The Church of the Universal Bond was a religious group founded in Britain in the early twentieth century by George Watson MacGregor Reid, promoting socialist revolution, anti-imperialism and sun worship. Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the Means of production and distribution Imperialism has two meanings one describing an action and the other describing an attitude "Sun god" redirects here For the Ramsey Lewis album see Sun Goddess (album.
Initially aligned with Zoroastrianism, by 1912, Reid was becoming more attracted to Druidry, especially as Stonehenge was at the time being seen as a solar temple. Zoroastrianism (ˌzɔroʊˈæstriəˌnɪzəm is the religion and philosophy based on the teachings Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting A druid was a member of the priestly and learned class in the ancient Celtic societies Stonehenge is a Prehistoric Monument located in the English county of Wiltshire, about west of Amesbury and north of Salisbury His church began holding rituals there and their worship was permitted to continue when the site was given to the state in 1918.
Although only commanding around 50 adherents in its early days, the church was instrumental in forming the link in the popular imagination between Stonehenge and Druids despite the efforts of archaeologists to discourage it.
In 1924, the Office of Works permitted the church to scatter the ashes of cremated former members at Stonehenge, something which drew significant protests from the Society of Antiquaries, the Wiltshire Archaeological Society, the Royal Archaeological Institute and famous archaeologists such as O. G. S. Crawford. The Royal Archaeological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland is a Learned society, established in 1844 primarily devoted to the publication of the Archaeological Journal Osbert Guy Stanhope Crawford ( 28 October, 1886 &ndash November 28, 1957) was an English Archaeologist and a pioneer in the The outcry persuaded the government to withdraw permission and in 1932 the Church officially moved its rites from the monument to Normanton Gorse nearby.
After the Second World War, Reid's son Robert took over leadership of the church and it was able to regain midsummer access to Stonehenge throughout the 1950s, 60s and 70s, to the dismay of many leading archaeologists. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including
When the growing Stonehenge free festival caused the monument to be closed at midsummer in 1985, the Church faded into obscurity but has maintained a presence at the re-opened solstice festivities since 2000. The Stonehenge Free Festival was a British Free festival from 1972 to 1984 held at Stonehenge in England during the month of June Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar)
Source
Hutton, R, From Universal Bond to Public Free For All, British Archaeology 83, July-August 2005 p11. Professor Ronald Hutton (born 1954 is a professor of History at the University of Bristol, author and occasional commentator on British Television
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