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Christo and Jeanne-Claude.
Christo and Jeanne-Claude.
"Christo" redirects here. For other uses, see Christo (disambiguation).

Christo (born as Christo Vladimirov Javacheff, Bulgarian: Христо Явашев) and Jeanne-Claude (born as Jeanne-Claude Denat de Guillebon) are a married couple who create environmental installation art. Bulgarian (български език IPA: ɛzˈik is an Indo-European language, a member of the Slavic linguistic group The term Environmental Art is used in two different senses The term can be used generally to refer to art dealing with ecological issues and/or the natural, such as the formal the Installation art uses sculptural materials and other media to modify the way a particular space is experienced Their works include the wrapping of the Reichstag in Berlin and the Pont Neuf bridge in Paris, the 24-mile-long curtain called Running Fence in Marin and Sonoma counties in California, and most recently The Gates in New York City's Central Park. The Reichstag building in Berlin was constructed to house the Reichstag, the first Parliament of the German Empire. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. The Pont Neuf, French for the "New Bridge" is the oldest standing Bridge across the river Seine in Paris. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Running Fence was an Installation art piece by Christo and Jeanne-Claude, which was completed on September 10, 1976. March 11, 1889 | Sonoma County, located on the northern coast of California, is one of the northernmost counties of the nine county Greater San Francisco Bay Area, U California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. The Gates is a site-specific art installation by Christo and Jeanne-Claude. The City of New York Central Park is a large public Urban park in New York City, with about twenty-five million visitors annually

Coincidentally Christo and Jeanne-Claude were born on the exact same date - 13 June 1935. Events 1525 - Martin Luther marries Katharina von Bora, against the Celibacy rule decreed by the Roman Catholic Church for Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Although their work is visually impressive and often controversial as a result of its scale, the artists have repeatedly denied that their projects contain any deeper meaning than their immediate aesthetic. A controversy or dispute is a commencement of a conflict between statements of accepted fact and a new or unaccepted proposal that disagrees with argues against Aesthetics or esthetics ( also spelled æsthetics) is commonly known as the study of sensory or sensori-emotional values sometimes called The purpose of their art, they contend, is simply to make the world a "more beautiful place" or to create new ways of seeing familiar landscapes. Landscape comprises the visible features of an area of land including physical elements such as Landforms living elements of flora and fauna abstract elements such as lighting Art critic David Bourdon has described Christo's wrappings as a "revelation through concealment. "[1]

Contents

Christo

Christo, the primary artist and designer of the duo's projects, was born in Gabrovo, Bulgaria. Gabrovo (Габрово is a town in central northern Bulgaria, the administrative centre of Gabrovo Province. The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian His father, Vladimir Javacheff, was a scientist, and his mother, Tsveta Dimitrova, was a secretary at the Academy of Fine Arts in Sofia. The National Academy of Arts (Национална художествена академия abbreviated НХА NAA) is an institution of Higher education in Sofia (София ˈsɔfija is the Capital and largest city of the Republic of Bulgaria, with a population of 1395568 in the Capital Municipality Artists from the Academy who visited his family observed Christo's artistic talent while he was still of a very young age.

The story of Christo's parentage is a picaresque curiosity which illuminates the strangeness of life in mid-twentieth century Bulgaria. Christo was descended from a German immigrant to Bulgaria on his father's side. Immigration refers to the movement of people among countries While the movement of people has existed throughout human history at various levels modern immigration implies long-term Christo's great-grandfather, a German Friedrich Fischer, had invented the modern process for mass-producing standard ball bearings and sent his son, Christo's grandfather Vitus Fischer, to Bulgaria to open the first ball bearing factory in Eastern Europe. Friedrich Fischer (1849–1899 from Schweinfurt, Germany is considered the father of the modern Ball bearing, having invented the process for milling standard bearings A ball bearing is an engineering term referring to a type of Rolling-element bearing which uses Balls to maintain the separation between the moving parts Following the collapse of the project in disgrace - fourteen Bulgarian workers were killed in an industrial accident in the factory, and the lack of demand for ball bearings in the largely agricultural Bulgaria of the time led to financial ruin - Vitus Fischer, penniless and distrusted by the local police, took the name of Dmitri Javacheff (one of the laborers killed in the factory) and re-entered society under the assumed identity of a common, Bulgarian-born peasant working in a nearby milk production concern. Industrial disasters are mass Disasters caused by industrial companies either by accident Negligence or incompetence Milk is an opaque white liquid produced by the Mammary glands of female Mammals (including Monotremes. Dmitri's son, Vladimir Javacheff, inherited his father's technological aptitude and became an academically successful, though still poverty-stricken, scientist in Bulgaria in the years before Christo's birth. In the 1970s Christo was awarded 49% of Friedrich Fischer estate. Friedrich Fischer (1849–1899 from Schweinfurt, Germany is considered the father of the modern Ball bearing, having invented the process for milling standard bearings He has chosen to live modestly off a portion of the proceeds from his art, reinvesting most of his occupational income and all of his inheritance from the Fischer ball bearing fortune into charitable organizations. [2]

