Chloropicrin
IUPAC name	trichloro(nitro)methane
Other names	PS
Identifiers
CAS number	[76-06-2]
SMILES	ClC(Cl)(Cl)[N+]([O-])=O
Properties
Molecular formula	CCl3NO2
Molar mass	164. IUPAC Nomenclature is a system of naming Chemical compounds and of describing the science of Chemistry in general CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for Chemical compounds Polymers biological sequences mixtures and Alloys They are also referred to A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the Atoms that constitute a particular Chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes Molar mass, symbol M, is the Mass of one mole of a substance ( Chemical element or Chemical compound) 375
Appearance	colorless liquid
Melting point	-69. The melting point of a solid is the temperature range at which it changes state from solid to Liquid. 2 °C
Boiling point	112 °C (dec)
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references

Chloropicrin is a slightly oily, colorless or faintly yellow liquid of the formula CCl₃NO₂. The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the Vapor pressure of the liquid equals the environmental pressure surrounding the liquid In Chemistry, the standard state of a material is its state at 1 bar (100 Kilopascals exactly Its freezing point is -69. 2 °C and its boiling point is 112 °C, where it partially decomposes to phosgene and nitrosyl chloride. Phosgene is the Chemical compound with the formula COCl2 This colorless gas gained infamy as a Chemical weapon during World War I Nitrosyl chloride is the Chemical compound NOCl It is a yellow gas that is most commonly encountered as a decomposition product of Aqua regia, a mixture of It is denser than water. It is more toxic than chlorine but less than phosgene. Chlorine (ˈklɔriːn from the Greek word 'χλωρóς' ( khlôros, meaning 'pale green' is the Chemical element with Atomic number 17 and

Contents 1 History 2 Preparation 3 Application 4 Safety 5 See also 6 External links

History

Chloropicrin was used in World War I as a chemical weapon, called 'PS' by British, 'Aquinite' by French, and 'Klop' (green cross) by Germans. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Chemical warfare involves using the toxic properties of Chemical substances to kill injure or incapacitate an enemy. After WW II, however, the importance of chloropicrin for military use decreased and, today, has vanished. In the chemical industry, it is widely used for organic synthesis, in fumigants, in fungicides and insecticides, and for the extermination of rats. Organic synthesis is a special branch of Chemical synthesis and is concerned with the construction of Organic compounds via Organic reactions Organic Fumigation is a method of Pest control that completely fills an area with gaseous Pesticides to suffocate or poison the pests within Fungicides are Chemical compounds or biological organisms used to kill or inhibit fungi or fungal spores An insecticide is a Pesticide used against Insects in all developmental forms Rats are various medium sized long-tailed Rodents of the superfamily Muroidea

Preparation

Chloropicrin is a relatively stable liquid that is prepared by the reaction of picric acid with calcium hypochlorite, by the addition of nitrogen to chlorinated hydrocarbons, or by chlorinating nitromethane. "TNP" redirects here For the airport with the IATA airport code TNP see Twentynine Palms Airport. Calcium hypochlorite is a Chemical compound with formula (2 It is widely used for Water treatment and as a Bleaching agent (bleaching Nitromethane is an Organic compound with the chemical formula CH3NO2 In environment it undergoes photolysis. Photodissociation, photolysis, or photodecomposition is a Chemical reaction in which a Chemical compound is broken down by Photons

Application

Chloropicrin is used for fumigation, to sterilize soil and seed. Fumigation is a method of Pest control that completely fills an area with gaseous Pesticides to suffocate or poison the pests within Sterilization (or sterilisation, see spelling differences) refers to any process that effectively kills or eliminates transmissible agents (such as Fungi Soil, often typeset as SOiL, is a four piece rock band from Chicago Illinois United States founded by Shaun Glass Tom Schofield Tim King and Adam Zadel A seed (in some plants referred to as a kernel) is a small embryonic Plant enclosed in a covering called the seed coat usually with some stored

Safety

Chloropicrin vapor is highly poisonous if inhaled. As a chemical warfare agent it is a powerful irritant from the group of pulmonary agents. Chemical warfare involves using the toxic properties of Chemical substances to kill injure or incapacitate an enemy. A pulmonary agent (or choking agent) is a Chemical weapon agent designed to impede a victim's ability to breathe. It causes lachrymation, vomiting, bronchitis, and pulmonary edema; the lung injury can be fatal. Tears are the liquid product of a process of lacrimation to clean and lubricate the Eyes The word lacrimation may also be used in a medical or literary sense Vomiting (also called throwing up, emesis) is the forceful expulsion of the contents of one's Stomach through the Mouth and sometimes the Bronchitis is an Inflammation of the Bronchi. More specifically it may refer to Acute bronchitis, caused by viruses or bacteria and lasting Pulmonary Edema (American English or oedema (British English is swelling and/or fluid accumulation in the Lungs It leads to impaired gas exchange and may cause lung is the essential Respiration organ in air-breathing Animals including most Tetrapods a few Fish and a few Snails The most primitive Very low concentrations cause burning sensation of the eyes, which may serve as a warning.

See also

• Use of poison gas in World War I. The use of poison gas in World War I was a major military innovation

External links

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