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"Green monkey" redirects here. For the racehorse, see The Green Monkey. The Green Monkey (foaled February 4 2004 in Florida) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse who at the January 2006 Fasig-Tipton Calder sale
Vervet monkeys

Scientific classification
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Mammalia
Order:Primates
Family:Cercopithecidae
Subfamily:Cercopithecinae
Genus:Chlorocebus
Gray, 1870
Type species
Simia aethiops
Linnaeus, 1766
Species

Chlorocebus sabaeus
Chlorocebus aethiops
Chlorocebus djamdjamensis
Chlorocebus tantalus
Chlorocebus pygerythrus
Chlorocebus cynosuros

The vervet monkeys or green monkeys are medium-sized primates from the family of Old World monkeys. Chordates ( Phylum Chordata) are a group of Animals that includes the Vertebrates together with several closely related Invertebrates Mammals ( class Mammalia) are a class of Vertebrate Animals characterized by the presence of Sweat glands, including sweat glands A primate is a member of the biological order Primates ( Latin: "prime first rank" the group that contains Lemurs the Aye-aye The Old World monkeys or Cercopithecidae are a group of Primates falling in the Superfamily Cercopithecoidea in the Clade The Cercopithecinae are a Subfamily of the Old World monkeys that includes in its roughly 71 species the Baboons the Macaques and the John Edward Gray ( 12 February 1800 &ndash 7 March 1875) was a British zoologist. In biology a type is that which fixes a name to a Taxon. Depending on the nomenclature code which is applied to the organism in question a type may be a specimen The Grivet ( Chlorocebus aethiops) is an Old World monkey with long white tufts of hair along the sides of the face Carl Linnaeus (Latinized as Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as, May 23 new style (13 May old style 1707 who laid the foundations for In Biology, a species is one of the basic units of Biological classification and a Taxonomic rank. The Green Monkey ( Chlorocebus sabaeus) also known as the Callithrix Monkey, is an Old World monkey with golden-green fur and pale hands and The Grivet ( Chlorocebus aethiops) is an Old World monkey with long white tufts of hair along the sides of the face The Bale Mountains Vervet ( Chlorocebus djamdjamensis) is a terrestrial Old World monkey endemic to Ethiopia The Tantalus Monkey ( Chlorocebus tantalus) is an Old World monkey endemic to Ghana, Sudan, and Kenya The Vervet Monkey, sometimes simply known as the Vervet, is the Common name of the Species Chlorocebus pygerythrus, an Old World monkey The Malbrouck ( Chlorocebus cynosuros) is an Arboreal African Primate belonging to the genus of Green monkeys ( Chlorocebus A primate is a member of the biological order Primates ( Latin: "prime first rank" the group that contains Lemurs the Aye-aye The Old World monkeys or Cercopithecidae are a group of Primates falling in the Superfamily Cercopithecoidea in the Clade There are six species currently recognized, although some classify them all as a single species with six subspecies. In Biology, a species is one of the basic units of Biological classification and a Taxonomic rank. Either way, they make up the entirety of the genus Chlorocebus.

These monkeys are found only in sub-Saharan Africa; their range extends from Senegal and Ethiopia down to South Africa. A monkey is any member of either the New World monkeys or Old World monkeys two of the three groupings of Simian Primates the third group being Sub-Saharan Africa is a geographical term used to describe the area of the African continent which lies south of the Sahara, or those African countries Senegal (le Sénégal officially the Republic of Senegal, is a country south of the Sénégal River in western Africa. NOTE This intro is the result of careful NPOV work Please do not make potentially controversial edits to it without first discussing on the talk page The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa A small population, which travelled with enslaved Africans as pets, are found in the Caribbean, on the islands of Barbados, Saint Kitts, Nevis, and Saint Maarten. The Caribbean (ˌkærəˡbiən kæ'rəbiən Cariben|Caraïben or Caraïben; Caraïbe or more commonly Antilles; Caribe is a Region consisting Barbados ( Portuguese word for bearded-ones, bɑrˈbeɪdoʊz -dɒs situated just east of the Caribbean Sea, is an independent Island nation Saint Kitts (also known more formally as Saint Christopher Island ( Saint-Christophe in French) is an Island in the West Indies NEVIS, or New Exhaust Valve & Intake System, is a type of Internal combustion engine developed by Cesare Bortone in cooperation with the University Saint Martin is a tropical Island in the northeast Caribbean, approximately 300 km (186 miles east of Puerto Rico. A colony also exists in Broward County, Florida [1]. Broward County is a County located in the US state of Florida.

