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Chrétien Urhan
Chrétien Urhan

Chrétien Urhan (Baptised as Christian Urhan; February 16, 1790, Montjoie - November 2, 1845, Belleville) was a violinist, organist, composer and player of the viola and the viola d'amore. Events 1249 - Andrew of Longjumeau is dispatched by Louis IX of France as his ambassador to meet with the Khan of the Mongols Year 1790 ( MDCCXC) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Monschau (Montjoie is a Town in the west of Germany, located in the district Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia. Events 1570 - A Tidal wave in the North Sea devastates the coast from Holland to Jutland, killing more than 1000 Year 1845 ( MDCCCXLV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Belleville is a Neighbourhood of Paris, France, located in the XXe arrondissement and XIXe arrondissement and parts of the Xe The violin is a bowed String instrument with four strings usually tuned in Perfect fifths It is the smallest and highest-pitched member The organ (from Greek όργανον – organon "organ instrument tool" is a Keyboard instrument of one or more divisions each The viola is a bowed String instrument. It is the middle voice of the Violin family, The viola d'amore ( Italian: love Viol) is a 7- or 6- stringed Musical instrument with Sympathetic strings used chiefly in the

Contents

Career outline

His father first introduced him to the violin. He was first mentioned in 1804 by Joséphine de Beauharnais that he had replaced a violinist for a performance of Haydn's The Creation, at the young age of 14. Joséphine de Beauharnais (born Marie Josèphe Rose de Tascher de la Pagerie June 23 1763 &ndash May 29 1814) was the first The Creation (Die Schöpfung is an Oratorio written between 1796 and 1798 by Joseph Haydn ( H From there he was sent to work in Paris, where he took instruction from Jean-François Lesueur, master of the chapel of the Tuileries. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Jean-François Le Sueur (or Lesueur) ( 15 February 1760 — 6 October 1837) was a French Composer, best known for his The Palais des Tuileries was a royal Palace in Paris. It stood on the right bank of the River Seine until 1871, when it was destroyed He also learned from prominent teachers such as François-Antoine Habeneck, Rodolphe Kreutzer and Pierre Rode. François Antoine Habeneck ( January 22, 1781 &ndash February 8, 1849) was a French violinist and conductor. Rodolphe Kreutzer ( November 16, 1766 – January 6, 1831) was a French Violinist, teacher conductor, and Jacques Pierre Joseph Rode ( February 16, 1774 – November 25, 1830) was a French Violinist and Composer. He was invited to join the imperial chapel as a violinist in 1810.

In this period the young Urhan shared lodgings with his friends the harpist Franz Anton Stockhausen (father of Julius Stockhausen) and the painter Carl Begas the elder (who was studying with Antoine Jean Gros, 1813-15). Julius Christian Stockhausen ( 22 July 1826, Paris - 22 September 1906, Frankfurt am Main) was a German Karl Begas (sometimes Carl Joseph Begas) (1794-1854 was a German historical painter born at Heinsberg near Aix-la-Chapelle. Baron Antoine-Jean Gros ( March 16, 1771 - June 25, 1835) was a French painter, born in Paris In 1815, through a Quartermaster in the Prussian army of occupation, Urhan and Stockhausen (who corresponded with Beethoven) obtained a score of Beethoven's Eroica Symphony and set it before Habeneck, with the result that the work was introduced to Paris. The two were among Amis de Beethoven, or Beethoven-Bruder in Paris, together with Wilhelm Mangold and others. In the early 1820s the violinist Sina, a member of the string quartet led by Schuppanzigh for Andreas Razumovsky, with Urhan gave new encouragement to Habeneck to continue with the master's works. Ignaz Schuppanzigh November 20, 1776 – March 2, 1830, was a violinist friend and teacher of Beethoven, and leader of Count Until Stockhausen's marriage to the singer Margarethe Schmuck, a member of their circle, in 1825, he lived with Urhan, who remained a lifelong friend. Margarethe Stockhausen (b Guebwiller, Alsace 29 March 1803 d Colmar 1877 born Margarethe Schmuck, was a Soprano singer who had a distinguished [1]