In his youth, Christo had an interest in theatre and staged Shakespeare plays. William Shakespeare ( baptised In 1953, he was admitted to the Academy of Fine Arts, but was disappointed by the strict socialist curriculum imposed by the ruling Communist Party at the time. Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the Means of production and distribution Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based He studied art at the Sofia Academy from 1952 to 1956, and for another year in Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic) until 1957, when he escaped the Communist State by bribing a railway official and stowing away with several other individuals onboard a train transporting medicine and medical supplies to Austria. Prague (ˈprɑːg Praha (ˈpraɦa see also other names) is the Capital and Largest city of the Czech Republic. Czechoslovakia may also refer to what is now the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia, Medicine is the art and science of healing It encompasses a range of Health care practices evolved to maintain and restore Human Health by the Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich

Christo quickly settled in Vienna, and enrolled at the Viennese Academy of Fine Arts. Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. After only one semester there, he traveled to Geneva and soon after moved to Paris. Geneva (Genève is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and is the most populous city of Romandy (the French -speaking Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city As a result of his flight, he lost his citizenship and became a stateless person. A stateless person is someone with no Citizenship or Nationality. His life in Paris was characterized by financial hardship and social isolation, which was worsened by his difficulty learning the French language. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people He earned money by painting portraits, which he likened to prostitution.

Jeanne-Claude

Jeanne-Claude was born in Casablanca, Morocco as a very poor girl who had no money and her parents were very poor and were going around the streets asking for money. Casablanca (in Standard Arabic: الدار البيضاء ad-Dār al-Bayḍāʼ; Moroccan Arabic: dar beïda الدار البيضا Her mother, Précilda, was 17 when she married Jeanne-Claude's father, Major Léon Denat. Précilda and Léon Denat divorced shortly after Jeanne-Claude was born, and Précilda remarried three times. During World War II, Jeanne-Claude lived with her father's family while her mother fought in the French Resistance. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The French Resistance is the collective name used for the French Resistance movements which fought against the Nazi German In 1946, Précilda married the influential General Jacques de Guillebon. The family lived in Paris from 1945 to 1952, relocating to Tunisia in 1952 and returning to Paris in 1957. Tunisia (تونس Tūnis officially the Tunisian Republic ( is a country located in North Africa.

The couple

Christo and Jeanne-Claude met in October 1958, when he was commissioned to paint a portrait of her mother, Précilda de Guillebon. Year 1958 ( MCMLVIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Initially, Christo was attracted to Jeanne-Claude's half-sister, Joyce. Jeanne-Claude was engaged to Philippe Planchon. Shortly before her wedding, Jeanne-Claude became pregnant by Christo. Although she married Planchon, Jeanne-Claude left him immediately after their honeymoon. Christo and Jeanne-Claude's son, Cyril, was born 11 May 1960. Events 330 - Byzantium is renamed ''Nova Roma'' during a dedication ceremony but is more popularly referred to as Constantinople Year 1960 ( MCMLX) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Jeanne-Claude's parents were displeased with the relationship, particularly because of Christo's humble origins, and temporarily estranged themselves from their daughter. Despite this estrangement, the couple married on 28 November 1962. For the town in Argentina, see 28 de Noviembre. Events Year 1962 ( MCMLXII) was a Common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

In 1961, Christo covered barrels at the port of Cologne, the first large objects he had wrapped. In 1962, the couple tackled their first monumental project, Rideau de Fer (Iron Curtain). Without warning or consent of authorities and as a statement against the Berlin Wall, they blocked off Rue Visconti, a small street on the River Seine, with oil barrels. The Berlin Wall (Berliner Mauer was a physical barrier separating West Berlin from the German Democratic Republic (GDR ( East Germany) including The Seine (sɛn in French) is a slow flowing major River and commercial waterway within the regions of Île-de-France and Haute-Normandie Jeanne-Claude stalled approaching police, convincing them to allow the piece to stand for a few hours. Although he was simultaneously holding his first exhibition at a gallery, it was the Visconti project that made Christo known in Paris.

