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Christopher Gardner

Born February 9, 1954 (1954-02-09) (age 54)
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Occupation Founder and CEO of Gardner Rich & Co
Net worth $65 million USD (2006)

Christopher Paul Gardner (born February 9, 1954 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin) is a self-made millionaire, entrepreneur, motivational speaker and philanthropist who, during the early 1980s, struggled with homelessness while raising his toddler son, Christopher, Jr. Events 474 - Zeno crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. Year 1954 ( MCMLIV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1954 Gregorian calendar) A chief executive officer ( CEO) or chief executive is typically the highest-ranking corporate officer ( executive) or administrator Gardner Rich & Co LLC is a NASD -registered private stock brokerage firm founded by Chris Gardner in 1987 with only $10000 and one piece of furniture Events 474 - Zeno crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. Year 1954 ( MCMLIV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1954 Gregorian calendar) An entrepreneur is a person who has possession over a company enterprise, or Venture, and assumes significant accountability for the inherent risks and the outcome A motivational speaker is a professional speaker who makes speeches intending to lift up and motivate their audiences Philanthropy is the act of donating money goods services time and/or effort to support a socially beneficial cause with a defined objective and with no financial or material Homelessness is the condition and social category of people who lack housing because they cannot afford or are otherwise unable to maintain regular safe and adequate shelter [1] Gardner's book of memoirs was published in May 2006 by Amistad, an imprint of HarperCollins Publishers. HarperCollins is a Publishing company owned by News Corporation. [2]

As of 2006, he is CEO of his own stockbrokerage firm, Gardner Rich & Co, based in Chicago, Illinois where he resides when he is not living in New York City. A chief executive officer ( CEO) or chief executive is typically the highest-ranking corporate officer ( executive) or administrator Gardner Rich & Co LLC is a NASD -registered private stock brokerage firm founded by Chris Gardner in 1987 with only $10000 and one piece of furniture Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. The City of New York Gardner credits his tenacity and success to his "spiritual genetics" handed down to him by his mother, Bettye Jean Triplett, née Gardner,[3][2][4] and to the high expectations placed on him by his children, Chris Jr. (born 1981) and his daughter, Jacintha (born 1985). [1] Gardner's personal struggle of establishing himself as a stockbroker while managing fatherhood and homelessness is portrayed in the 2006 motion picture The Pursuit of Happyness, starring actor Will Smith. The Pursuit of Happyness is a 2006 American Biographical film directed by Gabriele Muccino about the on and off-homeless salesman-turned-stockbroker [5][4]

Contents

Early Years

Chris Gardner was born on February 9, 1954 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Events 474 - Zeno crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. Year 1954 ( MCMLIV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1954 Gregorian calendar) Wisconsin ( or wɪˈskɑnsɨn (French Ouisconsin) is one of the fifty United States of America, located in the north central part of the United States He did not have any positive male role models, since his absentee father, Thomas Turner, was living in Louisiana and his stepfather, Freddie Triplett, was a violent man. The State of Louisiana ( or, État de Louisiane, pronounced) is a state located in the southern region of the United States of America Despite her unhappy marriage, Gardner's mother, Bettye Jean Triplett, was a source of inspiration and strength. She encouraged Gardner to believe in himself and sowed the seeds of self-reliance in him. Gardner quotes her as saying, "You can only depend on yourself. The cavalry ain't coming. "[6] Gardner was Bettye Jean's second child. He had three sisters: Ophelia (the eldest half-sister from a previous union), Sharon, and Kim (his younger half-sisters from Bettye Jean's marriage to Freddie Triplett).

