Chlorosulfuric acid
IUPAC name	chlorosulfonic acid
Other names	chloridosulfonic acid, sulfuric chlorohydrin
Identifiers
CAS number	[7790-94-5]
RTECS number	FX5730000
SMILES	O=S(O)(Cl)=O
Properties
Molecular formula	HSO3Cl
Molar mass	116. IUPAC Nomenclature is a system of naming Chemical compounds and of describing the science of Chemistry in general CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for Chemical compounds Polymers biological sequences mixtures and Alloys They are also referred to Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances ( RTECS) is a Database of Toxicity information compiled from the open scientific literature without reference A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the Atoms that constitute a particular Chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes Molar mass, symbol M, is the Mass of one mole of a substance ( Chemical element or Chemical compound) 52 g mol−1
Appearance	colorless liquid that fumes in air
Density	1. The density of a material is defined as its Mass per unit Volume: \rho = \frac{m}{V} Different materials usually have different 753 g cm−3
Melting point	−80 °C
Boiling point	151-152 °C (755 mm Hg)
Solubility in other solvents	reacts with water, alcohols soluble in chlorocarbons
Refractive index (nD)	1. The melting point of a solid is the temperature range at which it changes state from solid to Liquid. The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the Vapor pressure of the liquid equals the environmental pressure surrounding the liquid Solubility is the characteristic Physical property referring to the ability of a given substance the Solute, to dissolve in a Solvent. The refractive index (or index of Refraction) of a medium is a measure for how much the speed of light (or other waves such as sound waves is reduced inside the medium 433
Structure
Molecular shape	tetrahedral
Hazards
Main hazards	corrosive evolves HCl upon hydrolysis
NFPA 704	4 2
R-phrases	14-35-37
S-phrases	26-45
Related compounds
Related compounds	sulfuryl chloride sulfuric acid
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references

Chlorosulfuric acid is ClSO₂OH. Molecular geometry or molecular structure is the three- Dimensional arrangement of the Atoms that constitute a Molecule. Occupational safety and health is a cross-disciplinary area concerned with protecting the Safety, Health and welfare of people engaged in Symbolism The four divisions are typically color-coded with blue indicating level of Health Hazard, red indicating R-phrases (short for Risk Phrases) are defined in Annex III of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Nature of special risks attributed to dangerous S-phrases are defined in Annex IV of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Safety advice concerning dangerous substances and preparations. Sulfuryl chloride is SO2Cl2 a compound composed of Sulfur, Oxygen, and Chlorine. Sulfuric (or sulphuric acid, H 2 S[[oxygen O]]4 is a strong Mineral acid. In Chemistry, the standard state of a material is its state at 1 bar (100 Kilopascals exactly This tetrahedral molecule is an intermediate, chemically and conceptually, between SO₂Cl₂ and H₂SO₄. Sulfuryl chloride is SO2Cl2 a compound composed of Sulfur, Oxygen, and Chlorine. Sulfuric (or sulphuric acid, H 2 S[[oxygen O]]4 is a strong Mineral acid. It is also known as chlorosulfonic acid. It is a distilable, colorless liquid that should be handled with care. It is a hygroscopic and a powerful lachrymator. Hygroscopy is the ability of a substance to attract Water Molecules from the surrounding environment through either absorption or Adsorption A lachrymatory agent or lachrymator (from lacrima meaning "a tear " in Latin) (commonly referred to as tear gas) is a

Contents 1 Synthesis 2 Related compounds 3 Applications 4 Safety considerations 5 References

Synthesis

The industrial synthesis entails the reaction of hydrogen chloride with a solution of sulfur trioxide in sulfuric acid:

HCl + SO₃ → ClSO₂OH

It can also be prepared by chlorination of sulfuric acid, written here for pedagogical purposes as SO₂(OH)₂, vs. Sulfur trioxide (also spelled sulphur trioxide) is the chemical compound with the formula SO3 the usual format H₂SO₄:

PCl₅ + SO₂(OH)₂ → ClSO₂OH + POCl₃ + HCl

The latter method is more suited for laboratory-scale operations.

Related compounds

• FSO₂OH is a strong acid and shows only a mild tendency to evolve HF. Fluorosulfuric acid is FSO3H it is one of the strongest acids commercially available
• Bromosulfonic acid, BrSO₂OH, is unstable, decomposing at its melting point of 8°C to give Br₂, SO₂, and H₂SO₄.
• Iodosulfonic acid is unknown.

Applications

ClSO₂OH is used to prepare sulfonic acids, which are useful in detergents and as chemical intermediates.

R-H + ClSO₂OH → RSO₂OH + HCl

An early synthesis of saccharin begins with the reaction of toluene with ClSO₂OH to give the ortho- and para-toluene sulfonyl chloride derivatives:

CH₃C₆H₅ + ClSO₂OH → CH₃C₆H₄SO₂Cl + HCl

Oxidation of the ortho isomer gives the benzoic acid derivative that then is cyclized with ammonia and neutralized with base to afford saccharin. Saccharin is an Artificial sweetener. The basic substance Benzoic sulfinide, has effectively no Food energy and is about 300 times as sweet as Benzoic acid, C7H6O2 (or C6H5COOH is a colorless crystalline solid and the simplest Aromatic Carboxylic acid

Safety considerations

ClSO₂OH reacts violently with water to release HCl. Inhalation of ClSO₂OH would generate HCl in the lungs, which is very dangerous. Thus, precautions associated with HCl should be observed.

References

• Holleman, A. F. ; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001, pages 549-550 (discussion of XSO₂OH for X = F, Cl, Br, I)
• R. J. Cremlyn, "Chlorosulfonic Acid" Springer-Verlag New York, Inc. (Royal Society of Chemistry, 2002, 300 pp. ISBN 978-0-85404-498-6

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