In February 1964, Christo and Jeanne-Claude arrived in New York City. The City of New York After a brief return to Europe, they settled in the United States in September of that year. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Although poor and lacking fluency in the English language, Christo displayed his work in several galleries, including the well-known Castelli Gallery in New York and Gallery Schmela in Düsseldorf, Germany. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Leo Castelli (born Leo Krauss on September 4, 1907, at Trieste, of Italian and Austro-Hungarian Jewish origin &ndash died August 21 Düsseldorf (ˈdʏsəldɔɐf is the capital city of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Christo began to wrap storefronts which he had built to scale. Sale of the storefronts helped pay off debts and financed larger projects. Their next project, a 1,200-cubic-meter package, was constructed with the help of enthusiastic students. In early 1968, Christo and Jeanne-Claude left Gallery Castelli in order to retain their artistic autonomy.

Major works

Documenta 4

In 1968, Christo and Jeanne-Claude had the chance to participate at the Documenta 4 in Kassel. documenta is an exhibition of modern and Contemporary art which now takes place every five years in Kassel, Germany. Kassel (until 1926 officially Cassel) is a city situated along the Fulda River in northern Hessen, Germany, one of the two sources of the In addition to the installation, Corridor Storefronts, the couple wanted to build an air package with a volume of 5,600 m³, which would be lifted by cranes and visible from a distance of 25 km. On 24 June 1968 their first attempt to fully inflate the air package failed, as the polyethylene skin tore as it was being raised. Events 972 - Battle of Cedynia, the first documented victory of Polish forces takes place Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. After two more attempts and repeated repairs, and using two of the largest cranes in Europe, the project became a reality on 3 August 1968. A crane is a lifting machine equipped with a Winder, Wire ropes or Chains and sheaves that can be used both to lift and lower materials and to Events 8 - Roman Empire General Tiberius defeats Dalmatians on the river Bathinus. Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The package rose to its maximum height of 280 feet tall for a total of 10 hours (from 4:00 am through 2:00 pm on 4 August), becoming the largest inflatable structure with no skeleton ever constructed. Events 70 - The Destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem by the Romans. Of the $70,000 (USD) cost of this project, Christo and Jeanne-Claude had financed all but $3,000 (USD) from the sale of preparatory drawings and collages.

Wrapped Coast

At the end of 1969 Jeanne-Claude and Christo wrapped the coast of Little Bay in Sydney, Australia with the aid of 130 helpers who devoted 17,000 work hours. Sydney (ˈsɪdniː is the most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 4 For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The project required 9,300 m² of synthetic fabric and 56 km of rope. After initial resistance from the authorities and the public, reactions were largely positive.

Valley Curtain

At the end of 1970 Christo and Jeanne-Claude began the preparations for the Valley Curtain project. A 400-meter long cloth was to be stretched across Rifle Gap, a valley in the Rocky Mountains near Rifle, Colorado. Mountain peaks of the Rocky Mountains The Rocky Mountains, often called the Rockies, are a Mountain range in western North America. The City of Rifle is a Home Rule Municipality in Garfield County, Colorado, United States. The project was complicated due to protests by environmentalists, and with raising the planned budget of $230,000. The project required 14,000 square meters of cloth to be hung on steel cable, fastened with iron bars fixed in concrete on each slope, and 200 tons of concrete had to be carried by hand in buckets up each slope.

The budget increased to $400,000 causing Christo and Jeanne-Claude additional problems with the financing. Finally enough works of art were sold to raise the money and, on 10 October 1971, the orange-coloured curtain was ready for hanging, but was torn to shreds by wind and rock. Events 680 - Battle of Karbala: Shia Imam Husayn bin Ali, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, is decapitated Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. While a second curtain was being manufactured, Christo received a request from a Berlin architect to veil the Reichstag. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. An architect is a licensed individual who leads a design team in the Planning and Design of buildings and participates in oversight of Building Construction The Reichstag building in Berlin was constructed to house the Reichstag, the first Parliament of the German Empire. On 10 August 1972 the second attempt to hang the cloth succeeded, but only 28 hours later it had to be taken down because of an approaching storm. Events 612 BC - Killing of Sinsharishkun, King of Assyrian Empire Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Running Fence