Freddie Triplett's violent outbursts often left Bettye Jean beaten and nearly fatally injured. Those rages left Gardner and his three sisters constantly afraid. [3] Bettye Jean was imprisoned when Triplett reported her to the authorities for working while collecting welfare. Welfare fraud refers to various intentional misuses of state welfare systems by withholding information or giving false or inaccurate information Welfare is financial assistance paid to people by governments As a result, her children were raised in foster care during her incarceration. Foster care is a system by which a certified stand-in "parent(s" cares for minor Children or young peoples who have been removed from their birth parents Incarceration is the detention of a person in Jail or Prison. They were put into foster homes once again when Gardner's mother re-entered incarceration for attempting to burn down the house with Triplett inside. [3] From those experiences, Gardner determined that alcoholism, domestic abuse, child abuse, illiteracy, fear, and powerlessness were all things he wanted to avoid in the future. [3]

Sense of movement

Gardner re-entered foster care for the second time when he was eight years old. During this period he became acquainted with his mother's three brothers Archie, Willie and Henry. Of the three, Henry had the most profound influence, entering Gardner's world at a time when he most needed a father figure. Tragically, "Uncle" Henry drowned in the Mississippi River while Chris' mother was in prison. The Mississippi River is the second longest River in the United States, with a length of from its source in Lake Itasca in Minnesota to [2]

The late 1960s and early 1970s were a time of political and musical awakening for Gardner. He developed a deep sense of black pride as he became familiar with the works of the Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Malcom X, and Eldridge Cleaver. Black pride is a slogan used primarily in the United States to agitate for a black African-American racial identity and is closely aligned with Black Martin Luther King Jr ( January 15, 1929 April 4, 1968) was an American clergyman, Activist and prominent leader Malcolm X (born Malcolm Little; May 19 1925 February 21 1965 also known as El-Hajj Malik El- Shabazz, was an African American Eldridge Cleaver ( August 31, 1935 &ndash May 1, 1998) was an Author, a prominent American Civil rights leader During that time Gardner's world view became increasingly narrow. That is after he attended Proviso East High School. He ignored historical events such as the Sharpeville Massacre and apartheid in South Africa and international racial issues. The Sharpeville Massacre, also known as the Sharpeville shootings, occurred on March 21, 1960, when South African police began shooting on a crowd The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa [2] Gardner learned to play the trumpet and he enjoyed listening to music by Sly Stone, Buddy Miles, the Reverend James Brown and his all-time favorite, Miles Davis. Sly Stone (born Sylvester Stewart on 15 March 1943, in Denton, Texas) is an American Musician, Songwriter George Allen Miles Jr ( September 5, 1947 &ndash February 26, 2008) known as Buddy Miles, was an American rock James Joseph Brown Jr (May 3 1933 – December 25 2006 commonly referred to as "The Godfather of Soul" the "King of Funk" and "The Miles Dewey Davis III (May 26 1926 &ndash September 28 1991 was an American Jazz Trumpeter, Bandleader, and Composer. Gardner was also known to enjoy the music of Billy Joel, and his favorite song by Joel is said to be "Man in the Mirror". William Martin Joel (born May 9 1949 is an American Pianist and Singer-songwriter.

Although he was disgusted by his "Uncle" Henry's worldwide adventures in the United States Navy, Gardner decided to enlist in the Navy shortly after graduating high school, because he really had no other options. While in the Navy, Gardner became a Hospital corpsman and became acquainted with a top San Francisco cardiac surgeon, Dr. Hospital Corpsman (HM is a rating in the United States Navy and a member of the Navy's Hospital Corps The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city A cardiac surgeon is a Surgeon who performs Cardiac surgery - operative procedures on the Heart and Great vessels. Robert Ellis, who offered Gardner a position assisting him with innovative clinical research at the University of California Medical Center and Veterans Administration Hospital in San Francisco, California. Clinical research is a branch of Medical science that determines the safety and effectiveness of Medications devices, diagnostic products The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city Gardner accepted the job and moved to San Francisco upon his discharge from the Navy in 1974. Over the next two years, he learned how to manage a laboratory and to perform various card tricks. By 1976, he had full responsibilities in a laboratory of his own and had co-authored with Dr. Ellis various articles published in medical journals. [2]