In 1816, Urhan was appointed solo viola at the Opéra de Paris, and became solo violinist in 1825. Opéra National de Paris is the leading Opera company of France. Strongly Catholic, he was also appointed the organist at the Church of Saint-Vincent-de-Paul in Paris in 1827, a position that he held until his death. In this position he met the young Franz Liszt, with whom he played chamber music, and also the Beethoven Kreutzer Sonata in a mass. Ludwig van Beethoven ( English ˈlʊdvɪg væn ˈbeɪtoʊvən, 16 December 1770 &ndash 26 March 1827 was a German Composer and Pianist. Violin Sonata No 9 in A major, commonly known as the Kreutzer Sonata, is a Violin sonata which Ludwig van Beethoven published in 1802 A number of well-known composers wrote prominent parts for Urhan. In 1834, Berlioz offered to him the solo viola part in Harold in Italy (which was originally intended for Paganini. Niccolò Paganini ( October 27, 1782 &ndash Meyerbeer also composed a solo viola d'amore part in his opera Les Huguenots. Giacomo Meyerbeer ( September 5, 1791 &ndash May 2, 1864) was a noted German -born Opera Composer, and

His character, seen by Ernest Legouvé

According to Ernest Legouvé,[2] he was both entirely religious and entirely devoted to music. Gabriel Jean Baptiste Ernest Wilfrid Legouvé ( 5 February 1807 - 14 March 1903) was a French Dramatist. He lived like a medieval ascetic, abstaining from almost everything except his daily visit to the Café des Anglais. His love for theatre music created a severe inner conflict, which he overcame by asking the permission of the Archbishop to play in the orchestra of the Opéra (of which he was Leader), being told it was a matter for his own conscience. He accepted this by always being seated with his back to the stage, so that he never saw the singers or dancers for whom he played, even when providing solo accompaniment for a dancer.

He was in many other ways withdrawn and eccentric. He once visited Legouvé's wife and sat silently in her house for a time, and only as he left spoke, saying 'Thankyou, I needed to come and see you. ' On another occasion, while walking in the Bois de Boulogne, a voice came into his mind and instructed him to write down a tune. The Bois de Boulogne is a park located along the western edge of the 16ème arrondissement of Paris, near the suburb of Boulogne-Billancourt. He did so, and published it, but refused to be credited as its author, calling it 'transcription', and insisting that Legouvé write an article on the miraculous composition.

However, no-one thought of laughing at him, because he led such an austere life, and gave everything he earned to charity. His dignity, not for himself but for the music he served, was proverbial. When a beautiful young duchess made a slight commotion entering a concert given by the Marquis de Prault at the faubourg Saint-Honoré, during a Beethoven string ensemble movement led by Urhan, the violinist rapped with his bow to stop the music and waited for total silence before restarting the movement.

Legouvé thought there were several greater violin virtuousi in Paris than Urhan, but that he outshone them through his profound knowledge of the masters and respect for their music, and through the indefinable quality of style which he brought to them. He often differed with Habeneck, when the conductor wanted to make cuts, and actually published and signed an article against Habeneck when he withdrew some double-basses from Beethoven's Choral Symphony. He did not merely guard the reputation of the old masters, but he was also a fierce advocate and defender of the new, and of those of the future. He was the first to introduce a song of Schubert's into France ('L'Adieu'). For Legouvé, to see him play was like watching Fra Angelico painting in his cell, a medieval mystic at work. Fra Angelico (c 1395 &ndash February 18 1455) born Guido di Pietro, was an Early Italian Renaissance painter referred to in Vasari

Urhan's death

The Stockhausens visited Urhan in his fifth-floor Paris apartment in 1839, and found him living in great simplicity in two rooms, with a piano and five stools in his bedroom, where they sat and were made very welcome. [3] In 1843 Urhan encouraged their son Julius while he was in Paris. [4] In November 1845 Julius wrote to inform his parents of Urhan's death. He had been living in pitiable conditions in Belleville, and began to refuse his food: thoughts of suicide made him resolve to starve himself to death. He suffered agonies of pain and descended into a frenzy, giving terrible grief to his friends, none of whom could talk him out of it. All interventions failed, and Urhan, whom the Stockhausen and Legentil families considered their dear friend, and who had formerly taken communion every Sunday, lost his faith in God and his desire for life. The Sacré-Cœur Basilica ( French: Basilique du Sacré-Cœur, "Basilica of the Sacred Heart" is a Roman Catholic Basilica and popular Thus he died, quietly at last with friends at his bedside, on 2 November 1845. [5]

Compositions

These are a small selection of his large number of chamber ensemble compositions.

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Notes

  1. ^ Wirth 1927, 3-12, 29.
  2. ^ Legouvé 1886-87, Chapter 8.
  3. ^ Wirth 1927, 37.
  4. ^ Wirth 1927, 48.
  5. ^ Wirth 1927, 63-64.

External links

Sources

This article began as a translation of the article in French Wikipedia.

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