In 1973, after 17 stateless years, Christo became a United States citizen. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the That same year, he began preparations for Running Fence: a veiled fence, made from steel posts and steel cables, running through the landscape and leading into the sea. Running Fence was an Installation art piece by Christo and Jeanne-Claude, which was completed on September 10, 1976. The fence was to be 5. 5 meters high and 40 kilometers long. For the project, agricultural workers needed to be convinced and the permission of the authorities had to be obtained, so Christo and Jeanne-Claude hired nine lawyers. At the end of 1974 Christo marked the path of the fence with wooden stakes. On 29 April 1976 the work finally began after a long struggle against bureaucracy. Events 1429 - Joan of Arc arrives to relieve the Siege of Orleans. Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Approximately 200,000 m² of nylon, 2050 steel posts and 145 km of steel cable were needed. Overview Nylon is a Thermoplastic silky material first used commercially in a nylon- Bristled Toothbrush (1938 followed more famously by On 10 September 1976 the work was completed. Events 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde. Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. However, Christo and Jeanne-Claude had to pay a $60,000 fine, because they lacked permission for the coastal region.

Wrapped Walk Ways

In 1977, Christo and Jeanne-Claude were mostly paying back loans and trying to save money. In addition, however, they continued to plan their future projects, like veiling the Reichstag, the Pont Neuf in Paris, as well as "Wrapped Walk Ways", a veiling of footpaths in a park. The Reichstag building in Berlin was constructed to house the Reichstag, the first Parliament of the German Empire. The Pont Neuf, French for the "New Bridge" is the oldest standing Bridge across the river Seine in Paris. In November, Christo met his parents, seeing his mother for the first time in 20 years.

With "Wrapped Walk Ways" Christo and Jeanne-Claude veiled 4. 5 km of footpaths in Loose Park, a park in Kansas City, Missouri's Country Club District. Kansas City Missouri only Items for the metro area Kansas City Kansas or North Kansas City MO should go on their respective pages The Country Club District is the name of a group of Neighborhoods comprising a historic upscale residential district in Kansas City, Missouri, and Altogether it required 12,500 square meters of saffron-yellow coloured shiny nylon fabric. Pedestrians enjoyed the artwork for two weeks in October. The cost of this project amounted to $130,000. From 1979 to 1981 the couple were busy with some projects, many of which they were never able to realize, including the Mastaba of Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates, a project where oil barrels were to be stacked to a height of 150 meters. A mastaba was a flat-roofed rectangular building with outward sloping sides that marked the burial site of many eminent Egyptians of Egypt's ancient period.

Surrounded Islands

The Christos planned a project based on Jeanne-Claude's idea to surround eleven islands in Miami's Biscayne Bay with 603,850 square meters of pink polypropylene. Biscayne Bay ( Bahía Vizcaina, in Spanish) is a Lagoon that is approximately 35 miles (56 km long and up to 8 miles (13 km wide located on the Polypropylene or polypropene ( PP) is a Thermoplastic Polymer, made by the Chemical industry and used in a wide variety of applications It was completed on 4 May 1983 with the aid of 430 helpers and could be admired for two weeks. Events 1256 - The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar)

Pont Neuf

On 14 March 1984, Jeanne-Claude became a U. Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. Year 1984 ( MCMLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar) S. citizen; she holds dual U. S. and French citizenship. In August the couple received permission to veil the Pont Neuf after nine years of negotiations with the mayor of Paris, Jacques Chirac and preparations for the project began. The Pont Neuf, French for the "New Bridge" is the oldest standing Bridge across the river Seine in Paris. For the veiling of the oldest bridge in Paris, 40,000 m² of sand-coloured polyamide fabric was needed. A polyamide is a Polymer containing Monomers of Amides joined by Peptide bonds They can occur both naturally examples being Proteins The veiling began on 25 August 1985 and was finished on 22 September. Events 1248 - The Dutch city of Ommen receives city rights and fortification rights from Otto III the Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar) Events 66 - Emperor Nero creates the Legion I Italica. 1236 - The Lithuanians In the next two weeks over three million people visited the project.