The dorsal fur of the vervet monkey varies by species from pale yellow through grey-green brown to dark brown, while the lower portion and the hair ring around the face is a whitish yellow. In Anatomy, the dorsum is the upper side of animals that typically run fly or swim in a horizontal position and the back side of animals (like humans that walk upright The face, hands, and feet are hairless and black, although their abdominal skin is bluish. Males have a bright blue scrotum and red penis. In some Male Mammals the scrotum - also 'scrutum' or 'scrootum' - is a protuberance of Skin and Muscle containing the Testicles The penis (plural penises, penes Vervet monkeys reach an adult size of from 40 to 43 cm for males and 34 to 39 cm for females, with a tail measuring 30 to 50 cm long. Males weigh from 4 to 4. 5 kg and females weigh from 2. 5 to 3. 5 kg.

Unlike the closely related guenons, vervets are not primarily forest dwellers, rather, they are semi-arboreal and semi-terrestrial, spending most of the day on the ground feeding and then sleeping at night in the trees. The guenons are the Genus Cercopithecus of Old World monkeys Not all the members of this genus have the word "guenon" in their Arboreal is a word meaning "related to or resembling trees" Terrestrial animals are Animals that live predominantly or entirely on land as compared with Aquatic animals which live predominantly or entirely in the water (e However they must drink each day and are dependent on water, so they are never far from rivers or lakes. Like most other members of the Cercopithecoidea superfamily, they have cheek pouches for storing food. The Old World monkeys or Cercopithecidae are a group of Primates falling in the Superfamily Cercopithecoidea in the Clade They are diurnal, and are particularly active in the early morning and in the later afternoon or early evening. In Animal behavior, diurnality indicates an Animal that is active during the Daytime and rests during the Night.

Green monkeys live in large groups, which can consist of some males, many females and their offspring, and can be as large as 80 animals. The group hierarchy plays an important role: dominant males and females are given priority in the search for food, and are groomed by subordinate members of the group. While young males must leave their group once they are fully mature, females remain and take on the role of their mothers. These monkeys are territorial animals, and a group can occupy an area of approximately 0. 1 to 1 km². They use a wide variety of vocalizations. They can with warn off members of other groups from their territory, and they can also warn members of their own troop of dangers from predators, using different calls for different predators. Monkeys scream when they are disciplined by members of the troop. Facial expressions and body posturing serve as additional communication tools. Their social interactions are highly complex. Where alliances can be formed for benefit, deception is sometimes used. Physical affection is important between family members.

Vervet monkeys are omnivores. Omnivores (from Latin omne all everything vorare to devour are species that eat both Plants and Animals as their primary The majority of their diet, however, is grasses and fruits. Occasionally they also eat small vertebrates and insects. On the island of Saint Kitts, vervet monkeys will commonly steal brightly coloured alcoholic drinks left behind by tourists on the beach. Saint Kitts (also known more formally as Saint Christopher Island ( Saint-Christophe in French) is an Island in the West Indies Many tourists have also found out these monkeys will deliver a powerful bite if they are cornered or threatened. Care should be taken when approaching any vervet monkeys, although these monkeys will retreat from a confrontational situation if given an escape route. If at one point they were domesticated in centuries gone past, they are no longer. In Africa, the documented attacks by these monkeys are extremely rare as compared with dog attacks, in spite of living very closely with humans and often being threatened by humans and their dogs.