Matrimony and parenthood

On June 18, 1977, Chris Gardner married Sherry Dyson, an educational expert in mathematics, from Virginia. Events 618 - Coronation of the Chinese governor Li Yuan as Emperor Gaozu of Tang, the new Emperor of China, initiating three centuries Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state With his knowledge, experience and contacts within the medical field, it appeared Gardner had his medical career plans laid out before him. However, with ten years of medical training ahead of him and with the changes in health care (such as HMOs) just on the horizon, he realized that the medical profession would be vastly different by the time he could practice medicine. "HMO" redirects here For other uses see HMO (disambiguation. Gardner was advised to consider other more lucrative career options; just before Gardner's 26th birthday, he informed his wife, Sherry, of his plans to abandon his dreams of becoming a doctor. [2]

His relationship with Sherry was strained, in part because of his decision to forgo a medical career and also due to differences in their attitudes, and, according to him, a lack of passion in their sex life. While still living with Sherry, he began a passionate affair with a dental student named Jackie Medina, and she soon became pregnant with his child. After three years of marriage to Sherry, he left her to move in with Jackie and to prepare for fatherhood. Nine years elapsed before he and Sherry were legally divorced. [2]

Gardner's son, Christopher Jarrett Medina Gardner was born on January 28, 1981. Events 1077 - Walk to Canossa: The Excommunication of Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor is lifted Year 1981 ( MCMLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 During the first year of his son's life, Gardner struggled to make ends meet by working at the VA hospital and supplementing his income with other jobs. He was hired as a sales representative for CMS, a medical equipment and supply company that offered him a yearly income of less than $30,000. Soon thereafter, Gardner left CMS to work at a more lucrative sales position at Van Waters and Rogers, a more established medical supply company. [2]

Prompted by his child's inquiries about his own father, Gardner had previously been able to track down his biological father, Thomas Turner, over the telephone. With the higher income that he was earning at his new job, Gardner was able to save enough money to travel to Monroe, Louisiana. Monroe is a city in and the Parish seat of Ouachita Parish, Louisiana, United States. There, he and his son met Turner for the first time. [2]

Gardner returned to San Francisco determined to succeed at business. A pivotal moment in his life occurred, after a sales call to a San Francisco General Hospital, when he encountered an impeccably-dressed man in a red Ferrari. Ferrari SpA is an Italian Sports car manufacturer based in Maranello, Italy Curious, Gardner asked the man what he did for a living. The man told him he was a stock broker and, from that moment on, Gardner's career path was decided. A stock broker or stockbroker is a qualified and regulated professional who buys and sells shares and other securities through Market makers or [6] Eventually, Gardner bought a Ferrari of his own from the famous basketball player, Michael Jordan. Michael Jeffrey Jordan (born February 17 1963 is a retired American professional Basketball player and active businessman [3] The Illinois license plate of Gardner's black Ferrari reads "NOT MJ. "

The stockbroker in the red Ferrari was a man by the name of Bob Bridges. He met with Gardner and gave him an introduction to the world of finance. Bridges set up meetings between Gardner and branch managers at the major stock brokerage firms that offered training programs — such as Merrill Lynch, Paine Webber, E.F. Hutton, Dean Witter Reynolds, and Smith Barney. Merrill Lynch & Co Inc () is a global financial services firm Paine Webber and Company was an American Stock brokerage and asset management firm that was acquired by the Swiss bank UBS AG in 2000 E F Hutton & Co was an American stock brokerage firm founded in 1904 by Edward Francis Hutton, his brother Franklyn Laws Hutton, and Dean Witter Reynolds was an American Stock brokerage catering to the Middle class. Smith Barney is a division of Citigroup Global Capital Markets Inc For the next two months, Gardner cancelled or postponed his sales appointments and his car amassed parking tickets while he met with managers. [2]

