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The "Chisholm trail" was a dirt trail used in the latter 19th century to drive cattle overland from ranches in Texas to Kansas railheads. A railhead is a terminus of a railway line that interfaces with another Transport mode, such as Shipping. The trail stretched from southern Texas across the Red River, and on to the railhead of the Kansas Pacific Railway in Abilene, Kansas, where the cattle would be sold and shipped eastward. Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. For other uses see Red River. The Red River is one of several rivers with that name. A railhead is a terminus of a railway line that interfaces with another Transport mode, such as Shipping. The Kansas Pacific Railway ( KP) was a historic railroad company that operated in the western United States in the late 19th century Abilene is a city in Dickinson County, Kansas, United States, 163 miles (262 km west of Kansas City.

The trail is named for Jesse Chisholm who had built several trading posts in what is now western Oklahoma before the American Civil War. Jesse Chisholm (1805? - March 4, 1868) was an Indian trader guide and interpreter born in the Hiwassee region of Tennessee, probably in 1805 Oklahoma ( is a state located in the South Central region of the United States of America. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South He died in 1868, too soon to ever drive cattle on the trail.

Contents

Business aspects

By 1853, Texas cattle were being driven into Missouri, where local farmers began blocking herds and turning them back because the Texas longhorns carried ticks that caused diseases in other types of cattle. Missouri ( or) is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States bordered by Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee The Texas longhorn is a breed of Cattle known for its Violence, vigilante groups, and cattle rustling caused further problems for the drivers. By 1859, the driving of cattle was outlawed in many Missouri jurisdictions. Year 1859 ( MDCCCLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common By the end of the Civil War, most cattle were being moved up the western branch of the Texas Road, which joined the Chisholm Trail at Red River Station in Montague County, Texas. The Texas Road was a major trade and emigrant route across Indian Territory. Red River Station once existed as a small community south of the Red River at Salt Creek in north western Montague County, Texas, United States. Montague County is a County located in the US state of Texas.

In 1866, cattle in Texas were worth only $4 per head, compared to over $40 per head in the North and East, because lack of market access during the American Civil War had led to increasing number of cattle in Texas. Year 1866 ( MDCCCLXVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Northern United States is a large geographic region of the United States of America. The Eastern Half of The United States, the American East, or simply the East is traditionally defined as the states east of the Mississippi River.

In 1867, Joseph G. McCoy built stockyards in Abilene, Kansas. Year 1867 ( MDCCCLXVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Joseph McCoy ( December 21, 1837 – October 19, 1915) was a 19th century cattle baron Abilene is a city in Dickinson County, Kansas, United States, 163 miles (262 km west of Kansas City. He encouraged Texas cattlemen to drive their herds to his stockyards. The stockyards shipped 35,000 head that year and became the largest stockyards west of Kansas City, Kansas. Kansas City Kansas. Items for the metro area should also go to the Kansas City Metropolitan Area page Items for Kansas City Missouri

That same year, O. W. Wheeler answered McCoy's call, and he along with partners used the Chisholm Trail to bring a herd of 2,400 steers from Texas to Abilene. This herd was the first of an estimated 5,000,000 head of Texas cattle to reach Kansas over the Chisholm Trail. [1]

The importance of cattle drives began to diminish in 1887 with the arrival of the Missouri-Kansas-Texas Railroad in Texas. Year 1887 ( MDCCCLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Missouri-Kansas-Texas Railroad (reporting marks MKT) was incorporated May 23, 1870.

Route

Today, most historians consider the Chisholm Trail to have started at the Rio Grande or at San Antonio, Texas. From 1867 to 1871, the trail ended in Abilene. Year 1867 ( MDCCCLXVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Year 1871 ( MDCCCLXXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Later, Newton, Kansas, and Wichita, Kansas, each served as the end of the trail. Newton is a City in and the County seat of Harvey County, Kansas, United States. Wichita (ˈwɪtʃɪtaː is the most populous City in the US state of Kansas, and the county seat of Sedgwick County. From 1883 to 1887, the end of the trail was Caldwell, Kansas. Year 1883 ( MDCCCLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1887 ( MDCCCLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Caldwell is a city in Sumner County, Kansas, United States. The population was 1284 at the 2000 census. Ellsworth, Kansas is also considered a major influence of the trail. Ellsworth is a city in Ellsworth County, Kansas, United States.

