Chloromethane

Chloromethane

IUPAC name	Chloromethane
Other names	Monochloromethane, Methyl chloride, Artic, Freon 40, R 40, UN 1063
Identifiers
CAS number	[74-87-3]
PubChem	6327
EINECS number	200-817-4
ChEBI	36014
RTECS number	PA6300000
SMILES	CCl
InChI	1/CH3Cl/c1-2/h1H3
Properties
Molecular formula	CH₃Cl
Molar mass	50. IUPAC Nomenclature is a system of naming Chemical compounds and of describing the science of Chemistry in general CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for Chemical compounds Polymers biological sequences mixtures and Alloys They are also referred to PubChem is a Database of chemical Molecules The system is maintained by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI a component The EINECS number (for European Inventory of Existing Chemical Substances) is a registry number given to each Chemical substance commercially available in the ChEBI (meaning "Chemical Entities of Biological Interest" or "Chemistry at the EBI " is a database of molecular entities focused on 'small' chemical Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances ( RTECS) is a Database of Toxicity information compiled from the open scientific literature without reference The IUPAC International Chemical Identifier ( InChI, pronounced "INchee" is a textual Identifier for Chemical substances designed to provide a A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the Atoms that constitute a particular Chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes Molar mass, symbol M, is the Mass of one mole of a substance ( Chemical element or Chemical compound) 49 g/mol
Appearance	Colorless gas with a faint sweet odor
Density	2. The density of a material is defined as its Mass per unit Volume: \rho = \frac{m}{V} Different materials usually have different 22 kg/m³ (0 °C)
Melting point	−97. The melting point of a solid is the temperature range at which it changes state from solid to Liquid. 7 °C (176 K)
Boiling point	-24. The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the Vapor pressure of the liquid equals the environmental pressure surrounding the liquid 2 °C (249 K)
Solubility in water	5. Solubility is the characteristic Physical property referring to the ability of a given substance the Solute, to dissolve in a Solvent. Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. 325 g/l
log P	0. In the fields of organic and Medicinal chemistry, a partition (P or distribution coefficient (D is 91
Vapor pressure	490 kPa (20 °C)
Structure
Molecular shape	Tetrahedral
Hazards
MSDS	External MSDS
EU classification	Extremely flammable (F+), Harmful (Xn), Carc. Cat. 3
NFPA 704	4 2 0
R-phrases	R10, R40, R48/20
S-phrases	S9, S16, S33
Flash point	-46 °C
Autoignition temperature	625 °C
Supplementary data page
Structure and properties	n, ε_r, etc. Vapor pressure (also known as equilibrium vapor pressure or saturation vapor pressure) is the Pressure of a Vapor in equilibrium Molecular geometry or molecular structure is the three- Dimensional arrangement of the Atoms that constitute a Molecule. A material safety data sheet ( MSDS) is a form containing data regarding the properties of a particular substance This page provides supplementary chemical data on Chloromethane Council Directive 67/548/EEC of 27 June 1967 on the approximation of laws regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification packaging and labelling The term carcinogen refers to any substance Radionuclide or radiation that is an agent directly involved in the promotion of Cancer or in the fatation of its propagation Symbolism The four divisions are typically color-coded with blue indicating level of Health Hazard, red indicating R-phrases (short for Risk Phrases) are defined in Annex III of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Nature of special risks attributed to dangerous R-phrases (short for Risk Phrases) are defined in Annex III of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Nature of special risks attributed to dangerous R-phrases (short for Risk Phrases) are defined in Annex III of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Nature of special risks attributed to dangerous R-phrases (short for Risk Phrases) are defined in Annex III of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Nature of special risks attributed to dangerous S-phrases are defined in Annex IV of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Safety advice concerning dangerous substances and preparations. S-phrases are defined in Annex IV of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Safety advice concerning dangerous substances and preparations. S-phrases are defined in Annex IV of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Safety advice concerning dangerous substances and preparations. S-phrases are defined in Annex IV of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Safety advice concerning dangerous substances and preparations. The flash point of a flammable liquid is the lowest Temperature at which it can form an ignitable mixture in air The autoignition temperature or kindling point of a substance is the lowest temperature at which it will spontaneously ignite in a normal atmosphere without an external This page provides supplementary chemical data on Chloromethane This page provides supplementary chemical data on Chloromethane The refractive index (or index of Refraction) of a medium is a measure for how much the speed of light (or other waves such as sound waves is reduced inside the medium Measurement The relative static permittivity εr can be measured for static Electric fields as follows first the Capacitance of a test
Thermodynamic data	Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas
Spectral data	UV, IR, NMR, MS
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references

