The chloride ion is formed when the element chlorine picks up one electron to form an anion (negatively-charged ion) Cl−. An ion is an Atom or Molecule which has lost or gained one or more Valence electrons giving it a positive or negative electrical charge A chemical element is a type of Atom that is distinguished by its Atomic number; that is by the number of Protons in its nucleus. Chlorine (ˈklɔriːn from the Greek word 'χλωρóς' ( khlôros, meaning 'pale green' is the Chemical element with Atomic number 17 and The electron is a fundamental Subatomic particle that was identified and assigned the negative charge in 1897 by J An ion is an Atom or Molecule which has lost or gained one or more Valence electrons giving it a positive or negative electrical charge The salts of hydrochloric acid HCl contain chloride ions and can also be called chlorides. Salt is a Dietary mineral composed primarily of Sodium chloride that is essential for Animal life but toxic to most land plants Hydrochloric acid is the Solution of Hydrogen chloride ( H[[Chlorine Cl]] in water Hydrogen (ˈhaɪdrədʒən is the Chemical element with Atomic number 1 Chlorine (ˈklɔriːn from the Greek word 'χλωρóς' ( khlôros, meaning 'pale green' is the Chemical element with Atomic number 17 and An example is table salt, which is sodium chloride with the chemical formula NaCl. For sodium chloride in the diet see Salt. Sodium chloride, also known as common salt, table salt, or Halite, is a A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the Atoms that constitute a particular Chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes In water, it dissolves into Na+ and Cl− ions. Water ( H2[[oxygen O]] H OH) is the most abundant Molecule on Earth 's surface composing of about 70% of the Earth's surface as
The word chloride can also refer to a chemical compound in which one or more chlorine atoms are covalently bonded in the molecule. A chemical compound is a substance consisting of two or more different elements chemically bonded together in a fixed proportion by Mass. History See also Atomic theory, Atomism The concept that matter is composed of discrete units and cannot be divided into arbitrarily tiny In Chemistry, a molecule is defined as a sufficiently stable electrically neutral group of at least two Atoms in a definite arrangement held together by This means that chlorides can be either inorganic or organic compounds. Traditionally inorganic compounds are considered to be of mineral not biological origin An organic compound is any member of a large class of Chemical compounds whose Molecules contain Carbon. The simplest example of an inorganic covalently-bonded chloride is hydrogen chloride, HCl. A simple example of an organic covalently-bonded (an organochloride) chloride is chloromethane (CH3Cl), often called methyl chloride. Applications The simplest form of organochlorides are chlorinated Hydrocarbons These consist of simple Hydrocarbons in which one or more hydrogen atoms have Chloromethane, also called Methyl chloride, R-40 or HCC 40 is a Chemical compound of the group of Organic compounds called Haloalkanes.
In the petroleum industry, the chlorides are a closely monitored constituent of the mud system. The petroleum industry includes the global processes of exploration, extraction, refining, transporting (often by Oil tankers and pipelines Drilling a very deep hole is a very costly business The hole size is kept very small as the drilled depth increases because it is to cased and cemented after wards The increase of the chlorides in the mud system could indicate the possibility of drilling into a high-pressure saltwater formation. Its increase can also indicate the poor quality of a target sand.
Other examples of inorganic covalently-bonded chlorides that are used as reactants are:
- phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus pentachloride, and thionyl chloride, all three of which reactive chlorinating reagents that have been used in a laboratory
- disulfur dichloride (S2Cl2), used for vulcanization of rubber. A reagent or reactant is a substance or compound consumed during a Chemical reaction. Phosphorus trichloride (formula P[[Chlorine Cl]]3 is the most important of the three Phosphorus chlorides. Phosphorus pentachloride is the Chemical compound with the formula PCl5 Thionyl chloride (or thionyl dichloride) is an Inorganic compound with the formula S[[Oxygen O]] Cl 2 A reagent or reactant is a substance or compound consumed during a Chemical reaction. A laboratory (informally lab) is a facility that provides controlled conditions in which scientific Research, Experiments and Disulfur dichloride is the Chemical compound with the formula S2Cl2 Vulcanization (or Vulcanisation refers to a specific curing process of Rubber involving high heat and the addition of Sulfur or other equivalent curatives
Human health
Chloride is a chemical the human body needs for metabolism (the process of turning the food you eat into energy). It also helps keep the body's acid-base balance. The amount of chloride in the blood is carefully controlled by the kidneys. Further reading:Renal chloride reabsorption
Chloride ions have important physiological roles. Renal reabsorption of chloride ( Cl-) is a part of Renal physiology, in order not to lose too much chloride in the Urine. Physiology (from Greek grc φύσις physis, "nature origin" and grc -λογία -logia) is the study of the mechanical physical For instance, in the central nervous system, the inhibitory action of glycine and some of the action of GABA relies on the entry of Cl− into specific neurons. In Vertebrates the central nervous system ( CNS) is the part of the Nervous system which is enclosed in the Meninges. Glycine (abbreviated as Gly or G) is the Organic compound with the formula NH2CH2COOH Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA is the chief inhibitory Neurotransmitter in the Mammalian Central nervous system. Also, the chloride-bicarbonate exchanger biological transport protein relies on the chloride ion to increase the blood's capacity of carbon dioxide, in the form of the bicarbonate ion. Anion Exchanger 1 ( AE1) or Band 3 is a Phylogenetically preserved Transport protein responsible for mediating the electroneutral exchange of Proteins are large Organic compounds made of Amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by Peptide bonds between the Carboxyl Blood is a specialized Bodily fluid that delivers necessary substances to the body's cells such as nutrients and oxygen—and transports Waste products Carbon dioxide ( Chemical formula:) is a Chemical compound composed of two Oxygen Atoms covalently bonded to a single In Inorganic chemistry, bicarbonate ( IUPAC -recommended nomenclature hydrogencarbonate) is an intermediate form in the Deprotonation
The normal blood reference range of chloride for adults in most labs is 95 to 105 milliequivalents (mEq) per liter. A Reference range is a set of values used by a Health professional to interpret a set of Medical test results The normal range may vary slightly from lab to lab. Normal ranges are usually shown next to your results in the lab report.
The North American Dietary Reference Intake recommends a daily intake of between 2300 and 3600 mg/day for 25-year-old males. The Dietary Reference Intake (or DRI is a system of Nutrition recommendations from the Institute of Medicine (IOM of the US National Academy of Sciences
Other applications
Chloride is also a useful and reliable chemical indicator of river / groundwater fecal contamination, as chloride is a non-reactive solute and ubiquitous to sewage.
Dictionary
chloride
-noun
- (chemistry) any salt of hydrochloric acid, such as sodium chloride, or any binary compound of chlorine and another element or radical
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