the final section of the Small intestine. As it is protected by a thick layer of mucus and utilizes the neutralizing actions of the sodium bicarbonate and bile, the duodenum is not as sensitive to highly acidic chyme as the rest of the small intestine. In vertebrates mucus is a slippery secretion produced by and covering Mucous membranes It is a viscous Colloid containing Antiseptic enzymes (such as
At a pH of 7, the enzymes that were present from the stomach are no longer active. This then leads into the further breakdown of the nutrients still present by anaerobic bacteria which at the same time help to package the remains. These bacteria also help synthesize Vitamin-B and Vitamin-K.
References
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic