| Chojna | |||
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  Chojna
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| Coordinates: | |||
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| Country |  Poland |
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| Voivodeship | West Pomeranian | ||
| County | Gryfino | ||
| Gmina | Chojna | ||
| Town rights | 1255 | ||
| Government | |||
| - Mayor | Adam Fedorowicz | ||
| Area | |||
| - Total | 12. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Voivodeship The voivodeship or province (województwo has been a high-level Administrative subdivision of Poland since the 14th century West Pomeranian Voivodeship (also known by its Polish name of województwo zachodniopomorskie or simply Zachodniopomorskie) is a voivodeship A powiat (pronounced; Polish plural powiaty) is the second-level unit of Local government and administration in Poland, equivalent to a County Gryfino County (powiat gryfiński is a unit of territorial administration and local government ( Powiat) in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-western Poland The gmina or Municipality (frequently translated commune) plural gminy, is the principal unit (lowest level of territorial division in Poland Gmina Chojna is an urban-rural Gmina (administrative district in Gryfino County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland, on the Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 12 km² (4. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 7 sq mi) | ||
| Population (2006) | |||
| - Total | 7,187 | ||
| - Density | 593/km² (1,535. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 8/sq mi) | ||
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | ||
| - Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | ||
| Postal code | 74-500 | ||
| Area code(s) | +48 91 | ||
| Car plates | ZGR | ||
| Website: http://www.chojna.pl | |||
Chojna [ˈxɔjna] (German: Königsberg in der Neumark; Latin: Regiomontanus Neomarchicus) is a small town in western Poland in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship. Central European Time ( CET) is one of the names of the Time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+1 is used in the following locations Central European Time West Africa Time Western European Summer Time Daylight saving time ( DST Central European Summer Time ( CEST) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks In common with many Countries, Polish car number plates indicate the Region of Registration of the Vehicle encoded in the number plate The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland West Pomeranian Voivodeship (also known by its Polish name of województwo zachodniopomorskie or simply Zachodniopomorskie) is a voivodeship It lies approximately 60 km south of Szczecin and participates in the Douzelage. The Douzelage is a Town twinning association with one town from each of the member states of the European Union
Chojna is located near two border crossings (Bad Freienwalde and Schwedt) on the Oder River with Germany. Bad Freienwalde is a town in the Märkisch-Oderland district in Brandenburg, Germany. Schwedt (or Schwedt/Oder) (pronunciation) is a city in Brandenburg, Germany. The Oder (known in Czech and Polish as Odra) is a River in Central Europe. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe.
Contents |
History
High Middle Ages
From the 10th-12th centuries an early Pomeranian fortification, probably with a market, developed at the location of present-day Chojna. The Pomeranians (Pomeranen Pòmòrzónie Pomorzanie were a group of West Slavic Tribes who lived along the shore of the Baltic Sea between Oder Sao Paulo Stock Exchangejpg|thumb| Virtual market arena where buyer and seller are not present and trade via intemediates and electronical information Because of its favorable location on trading routes leading to the principalities of Great Poland and the duchies of Pomerania, the settlement developed quickly. Greater Poland or Great Poland, Polish Wielkopolska (Großpolen Latin: Polonia Maior) is a historical region of west-central Poland Duke Boguslaw I of Pomerania was entombed in the settlement's church after his death in 1187. After 1200 the settlement received Magdeburg rights from Duke Barnim I the Good. Magdeburg Rights (Magdeburger Recht or Magdeburg Law were a set of German town laws regulating the degree of internal autonomy within cities and villages granted with Barnim I the Good (born c 1217-1219 died December 13 1278 in Altdamm) was a Pomeranian ruler from the Griffin dynasty It was referred to as "Konigesberge" for the first time in 1244 and passed to the Bishopric of Brandenburg after its acquisition of part of the Neumark in 1252. Brandenburg an der Havel is a Town in the state of Brandenburg, Germany. The Neumark ( also known as the New March (Nowa Marchia or East Brandenburg ( was a region of the Prussian Province of Brandenburg, Populated with German knights and colonists, the town's name "Konigesberge" evolved into the later German name "Königsberg" ("King's Mountain"). The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as After the cession of the "terra Konigesberge" from the Bishops of Brandenburg to the Ascanian Margraves of Brandenburg, the town was granted the right to hold a market as well as regional legal jurisdiction, causing it to become the main town of the Neumark at that time. The House of Ascania (Askanier was a Dynasty of German rulers Brandenburg ( Lower Sorbian: Bramborska; Upper Sorbian: Braniborska) is one of the sixteen states of Germany.
Late Middle Ages
A parish church by existed by 1282, while an Augustian monastery was founded in 1290. The Augustinians, named after Saint Augustine of Hippo (died AD 430) are several Catholic Monastic orders and congregations From 1310-1329 Königsberg experienced an economic boom through the trade of corn, allowing the town to receive further market privileges. The town hall was built in 1320. Trade goods were shipped over the Oder and Röhricke rivers. During the 13th and 14th centuries a defensive wall was built around the town with numerous towers and three city gates (Schwedter Tor, Bernikower Tor, and Vierradener Tor, the latter demolished in the 19th century). See also List of cities with defensive walls A defensive wall is a Fortification used to defend a city or settlement from potential aggressors A city gate is a Gate which is or was set within a City wall. From 1402-1454 Königsberg was under the control of the Teutonic Knights after the pawning of the Neumark by Brandenburg. The Teutonic Order is a German Roman Catholic religious order. The Church of St. Mary and the reconstructed town hall (1410) built during this time were some of the most aesthetic Gothic buildings in the Neumark. See also Gothic art Gothic architecture is a style of Architecture which flourished during the high and late medieval period.
Renaissance
The strong town withstood an attack by the Hussites in 1433 during the Hussite Wars. The Hussites were a Christian movement following the teachings of Czech reformer Jan Hus or John Huss (c The Hussite Wars, also called the Bohemian Wars involved the military actions against and amongst the followers of Jan Hus in Bohemia in the period 1420 The town flourished economically during the German Renaissance beginning in the 15th century, but the majority of its population died from three plagues during the 16th and 17th centuries. The German Renaissance, part of the Northern Renaissance, was a cultural and artistic movement that spread among German thinkers in the 15th and 16th Königsberg had several churches: the Augustinian monastery church, the Augustinian hospital church of the Holy Spirit, and the Churches of Saints Mary, Nicholas, George, and Gertrude. In mainstream Christianity, the Holy Spirit or Holy Ghost is one of the three entities of the Holy Trinity which make up the single substance Saint Nicholas (Άγιος Νικόλαος, Agios Nikolaos, "victory of the people" is the common name for Nicholas of Myra, a Christian Saint In Christian hagiography Saint George is one of the most venerated saints in the Anglican Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox The town gradually converted to Lutheranism from 1539-1553 during the Protestant Reformation, resulting in the dissolution of the monastery in 1536. Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the teachings of the sixteenth-century German reformer Martin Luther The Protestant Reformation was a reform movement in Europe that began in 1517 though its roots lie further back in time Its buildings were instead used as a hospital and school, while its church was used as a storehouse. During the Thirty Years' War, Königsberg was occupied at different times by the Imperial troops of Albrecht von Wallenstein and the Swedish troops of King Gustavus Adolphus, in the course of which the town was 52% destroyed. For the Mauritanian Thirty Years' War see Char Bouba war. For the band see The 30 Years War. The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in Sweden was between 1611 and 1718 one of the Great powers of Europe For the other Swedish kings known as Gustavus Adolphus see Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden or Gustav VI Adolf of Sweden After the destruction of the Church of St. Mary's tower by a lightning bolt in 1682, reconstruction commenced until 1692.
Early modern age
A new Baroque pulpit was built in 1714, as well as an organ built by Joachim Wagner in 1734. Baroque architecture, starting in the early 17th century in Italy, took the humanist Roman vocabulary of Renaissance architecture and used it in a new rhetorical The organ (from Greek όργανον – organon "organ instrument tool" is a Keyboard instrument of one or more divisions each Königsberg began to revive economically after the foundation of the Kingdom of Prussia, becoming the seat of the government of the Neumark in 1759 during the Seven Years' War. The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918 and from 1871 was the leading state of the German Empire, comprising The Seven Years' War (1756&ndash1763 involved all of the major European powers of the period causing 900000 to 1400000 deaths In 1767 the Schwedter and Bernikower Gates were partially dismantled to provide stone for the construction of a barracks at the former monastery. Barracks are living quarters for personnel on a Military post The town's inhabitants initially specialized in agriculture and forestry and later in the weaving of fine textiles. That industry declined, however, around 1840 with the onset of industrialization. Königsberg became the seat of the district Landkreis Königsberg Nm. in 1809 and part of the Province of Brandenburg in 1816. } The Province of Brandenburg (Provinz Brandenburg was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia and the Free State of Prussia from 1815 to 1946 The former monastery buildings began to deteriorate in 1820. Königsberg became part of the German Empire in 1871 and flourished after being connected to a railway network in 1877. The German Empire is the name commonly used in English to describe Germany from 1871 to 1918 when it was a semi- Constitutional monarchy: beginning with the Unification "Railroad" and "Railway" both redirect here For other uses see Railroad (disambiguation. The town also served as an education and administrative seat for the surrounding region.