Umbrellas

Umbrellas 1991(Japan)
Umbrellas 1991(Japan)

Christo and Jeanne-Claude prepared for their next project, "The Umbrellas". Then the plan was to have yellow and blue umbrellas set up in California and Japan at the same time. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. In December 1990, after much preparation, the first bases for the screens were laid. At the bases 80 cm long anchors were fastened to the ground to withstand tensions of 1,500 kgf (15 kN). The unit kilogram-force ( kgf, often incorrectly just kg) or kilopond ( kp) is defined as the Force exerted by Earth's gravity The newton (symbol N) is the SI derived unit of Force, named after Isaac Newton in recognition of his work on Classical In September 1991 the screens were brought to their places by 2,000 workers. In order to preserve the countryside, the bases were transported to the site by helicopter. The final cost of the project totaled $26 US million. By 7 September, 1,340 blue screens in Ibaraki and 1,760 yellow screens at the Tejon Ranch in southern California had been set up; the exhibition opened on 9 October 1991. Events 1251 BC - A Solar eclipse on this date might mark the birth of legendary Heracles at Thebes Greece. WikipediaWikiProject Japanese prefectures for guidelines --> is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region on Honshū Tejon Ranch Company is the largest private landowner in California. Events 768 - Carloman I and Charlemagne are crowned Kings of The Franks. Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. In total, 3 million people saw the screens, each measuring 6 meters in height and 8. 66 meters in diameter. The umbrellas became a huge tourist attraction, finding use as everything from picnic spots to wedding altars. Two people died during the construction and exhibition. A woman, Lori Mathews, was killed when one of the screens hit her because of a wind gust, and a man, Masaaki Nakamura, was electrocuted while removing umbrellas when he came into contact with a high voltage power line. [3]

The Reichstag

After the project "Umbrellas" Christo and Jeanne-Claude concerned themselves with veiling the Reichstag in Berlin. The Reichstag building in Berlin was constructed to house the Reichstag, the first Parliament of the German Empire. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. With the support of the parliamentary speaker, Rita Süssmuth, the Christos worked to convince the Members of Parliament, going from office to office, writing explanatory letters to each of the 662 delegates and innumerable telephone calls and negotiations. Rita Süssmuth (born 17 February, 1937 in Wuppertal) is a German politician and a member of the Christian Democratic Union ( CDU) On 25 February 1995 after lengthy discussions the Bundestag allowed the project to go ahead. Events 138 - The Emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius, effectively making him his successor Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 The Bundestag ("Federal Diet " or "Lower House of German Parliament" is the Parliament of Germany.

More than 100,000 square meters of fireproof polypropylene fabric, covered by an aluminum layer, and 15 km of rope were needed. Polypropylene or polypropene ( PP) is a Thermoplastic Polymer, made by the Chemical industry and used in a wide variety of applications WikipediaNaming A rope is a length of Fibers twisted or Braided together to improve strength for pulling and Connecting. Veiling began on 17 June 1995 and was finished on 24 June. Events 1462 - Vlad III the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II ( The Night Attack) forcing him to retreat Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Events 972 - Battle of Cedynia, the first documented victory of Polish forces takes place The spectacle was seen by five million visitors before the unveiling began on 7 July. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death

Gallery

Verhüllte Bäume (Wrapped Trees)

After 32 years of preparation, Christo and Jeanne-Claude veiled 178 trees in Berower Park / Beyeler Foundation north-east of Basel between 13 November and 14 December 1998. The Beyeler Foundation or Fondation Beyeler with its Museum in Riehen near Basel owns and oversees the art collection of Hildy and Ernst Beyeler "Basilia" redirects here For the Fly Genus, see Basilia (fly. Events 1002 - English king Ethelred orders the killing of all Danes in England, known today as the St Events 1287 - St Lucia's flood: The Zuider Zee sea wall in the Netherlands collapses killing over 50000 people Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) To wrap the trees, the couple used 55,000 square meters of silver-grey shiny polyester material and 23 kilometers of rope. A pattern had to be made for each individual tree and so the natural shape of the branches pushed the material outwards, creating individual shapes in the sky. The construction varied in height from 2 to 25 meters and in width from 1 to nearly 15 meters. As with their other projects, this was financed by the sale of original works. All materials used in this project were recycled when it was taken down.

Wrapped Snoopy House

In 1978, Charles M. Schulz drew an episode of his comic strip Peanuts in which Snoopy's doghouse is wrapped in fabric by Christo. Charles Monroe Schulz (November 26 1922 &ndash February 12 2000 was an American Cartoonist best known worldwide for his Peanuts Comic strip Peanuts is a syndicated daily and Sunday Comic strip written and illustrated by Charles M Snoopy is a Fictional character in the long-running Comic strip Peanuts, by Charles M In response, Christo constructed a wrapped doghouse and presented it to the Charles M. Schulz Museum in 2003. The Charles M Schulz Museum and Research Center is a Museum dedicated to the works of Charles Schulz, creator of the Peanuts comic strip [4]