Chloromethane, also called Methyl chloride, or simply R-40 or HCC 40, is a chemical compound of the group of organic compounds called haloalkanes. This page provides supplementary chemical data on Chloromethane This page provides supplementary chemical data on Chloromethane Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy or ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry ( UV/ VIS) involves the Spectroscopy of Photons in the UV-visible Infrared spectroscopy (IR spectroscopy is the subset of Spectroscopy that deals with the Infrared region of the Electromagnetic spectrum. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy, is the name given to a technique which exploits the magnetic properties of certain nuclei Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique that identifies the chemical composition of a compound or sample based on the Mass-to-charge ratio of charged particles In Chemistry, the standard state of a material is its state at 1 bar (100 Kilopascals exactly A chemical compound is a substance consisting of two or more different elements chemically bonded together in a fixed proportion by Mass. An organic compound is any member of a large class of Chemical compounds whose Molecules contain Carbon. The haloalkanes (also known as halogenoalkanes or alkyl halides) are a group of Chemical compounds consisting of Alkanes such as Methane It was once widely used as a refrigerant. Refrigeration is the process of removing Heat from an enclosed space or from a substance and moving it to a place where it is unobjectionable It is a colorless extremely flammable gas with a slightly sweet odor, which is, however, detected at possibly toxic levels. Due to concerns about its toxicity, it is no longer present in consumer products.

Methyl chloride was first synthesized by the French chemists Jean-Baptiste Dumas and Eugene Peligot in 1835 by boiling a mixture of methanol, sulfuric acid, and sodium chloride. Jean Baptiste André Dumas ( July 14, 1800 - April 10, 1884) French Chemist, best known for his works on organic analysis Eugène-Melchior Péligot (born in Paris 1811 died in Paris 1890 Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol, carbinol, wood alcohol, wood naphtha or wood spirits, is a Chemical compound Sulfuric (or sulphuric acid, H 2 S[[oxygen O]]4 is a strong Mineral acid. For sodium chloride in the diet see Salt. Sodium chloride, also known as common salt, table salt, or Halite, is a This method is similar to that used today.

1 Production
2 Uses
3 Safety
4 See also
5 External links

Production

Large amounts of chloromethane are produced naturally in the oceans by the action of sunlight on biomass and chlorine in sea foam. An ocean (from Greek, ''Okeanos'' (Oceanus) is a major body of saline water, and a principal component of the Hydrosphere. Biomass refers to living and recently dead Biological material that can be used as fuel or for industrial production Chlorine (ˈklɔriːn from the Greek word 'χλωρóς' ( khlôros, meaning 'pale green' is the Chemical element with Atomic number 17 and However, all chloromethane that is used in industry is produced synthetically.

Most chloromethane is prepared by reacting methanol with hydrogen chloride, according to the chemical equation

CH₃OH + HCl → CH₃Cl + H₂O

This can be carried out either by bubbling hydrogen chloride gas through boiling methanol with or without a zinc chloride catalyst, or by passing combined methanol and hydrogen chloride vapors over an alumina catalyst at 350 °C. Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol, carbinol, wood alcohol, wood naphtha or wood spirits, is a Chemical compound Hydrochloric acid is the Solution of Hydrogen chloride ( H[[Chlorine Cl]] in water A chemical equation is a symbolic representation of a Chemical reaction. Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol, carbinol, wood alcohol, wood naphtha or wood spirits, is a Chemical compound Hydrochloric acid is the Solution of Hydrogen chloride ( H[[Chlorine Cl]] in water Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. Zinc chloride is the name of Chemical compound with the formula Zn[[chlorine Cl]]2 and its hydrates Catalysis is the process in which the rate of a Chemical reaction is increased by means of a Chemical substance known as a catalyst

A smaller amount of chloromethane is produced by heating a mixture of methane and chlorine to over 400 °C. Methane is a Chemical compound with the molecular formula. It is the simplest Alkane, and the principal component of Natural gas. Chlorine (ˈklɔriːn from the Greek word 'χλωρóς' ( khlôros, meaning 'pale green' is the Chemical element with Atomic number 17 and However, this method also results in more highly chlorinated compounds such as methylene chloride and chloroform and is usually only used when these other products are also desired. Dichloromethane ( DCM) or methylene chloride is the Chemical compound with the formula CH2Cl2 Chloroform, also known as trichloromethane and methyl trichloride, is a Chemical compound with formula C[[Hydrogen H]] Cl

Further reaction of chloromethane with hydrochloric acid can produce dichloromethane, trichloromethane (known as chloroform) and tetrachloromethane (also known as carbon tetrachloride). Dichloromethane ( DCM) or methylene chloride is the Chemical compound with the formula CH2Cl2 Chloroform, also known as trichloromethane and methyl trichloride, is a Chemical compound with formula C[[Hydrogen H]] Cl Carbon tetrachloride, also known by many other names (see Table is the Organic compound with the formula CCl4

Uses

Formerly, chloromethane was a widely used refrigerant, but due to its toxicity this use has been discontinued. A refrigerant is a compound used in a heat cycle that undergoes a Phase change from a Gas to a Liquid and back Chloromethane was also once used for producing lead-based additives for gasoline, but leaded gasoline has been phased out in most of the industrialized world (an important exception being the former Soviet Union). Characteristics Lead has a dull luster and is a dense, Ductile, very soft highly Gasoline additives increase Gasoline 's Octane rating or act as Corrosion inhibitors or lubricators, thus allowing the use of higher Compression The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991