World War II
In 1939 the Luftwaffe constructed an airfield near the gates of Königsberg. ( German 'luftvafe is a generic German term for an Air force. In January 1945 battles on the Eastern Front of World War II occurred near the town. The Eastern Front of World War II (die Ostfront 1941-1945, der Rußlandfeldzug 1941-1945 (Russian campaign or der Ostfeldzug 1941-1945 (Eastern Campaign World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Because he had fled the town without issuing a general evacuation order, the burgomaster of Königsberg was condemned to death by hanging on February 4, 1945 by an SS court martial chaired by Otto Skorzeny. Events 211 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus dies leaving the Roman Empire in the hands of his two quarrelsome sons Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar The ( German for "Protective Squadron" abbreviated SS - or ( Runic)- was a major Nazi organization under Adolf Hitler and the A court-martial (plural courts-martial) is a Military court. These military courts can determine Punishments for members of the Military subject Otto Skorzeny ( June 12 1908 – July 6 1975) was an Obersturmbannführer in the German Waffen-SS On the same day the Soviet Red Army occupied the town. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 The Red Army ( Russian: Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия R aboche- K rest'yanskaya K rasnaya A rmiya The entire center with the Church of St. Mary and the town hall were burnt on February 16, 1945; Königsberg was 80% destroyed during the war. Events 1249 - Andrew of Longjumeau is dispatched by Louis IX of France as his ambassador to meet with the Khan of the Mongols Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Upon war's end Königsberg was placed under Polish administration, had its German population expelled, and was renamed Chojna. The expulsion of Germans after World War II was the Forced migration and Ethnic cleansing of German nationals ( Reichsdeutsche) and ethnic
Poland
Vestiges of the war are still visible in some of Chojna's buildings. The foundation wall of the destroyed town hall was rebuilt for use as a cultural center, town library, and public house. The monastery was also reconstructed, while the marketplace was newly built. Reconstruction of the destroyed Marienkirche began in 1994 as a joint German-Polish cooperation. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. In 1997 the roof of the church's nave was covered, while the pyramidal tower roof of the tower was reconditioned in a 19th century Neo-gothic style. The Gothic Revival is an architectural movement which began Chojna's two main landmarks are thus the town hall and the Church of St. Mary, both historical buildings by the Gothic architect Hinrich Brunsberg.
Sights
Chojna is on The European Route of Brick Gothic. The European Route of Brick Gothic (EuRoB is a touristic route connecting 31 cities with Brick Gothic Architecture in seven countries along the Baltic Sea
- Cathedral
- The Augustinian monastery and the remains of the city wall with the Schwedter and Bernikower Gates. The Augustinians, named after Saint Augustine of Hippo (died AD 430) are several Catholic Monastic orders and congregations This article concerns the buildings occupied by monastics. For the life inside monasteries and its historical roots see Monasticism.
- Enormous platanus. Platanus is a small genus of Trees native to the Northern Hemisphere.
References
This article is based on the German Wikipedia's Chojna article, accessed May 26, 2006. Chojna (Königsberg in der Neumark Latin: Regiomontanus Neomarchicus) is a small town in western Poland in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship Events 451 - The Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sassanid Empire takes place Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
Further reading
- H. -G. Bluhm, W. Pflug, B. Regenberg, R. H. Tamm (Hrsg. ). Kreis Königsberg/Neumark, Erinnerungen an einen ostbrandenburgischen Landkreis. Berlin / Bonn, 2. Aufl. , 1997, ISBN 3-929592-13-4.
External links
- Municipal website (Polish)
- Reconstruction of the Church of St. Mary (German)
- Genealogical information about Königsberg in der Neumark (German)
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