The military campaigns of the Samnite Wars were an important stage in Roman expansion in the Italian pensinsula. The First, Second, and Third Samnite wars, between the early Roman Republic and the tribes of Samnium, extended over half a century involving
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Background
The Samnites were a group of hill-tribes occupying the central Apennines. In the mid-fourth century they began to expand into the territories of their neighbors, especially in Campania and the Liris valley. Campania is a region of Southern Italy in Europe. The region has a population of around 5 The Liri ( Latin Liris, previously Clanis; Greek:) is one of the principal Rivers of central Italy, flowing into the At first, they had enemies in common with Rome in the Celts and Volsci, and this commonality of purpose led to the formation of a peace treaty with Rome in 354. Celts (ˈkɛlts or /ˈsɛlts/, see Names of the Celts The Volsci were an ancient Italic people, well known in the history of the first century of the Roman Republic. [1] Once these threats were removed, Samnium expansion brought them into conflict with Rome's growing influence in central Italy.
First Samnite War (343-341 BC)
| Event | Details | Ancient sources |
| 343 BC - Battle of Mount Gaurus | The Roman consul M. Valerius Corvus routed the Samnites near Mount Gaurus in Campania | Livy 7. The First, Second, and Third Samnite wars, between the early Roman Republic and the tribes of Samnium, extended over half a century involving Events By place Persian Empire The King of Persia, Artaxerxes III, personally leads the Persian forces invading Egypt The Battle of Mount Gaurus, a Battle between the ancient Romans and the Samnites, was fought in 342 BC. Marcus Valerius Corvus (370 BC &ndash 270 BC was a Roman hero of the 4th century BC characterized as a Farmer who lived to be one hundred 32-33, 37-38; Dionys. Hal. 15. 3; Appian, Samn. 1; Auct. Vir. Ill. 26 |
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| 343 BC - Battle of Saticula | The Roman consul A. Events By place Persian Empire The King of Persia, Artaxerxes III, personally leads the Persian forces invading Egypt Cornelius Cossus Arvina was ambushed by the Samnites near the Samnite stronghold of Saticula, but was extricated from a dangerous situation by P. Decius Mus | Livy 7. Saticula was a Samnite city near the frontier of Campania. In 343 BC during the First Samnite War the Roman consul Cornelius attacked it during the campaign Publius Decius Mus, son of Quintus, of the Plebeian Decia was a Roman consul in the year 340 BC 33, 34-37, 38; Frontinus, Strategemata 1. 5. 14; 4. 5. 9; Auct. Vir. Ill. 26 |
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| 343 BC - Battle of Suessula | The Roman consul M. Valerius Corvus defeated the Samnites near Suessula | Livy 7. Events By place Persian Empire The King of Persia, Artaxerxes III, personally leads the Persian forces invading Egypt The Battle of Suessula was an episode in 341 BC in the Samnite Wars between the Samnite peoples living in the hills around Samnium Marcus Valerius Corvus (370 BC &ndash 270 BC was a Roman hero of the 4th century BC characterized as a Farmer who lived to be one hundred Suessula ( Greek:) was an ancient city of Campania, southern Italy, situated in the interior of the peninsula near the frontier with Samnium 32-33, 37-38; Dionys. Hal. 15. 3; Appian, Samn. 1; Auct. Vir. Ill. 26 |
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| 342 BC | The Romans were occupied with other matters, and there are no reports of fighting in this year | Livy 7. Events By place Macedonia The Greek philosopher Aristotle, is invited by Philip II to his capital at Pella to tutor 38-39; Dion. Hal. 15. 3; App. Samn. 1 |
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| 341 BC - peace treaty | The Romans renewed their attack, and the consul L. Events By place Macedonia Philip II of Macedon completes his annexation of Thrace. Aemilius Mamercinus invaded Samnium. The Samnites sent envoys to Rome to negotiate, and the peace treaty of 354 was renewed. | Livy 8. 1-2 |
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Second Samnite War (326-304 BC)
The Second Samnite War broke out in 326 B. The First, Second, and Third Samnite wars, between the early Roman Republic and the tribes of Samnium, extended over half a century involving C. over
| Event | Details | Ancient sources |
| Foundation of Fregellae (328 BC) | The Romans founded the colony of Fregellae | refs |
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| Battle of the Caudine Forks (321 BC) | A Roman army under the command of T. The Battle of Caudine Forks, 321 BC, was a decisive Battle of the Samnite Wars. Events By place Macedonian Empire Antipater appoints Antigonus commander in chief of his army in Asia Minor and sends Veturius Calvinus was trapped by the Samnite general Gaius Pontius at the Caudine Forks, a pass in the Apennines between Calatia and Caudium, and forced to sue for peace. Gaius Pontius, sometimes called as Gavius Pontius or simply Pontius, was a Samnite commander during the Second Samnite War. Calatia was an ancient town of Campania, Italy, 6 m SE of Capua, on the Via Appia, near the point where the Via Popillia branches Caudium is an open source Web server. It was originally written as a fork of the Roxen Challenger server | Livy 9. 1-7; Cic. Off. 3. 109; Cic. Sen. 41; Dion. Hal. 16. 1. 1-7; Val. Max. 5. 1 ext. 5, 7. 2. ext. 17; Gell. 17. 21. 36; Flor. 1. 11. 10; App. Samn. 2-7; Dio fr. 36. 10; Oros. 3. 15. 1-6; Claud. Quad. fr. 18 (Peter) |
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| Battle of Lautulae (315 BC) | Q. The Battle of Lautulae was fought in 315 BC between the Romans (led by dictator Quintus Fabius Maximus Rullianus) Events By place Macedonian Empire Antigonus claims authority over most of Asia seizes the treasury at Susa and enters Babylon Aulius Cerretanus, the Roman Master of Horse, was defeated and killed by the Samnites at Lautulae, a narrow pass near Tarracina | Liv. The Master of the Horse was (and in some cases is a historical position of varying importance in several European nations Terracina is a town and Comune of the Province of Latina - (until 1934 of the Province of Rome) Italy, 76 km SE of Rome by 9. 22-25; Diod. 19. 72. 6-7; Fasti Capitolini (Degrassi) 36f. , 109f. , 418f. |
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See also
Sources
- T. The following is a list of Roman Battles fought by the Roman Kingdom, the Roman Republic, the Roman Empire, and sometimes the Byzantine Empire R. S. Broughton (1950-1, 1986), Magistrates of the Roman Republic, Case Western Reserve U. P.
- T. J. Cornell (1995), The Beginnings of Rome: Italy and Rome from the Bronze Age to thee Punic Wars, Routledge
- E. T. Salmon (1967), Samnium and the Samnites, Cambridge U. P.
References
- ^ Livy 7. 19. 4; Diod. 16. 45. 8; Salmon 1967, 191.
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