It appeared that Gardner got his "break" when he was accepted into a training program at E.F. Hutton. E F Hutton & Co was an American stock brokerage firm founded in 1904 by Edward Francis Hutton, his brother Franklyn Laws Hutton, and He subsequently quit his sales job so that he could dedicate his time exclusively to training as a stock broker. Then he appeared at the office ready to work, only to discover that his hiring manager had been fired the week before. To make matters worse, Gardner's relationship with Jackie was falling apart. She accused him of beating her — an accusation that Gardner denies to this day — and left him, taking their son with her to the east coast. The East Coast of the United States, also known as the "Eastern Seaboard" or "Atlantic Seaboard" refers to the easternmost coastal states in the central and northern He was taken to jail and a judge ordered that he stay there, for ten days, as punishment for being unable to pay $1,200 in parking tickets. [4]

Gardner returned home from jail to find his apartment empty. His girlfriend and his son, along with all of his possessions (including his suits, shoes and business apparel), had disappeared. With no experience, no college education, virtually no connections, and with the same casual outfit he had been wearing on the day he was taken into custody, Gardner gained a position in Dean Witter Reynolds’ stock brokerage training program. Dean Witter Reynolds was an American Stock brokerage catering to the Middle class. However, with a monthly stipend of $1,000 and no savings, he was unable to meet his living expenses. A stipend is a form of Monetary payment or salary such as for an Internship or Apprenticeship. [6]

Fatherhood amidst homelessness

Gardner worked to become a top trainee at Dean Witter Reynolds. He arrived at the office early and stayed late each day, persistently making calls to prospective clients with his goal being 200 calls/day. His perseverance paid off when, in 1982, Gardner passed his licensing exam on the first try and he came into the full employ of the firm. The verb license or grant license means to give permission The noun license is the document demonstrating that permission Eventually, Gardner was recruited away from Dean Witter to Bear Stearns in San Francisco.

About four months after Jackie disappeared with their son, she returned and left him with Gardner. By then, he was able to afford a small rent and was rooming in a flophouse. A flophouse (English doss-house or dosshouse) is a place that offers very cheap Lodging, generally by providing only He willingly accepted sole custody of his child; however, the rooming house where he lived did not allow children. Although he was gainfully employed, Gardner and his son secretly struggled with homelessness while he saved money for a rental house in Berkeley, California. Berkeley is a city on the east shore of San Francisco Bay in Northern California, in the United States.

Meanwhile, none of Gardner's coworkers knew that he and his son were homeless in the Tenderloin District of San Francisco for nearly a year. Gardner often scrambled to place his child in daycare, stood in soup lines and slept wherever he and his son could find safety — in his office after hours, at flophouses, at parks, and even in a locked bathroom at the Bay Area Rapid Transit station. Day care or child care is care of a child during the Day by a person other than the child's Parents or Legal guardians typically someone outside [1]

Concerned for Chris Jr. ’s well-being, Gardner asked Reverend Cecil Williams to allow them to stay at the Glide Memorial United Methodist Church’s shelter for homeless women, now known as The Cecil Williams Glide Community House. The Reverend agreed without hesitation. A Cecil Williams (born September 22, 1929) is an American minister of the United Methodist Church and a community leader author lecturer Glide Memorial Church is a United Methodist Church in San Francisco California that opened in 1929 [2] Today, when asked what he remembers about being homeless, Christopher Gardner, Jr. recalls "I couldn't tell you that we were homeless, I just knew that we were always having to go. So, if anything, I remember us just moving, always moving. " [3]