In order to signal mating readiness, the female presents her vulva to the male. Since groups are made of several more females than males, each male mates with several females. Males do not take part in raising the young, but other females of the group (the "aunties") take part in sharing the burden. The dominance hierarchy also comes into play here, as the offspring of the more dominant group members get preferential treatment. The gestation time is about 160 days, and births are typically of a single young. The births usually happen at the beginning of the rainy season, when there is sufficient food available. The young are weaned at about 6 months of age and are fully mature in 4 to 5 years. The life expectancy of the green monkeys is 25 years in captivity, and about 10-12 years in the wild.

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Human interaction and the monkeys' habitat

In the Caribbean islands, interactions between humans and monkeys are problematic. On the island of Barbados, farmers complain about the monkeys damaging their crops, and many try to find ways to keep the monkeys at bay. Barbados ( Portuguese word for bearded-ones, bɑrˈbeɪdoʊz -dɒs situated just east of the Caribbean Sea, is an independent Island nation On Halloween of 2006 a monkey was suspected in being the cause of an island-wide blackout. A power outage (also known as power cut, power failure, power loss, or blackout) is the loss of the Electricity supply to an The monkey plunged the entire island of Barbados into blackout for 8 hours after climbing a light pole and tripping an 11,000 & 24,000 volt powerline early that morning.

In Africa, many monkeys are killed by powerlines, dogs, vehicles, shooting, poisoning, and hunting both as food and for traditional medicines. Added to this, there is an increase in desertification, and loss of habitat to due agriculture and urbanisation. As a result population numbers in troops are declining in urban areas to an average of between 15 and 25 individuals, with many troops disappearing altogether. [2], [3], [4], [5]

Classification and species

The classification of the vervets is undergoing change. They were previously lumped together with the medium-sized arboreal African monkeys of the Cercopithecus genus, the guenons, where they were classified as a single species, Cercopithecus aethiops. The guenons are the Genus Cercopithecus of Old World monkeys Not all the members of this genus have the word "guenon" in their More species and subspecies are expected to be identified as scientists study this genus further.

Use in scientific research and vaccine production

The African green monkey has been the focus of much scientific research since the 1950s, and its tissues are still used today to produce vaccines for polio[6] and smallpox. The Green Monkey ( Chlorocebus sabaeus) also known as the Callithrix Monkey, is an Old World monkey with golden-green fur and pale hands and The Grivet ( Chlorocebus aethiops) is an Old World monkey with long white tufts of hair along the sides of the face The Bale Mountains Vervet ( Chlorocebus djamdjamensis) is a terrestrial Old World monkey endemic to Ethiopia The Tantalus Monkey ( Chlorocebus tantalus) is an Old World monkey endemic to Ghana, Sudan, and Kenya The Vervet Monkey, sometimes simply known as the Vervet, is the Common name of the Species Chlorocebus pygerythrus, an Old World monkey The Malbrouck ( Chlorocebus cynosuros) is an Arboreal African Primate belonging to the genus of Green monkeys ( Chlorocebus A vaccine is a biological preparation which is used to establish or improve immunity to a particular disease Poliomyelitis, often called polio or infantile paralysis, is an acute viral Infectious disease spread from person to person primarily via Smallpox is an Infectious disease unique to humans caused by either of two virus variants named Variola major and Variola minor. Vero cells are a continuous cell line derived from epithelial cells of the African green monkey kidney, and are widely used for research in immunology and infectious disease. Vero cells are lineages of cells used in Cell cultures. The Vero lineage was isolated from Kidney Epithelial cells extracted Cell culture is the process by which prokaryotic, or eukaryotic cells are grown under controlled conditions In biology and medicine epithelium is a tissue composed of cells that line the cavities and surfaces of structures throughout the body The kidneys are complicated organs that have numerous biological roles Immunology is a broad branch of biomedical Science that covers the study of all aspects of the Immune system in all Organisms It deals with An infectious disease is a clinically evident Disease resulting from the presence of Pathogenic microbial agents including Pathogenic viruses Pathogenic

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External links

References

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