The most important use of chloromethane today is as a chemical intermediate in the production of silicone polymers. Silicones are largely inert compounds with a wide variety of forms and uses Smaller quantities are used as a solvent in the manufacture of butyl rubber and in petroleum refining. Butyl rubber &mdashalso known as polyisobutylene and PIB (C4H8n is a Synthetic rubber, a Homopolymer of An oil refinery is an industrial Process plant where Crude oil is processed and refined into more useful Petroleum products, such as Gasoline

Chloromethane is also employed as a methylating and chlorinating agent in organic chemistry. Organic chemistry is a discipline within Chemistry which involves the scientific study of the structure properties composition reactions, and preparation It is also used in a variety of other fields: as an extractant for greases, oils and resins, as a propellant and blowing agent in polystyrene foam production, as a local anesthetic, as an intermediate in drug manufacturing, as a catalyst carrier in low temperature polymerization, as a fluid for thermometric and thermostatic equipment and as a herbicide. Petroleum ( L petroleum, from Greek πετρέλαιον, lit An oil is a substance that is in a viscous Liquid state ( "oily") at ambient temperatures or slightly warmer and is Resin, not to be confused with Rosin, is a Hydrocarbon Secretion of many Plants particularly coniferous trees. A propellant is a material that is used to move ("propel" an object A foaming agent is a surfactant which when present in small amounts facilitates the formation of a Foam, or enhances its colloidal stability by inhibiting the coalescence of Polystyrene ˌpɒliˈstaɪriːn ( IUPAC Polyphenylethene is an aromatic Polymer made from the aromatic Monomer Styrene A local anesthetic is a drug that causes reversible Local anesthesia and a loss of Nociception. In Polymer chemistry, polymerization is a process of reacting Monomer Molecules together in a Chemical reaction to form three-dimensional networks A herbicide is used to kill unwanted Plants Selective herbicides kill specific targets while leaving the desired Crop relatively unharmed

Safety

Inhalation of methyl chloride gas produces central nervous system effects similar to intoxication. In Vertebrates the central nervous system ( CNS) is the part of the Nervous system which is enclosed in the Meninges. Intoxication is the state of being affected by one or more psychoactive drugs. Victims may feel drowsy, dizzy, or confused and have difficulty breathing, with gasping and choking, walking or speaking. At higher concentrations, paralysis, seizures, and coma may result. Paralysed redirects here For other uses see xx Paralysed (disambiguation Paralysis is the complete loss of Muscle function An epileptic seizure is caused by excessive and/or hypersynchronous electrical Neuronal activity and is usually self-limiting In Medicine, a coma (from the Greek koma, meaning deep sleep is a profound state of Unconsciousness.

In case of ingestion nausea and vomiting may result. Skin contact when in the form of a refrigerated liquid may result in frostbite. Frostbite ( congelatio in Medical terminology) is the Medical condition whereby damage is caused to Skin and other tissues Contact with eyes may result in dim vision, widely dilated pupils that react slowly to changes in light.

Chronic exposure to methyl chloride has been linked to birth defects in mice. A congenital disorder is a disease or disorder that is present at birth In humans, exposure to methyl chloride during pregnancy may cause the fetus' lower spinal column, pelvis, and legs to form incorrectly, but this has not been conclusively proven. Pregnancy ( Latin graviditas) is the carrying of one or more offspring known as a Fetus or Embryo, inside the Uterus of a Female In Human anatomy, the vertebral column ( backbone or spine) is a column of 34 Vertebrae the Sacrum, Intervertebral The pelvis (pl pelvises or pelves) or pelvic girdle is the irregular bony structure located at the base of the spine (properly known A leg is a limb on an Animal 's Body that supports the rest of the animal above the ground between the Ankle and the Hip and is used for

In 1997, a re-investigation of Boston's Cocoanut Grove nightclub fire cited a methyl chloride leak from a refrigerator as a major cause of that disaster. Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar The Cocoanut Grove was a Nightclub in Boston Massachusetts. On November 28, 1942, the fashionable nightclub burned in what remains the deadliest

External links

Halomethane compounds are molecules of Methane ( C[[hydrogen H]]4 with one or more of the Hydrogen atoms replaced with Halogen atoms Fluoromethane, also known as methyl fluoride, Freon 41, Halocarbon-41 and HFC-41, is a non-toxic liquefiable and flammable The Chemical compound bromomethane, commonly known as methyl bromide, is an organic Halogen compound with formula C[[Hydrogen Iodomethane, commonly called Methyl iodide and commonly abbreviated "MeI" is the Chemical compound with the formula CH3I The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (or NIOSH) is the United States federal agency responsible for conducting research and making recommendations

Dictionary

-noun

(organic chemistry) Any chlorinated derivative of methane, but especially CH₃Cl (methyl chloride) once used as a refrigerant

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