The Gates

Main article: The Gates
The Gates
The Gates

On 3 January 2005, work began on the installation of the couple's most protracted project, The Gates, in Central Park in New York City. The Gates is a site-specific art installation by Christo and Jeanne-Claude. Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Gates is a site-specific art installation by Christo and Jeanne-Claude. Central Park is a large public Urban park in New York City, with about twenty-five million visitors annually The City of New York They have also referred to it as "The Gates, Central Park, New York, 1979-2005" in reference to the time that passed from their initial proposal until they were able to go ahead with it: only with the permission of the new mayor of New York, Michael R. Bloomberg, were they able to proceed. Michael Rubens Bloomberg (born February 14, 1942) is an American businessman and the Mayor of New York City. "The Gates" was open to the public from 12 February until 27 February 2005. Events 1429 - English Forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the army besieging Orleans from attack by the Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A total of 7,503 gates made of saffron-yellow material were placed on paths in Central Park. They were five metres high and had a combined length of 37 km. Bloomberg, a great fan of the Christos, presented them with the Doris C. Freedman award for public art for the installation. [5]

The cost of the project was estimated at $21 million US dollars which was raised entirely by Christo and Jeanne-Claude selling studies, drawings, collages, works from the 1950s and 1960s as well as original photographs of their other works. A collage (From the coller to glue is a work of formal art primarily in the Visual arts, made from an assemblage of different forms thus creating a new whole They did not accept any sponsorship, nor did the city of New York have to provide any money for the project. Christo and Jeanne-Claude donated all the money raised from the sale of souvenirs such as postcards, t-shirts and posters to "Nurture New York's Nature Inc. " To avoid vandalism, around 600 paid employees ("Gate-keepers") distributed 1 million 7 cm² pieces of the material used for the project to visitors. The Gate-keepers also provided information to visitors about the project, and were responsible for unrolling the gates that had rolled over their crossbars in the high wind.

Future works

Over The River

Christo and Jeanne-Claude announced plans for a future project, entitled Over The River, to be constructed on the Arkansas River near Cañon City, Colorado in the Sangre de Cristo mountains. The Arkansas River is a major Tributary of the Mississippi River. For other similar names see also Canyon City. The City of Cañon City (ˈkænjən ˈsɪti Plans for the project call for suspending 6. 7 miles of reflective, translucent fabric panels over the river on steel cables anchored into the river's banks. Project plans call for its installation for two weeks during the summer of 2012, at the earliest, and for the river to remain open to recreation during the installation.

Christo and Jeanne-Claude first conceived "Over the River" in 1985 as they were wrapping the Pont Neuf and a piece of torn fabric fluttered over the Seine. The Seine (sɛn in French) is a slow flowing major River and commercial waterway within the regions of Île-de-France and Haute-Normandie The artists began a three-year search for appropriate locations in 1992, considering some eighty-nine river locations. They chose the Arkansas River because its banks were high enough that recreational rafters could enjoy the river at the same time. [6] Christo and Jeanne-Claude have already spent more than $2 million on environmental studies, design engineering, and wind-tunnel testing of fabrics. As with past projects, Over The River will be financed entirely by Christo and Jeanne-Claude, through the sale of Christo’s preparatory drawings and scale models.

Source

References

  1. ^ Bourdon, David: "Christo", Harry N. Abrams Publishers, Inc. , New York City, 1970.
  2. ^ Fowle, Farnsworth: "Artist Christo Awarded Industrial Fortune", New York Times, 4 May 1975.
  3. ^ Weisman, Steven. "Christo's Intercontinental Umbrella Project. " New York Times, 13 November 1990.
  4. ^ Charles M. Schulz Museum Permanent Exhibitions: Christo's Wrapped Snoopy House
  5. ^ 2005: Art World Year-in-Review, ARTINFO, December 25, 2005, <http://www.artinfo.com/news/story/9347/2005-art-world-year-in-review/>. Retrieved on 17 April 2008 
  6. ^ Cathy, Newman. "Christo and Jeanne-Claude Unwrapped", National Geographic, November 2006.  

Bibliography

For information about the early work of Christo and Jeanne-Claude see: Matthias Koddenberg, "Christo and Jeanne-Claude. Realism's Newly Unveiled Face", in: Nouveau Réalisme, Catalog edited by Susanne Neuburger, Museum Moderner Kunst Stiftung Ludwig Wien, Vienna 2005 (ISBN 3-902490-12-8); Publisher's edition: Verlag für moderne Kunst Nürnberg (ISBN 3-938821-08-6)

See also

External links

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