Business ventures

In 1987, Chris Gardner established the brokerage firm, Gardner Rich & Co, in Chicago, Illinois, an "institutional brokerage firm specializing in the execution of debt, equity and derivative products transactions for some of the nation’s largest institutions, public pension plans and unions. Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar) Gardner Rich & Co LLC is a NASD -registered private stock brokerage firm founded by Chris Gardner in 1987 with only $10000 and one piece of furniture Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. Debt is that which is owed usually referencing Assets owed but the term can cover other obligations Software for Fixed assets management and Stock control developed in 2004. In Calculus, a branch of mathematics the derivative is a measurement of how a function changes when the values of its inputs change A pension is a steady income given to a person upon Retirement, typically in the form of a guaranteed annuity. A trade union or labour union is an organization of workers who have banded together to achieve common goals in key areas such as wages hours and working conditions forming "[4] His new company was started in his small Presidential Towers apartment, with start-up capital of US$10,000 and a single piece of furniture: a wooden desk that doubled as the family dinner table. [7] Gardner reportedly owns 75 percent of his stock brokerage firm with the rest owned by a hedge fund. A hedge fund is a private Investment fund open to a limited range of investors which is permitted by regulators to undertake a wider range of activities than other investment He chose the name "Gardner Rich" for the company because he considers Marc Rich, the commodities trader pardoned by President Bill Clinton in 2001, "one of the most successful futures traders in the world. Marc Rich (born Marc David Reich on December 18, 1934) is an international commodities trader William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III, August 19 1946 served as the forty-second President of the United States In Finance, a futures contract is a standardized Contract, traded on a Futures exchange, to buy or sell a certain Underlying instrument [6]

After Gardner sold his small stake in Gardner Rich in a multi-million dollar deal in 2006, he became CEO and founder of Christopher Gardner International Holdings, with offices in New York, Chicago, and San Francisco. [4] During a visit to South Africa to observe elections around the time of 10th anniversary of the end of apartheid, Gardner met with Nelson Mandela to discuss possible investment in South African emerging markets as indicated in his 2006 autobiography. Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (xolíɬaɬa mandéːla born 18 July 1918 is a former President of South Africa, the first to be elected in fully representative Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Gardner is reportedly developing an investment venture with South Africa that will create hundreds of jobs and introduce millions in foreign currency into the nation. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa Gardner has declined to disclose details of the project citing securities laws. [8]

Philanthropic initiatives

Chris Gardner is a philanthropist who sponsors charitable organizations, primarily the Cara Program and the Glide Memorial United Methodist Church in San Francisco, where he and his son received desperately-needed shelter. Philanthropy is the act of donating money goods services time and/or effort to support a socially beneficial cause with a defined objective and with no financial or material Glide Memorial Church is a United Methodist Church in San Francisco California that opened in 1929 [4] He has helped fund a US$50 million project in San Francisco that creates low-income housing and opportunities for employment in the area of the city where he was once homeless. The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city Employment is a Contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. [1]As well as offering monetary support, Gardner donates clothing and shoes. He makes himself available for permanent job placement assistance, career counseling and comprehensive job training for the homeless population and at-risk communities in Chicago. [4]

Dedicated to the well-being of children through positive paternal involvement, Gardner serves on the board of the National Fatherhood Initiative (NFI). The National Fatherhood Initiative is US -based Non-profit, Non-partisan organization that aims to improve the well-being of children through the promotion [4] He is also a board member of the National Education Foundation and sponsors two annual education awards: the National Education Association's National Educational Support Personnel Award and the American Federation of Teachers' Paraprofessionals and School-Related Personnel Award. [4]

In 2002, Gardner received the Father of the Year Award from the NFI. Since then, Gardner also had the honor of receiving the 25th Annual Humanitarian Award and the 2006 Friends of Africa Award, presented by the Los Angeles Commission on Assaults Against Women (LACAAW) and by the Continental Africa Chamber of Commerce, respectively. [4]

In 2008, He spoke at his daughter's graduation from Hampton University

Book and motion picture

Gardner realized his story had Hollywood potential after an overwhelming national response to an interview he did with 20/20 in January 2002. Hampton University is a historically black university located in Hampton Virginia, United States. 20/20 is an American television Newsmagazine broadcast on ABC since June 6, 1978. [9] He published his autobiography on May 23, 2006, before becoming an associate producer of the major motion picture The Pursuit of Happyness, directed by Gabriele Muccino and released by Columbia Pictures on December 15, 2006. Events 1430 - Siege of Compiègne: Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians while leading an army to relieve Compiègne Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The Pursuit of Happyness is a 2006 American Biographical film directed by Gabriele Muccino about the on and off-homeless salesman-turned-stockbroker Gabriele Muccino (born May 20, 1967) is an Italian director. He is the older brother of actor Silvio Muccino, who often appears in }} Columbia Pictures Industries Inc is an American Film production and distribution company Events 533 - Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. [4] The unusual spelling of the film's title comes from a sign Gardner saw when he was homeless. In the film, "happiness" is misspelled outside the daycare facility Gardner's son attends.

The movie, starring Will Smith, Thandie Newton, and Smith's son Jaden Christopher Syre Smith, focused on Gardner's nearly one-year struggle with homelessness. Thandiwe Adjewa "Thandie" Newton (born 6 November 1972) is a BAFTA - and SAG Award -winning English actress. Jaden Christopher Syre Smith (born July 8, 1998) is an American Actor and Dancer. It grossed $163 million domestically at the box office and over $300 million worldwide, also one of Will Smith's consecutive $100 million blockbusters. The movie took some liberties with Gardner's true life-story. Certain details and events that actually took place over the span of several years were compressed into a relatively short time and although eight-year-old Jaden portrayed Chris Jr. as a five year-old, Gardner's son was just a toddler at the time. Chris Gardner reportedly thought Will Smith—an actor best known for his performances in action movies—was mis-cast to play him. However, he said, his daughter Jacintha set him straight by saying, "If Smith can play Muhammad Ali, he can play you!"[10] Gardner actually makes a cameo appearance in the film, walking past Will and Jaden in the final scene. Biography Early life Cassius Clay Jr was born on January 17 1942 A cameo role or cameo appearance (often shortened to just cameo) is a brief appearance of a known person in a work of the Performing arts, such as Gardner and Will acknowledge each other; Will then looks back at Gardner walking away as his son proceeds to tell him knock knock jokes. The knock-knock joke is a type of Joke, probably the best-known format of the Pun, and is a time-honoured "call and answer" exercise

In the hope Gardner's story would inspire the down-trodden citizens of Chattanooga, Tennessee to achieve financial independence and to take greater responsibility for the welfare of their families, the mayor of Chattanooga organized a viewing of the film for the city's homeless. [11] Gardner himself felt that it was imperative to share his story for the sake of its widespread social issues. "When I talk about alcoholism in the household, domestic violence, child abuse, illiteracy, and all of those issues—those are universal issues; those are not just confined to ZIP codes," he said. The ZIP code is the system of Postal codes used by the United States Postal Service (USPS [1]

Chris Gardner was noticeably absent from the movie's premiere on December 15, 2006. Events 533 - Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. He chose, instead, to be the guest inspirational speaker at a Christmas party for JHT Holdings, Inc. , in Kenosha, Wisconsin. Kenosha (kəˈnoʊʃə is a city in and the county seat of Kenosha County, United States. [12]

Chris is also featured in the Canadian documentary, "Come on Down: Searching for the American Dream" (2004). [13] Chris gives valuable insight into the American Dream at his office in downtown Chicago. The American Dream is Belief in the Freedom that allows all citizens and residents of the United States to achieve their goals The documentary also features Bob Barker and Hunter S. Thompson. Robert William Barker (Born December 12 1923) is a nineteen-time Emmy Award -winning former American Television Game show Hunter Stockton Thompson ( July 18, 1937 &ndash February 20, 2005) was an American Journalist and Author, most

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e Gandossy, Taylor. Homelessness is the condition and social category of people who lack housing because they cannot afford or are otherwise unable to maintain regular safe and adequate shelter Gardner Rich & Co LLC is a NASD -registered private stock brokerage firm founded by Chris Gardner in 1987 with only $10000 and one piece of furniture The Pursuit of Happyness is a 2006 American Biographical film directed by Gabriele Muccino about the on and off-homeless salesman-turned-stockbroker The term "Rags to Riches" refers to any situation in which a person rises from Poverty to Wealth, or sometimes from obscurity to fame "From sleeping on the streets to Wall Street", CNN, Janurary 16, 2006. Cable News Network, usually referred to by its Initialism CNN, is a major English language Television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner Retrieved on 2006-12-19. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 324 - Licinius abdicates his position as Roman Emperor.  
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Gardner, Chris (2006). The Pursuit of Happyness. Amistad. 978-0-06-074487-8.  
  3. ^ a b c d e f Oprah Winfrey. The Oprah Winfrey Show [TV Show].
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Christopher Gardner: The Official Site. Retrieved on 2006-12-31. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia.
  5. ^ "The Pursuit of Happyness", Sony, December 2006. is a multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Minato Tokyo, Japan, and one of the world's largest Media conglomerates with Retrieved on 2006-12-19. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 324 - Licinius abdicates his position as Roman Emperor.  
  6. ^ a b c d Yang, Jia Lynn. "'Happyness' for sale: He's gone from homeless single dad to successful stockbroker.", CNN Money, September 15 2006. CNNMoneycom is the world's largest business website. The site is the online home of Fortune, Money, and FSB Fortune Small Retrieved on 2006-12-19. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 324 - Licinius abdicates his position as Roman Emperor.  
  7. ^ Konkol, Mark J. . "'Jesus loves me. He only likes you'", Chicago Sun-Times, December 15, 2006. The Chicago Sun-Times is an American daily Newspaper published in Chicago, Illinois. Retrieved on 2006-12-19. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 324 - Licinius abdicates his position as Roman Emperor.  
  8. ^ Costantinou, Marianne. "Chris Gardner has pursued happiness, from the Glide soup kitchen to the big screen", San Francisco Chronicle, October 10, 2005. The San Francisco Chronicle was founded in 1865 as The Daily Dramatic Chronicle by teenage brothers Charles de Young and Michael H Retrieved on 2006-12-19. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 324 - Licinius abdicates his position as Roman Emperor.  
  9. ^ Zwecker, Bill. "There’s a Way—and Maybe a Will—for Gardner Story", Chicago Sun-Times, 2003-07-17, p. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 180 - Twelve inhabitants of Scillium in North Africa are executed for being Christians  Pg. 36.  
  10. ^ "Christopher Gardner unimpressed with Will Smith", Newswire, HT Media Ltd. , 2006-12-14, pp. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1287 - St Lucia's flood: The Zuider Zee sea wall in the Netherlands collapses killing over 50000 people  102 words. (English) 
  11. ^ "News briefs from around Tennessee", AP Newswire, 2006-12-15, pp. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 533 - Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of  788 words. (English) 
  12. ^ AP staff. "Man Who Inspired B.O. Hit Skips Opening", Associated Press, 2006 December 24. The Associated Press ( AP) is an American News agency. The AP is a Cooperative owned by its contributing Newspapers radio Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 563 - The Byzantine church Hagia Sophia in Constantinople is dedicated for the second time after being destroyed by Earthquakes Retrieved on 2007-02-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 211 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus dies leaving the Roman Empire in the hands of his two quarrelsome sons  
  13. ^ Manifestation Television Inc

External links


Persondata
NAME Gardner, Chris
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Gardner, Christopher Paul; Gardner, Christopher
SHORT DESCRIPTION Entrepreneur, Brokerage specialist
DATE OF BIRTH February 9, 1954
PLACE OF BIRTH Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.
DATE OF DEATH
PLACE OF DEATH
Events 474 - Zeno crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. Year 1954 ( MCMLIV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1954 Gregorian calendar) Wisconsin ( or wɪˈskɑnsɨn (French Ouisconsin) is one of the fifty United States of America, located in the north central part of the United States The United States of America —commonly referred to as the
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