In Texas, there were hundreds of feeder trails heading north to one of the main cattle trails. In the early 1840s, most cattle were driven up the Shawnee Trail. The Texas Road was a major trade and emigrant route across Indian Territory. The Chisholm Trail was previously used by Indian hunting and raiding parties; it went north from Austin through Waco and Fort Worth. Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States Waco (ˈweɪkoʊ is a city in and the County seat of McLennan County, Texas. Fort Worth is the fifth-largest city in the state of Texas and the seventeenth-largest city in the United States. The trail crossed into Indian Territory (present-day west-central Oklahoma) near Red River Station (in present-day Montague County, Texas) and entered Kansas near Caldwell. The Indian Territory, also known as The Indian Country, The Indian territory or the Indian territories, was land set aside within the United States Oklahoma ( is a state located in the South Central region of the United States of America. Montague County is a County located in the US state of Texas. Caldwell is a city in Sumner County, Kansas, United States. The population was 1284 at the 2000 census. Through Oklahoma, the Chisholm Trail generally followed the route of US Highway 81 through present-day towns of El Reno and Enid. US Route 81 is one of the many United States Numbered Highways established in 1926 by the US Department of Agriculture Bureau of Public Roads El Reno is a city in Canadian County, Oklahoma, United States, in the central part of the state Enid is a city in Garfield County, Oklahoma, United States. The Population was 47045 at the 2000 census. [1]

Challenges

See also: Cattle drives in the United States

On the long trips the cattlemen would have a lot of difficulties. A cattle drive is the process of moving a herd of Cattle from one place to another usually moved and herded by Cowboys on Horses Prior to the mid-19th The trips could take up to two months. They had to cross major rivers like the Arkansas and the Red, and innumerable smaller creeks, plus the topographic challenges of canyons, badlands, and low mountain ranges. The Arkansas River is a major Tributary of the Mississippi River. The weather was less than ideal. In addition to these natural dangers, there were rustlers, occasional conflicts with Native Americans if a trail boss failed to pay a toll of 10 cents a head to local tribes for the right to cross Indian lands (Oklahoma at that time was Indian Territory, governed from Fort Smith, Arkansas), and the natural contrariness of the half-wild Texas longhorn cattle themselves, which were prone to stampede with little provocation. Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States Fort Smith is the second-largest city in the US state of Arkansas and one of the two County seats of Sebastian County. Arkansas ( is a state located in the southern region of the United States. The Texas longhorn is a breed of Cattle known for its A stampede is an act of mass impulse among Herd animals or a crowd of people in which the herd (or crowd collectively begins running with no clear direction or purpose

Legacy

Red River (1948), directed by Howard Hawks, is a fictional account of the first drive along the Chisholm Trail, starring John Wayne and Montgomery Clift. For other uses of this name see Red River. Red River is a 1948 Western film giving a fictional account of the Howard Winchester Hawks ( May 30, 1896 &ndash December 26, 1977) was an American Film director, producer and The trail is the subject of a country song, Old Chisholm Trail. In Political geography and International politics, a country is a Political division of a geographical entity Among those who have covered the song are Gene Autry, Girls of the Golden West, Michael Martin Murphey, Tex Ritter, and Roy Rogers. Orvon Gene Autry ( September 29 1907 &ndash October 2 1998) was an American performer who gained fame as The Singing Cowboy The Girls of the Golden West ( Mildred Fern Good & Dorothy Laverne Good) were a female Country music girl group that was popular during the "Western Michael Martin Murphey (born March 14, 1945) is a writer and performer of American Music. Tex Ritter (January 12 1905 &ndash January 2 1974 was an American country Singer and Actor and the father of actor John Ritter Roy Rogers (born Leonard Franklin Slye) (November 5 1911 &ndash July 6 1998 was a singer and Cowboy Actor.

There is also an intermediate school in Keller, Texas named after the trail, named "Chisholm Trail Intermediate School". Middle school or Junior High School serves as a "bridge" between the Elementary School and the High School Keller is a city located in Tarrant County, Texas ( USA) It is a northern suburb of the city of Fort Worth and is part of the Dallas-Fort

Chisholm Trail Heritage Center, located in Duncan, Oklahoma, is an interactive museum dedicated to the history of the Chisholm Trail. It also has a large monument depicting a scene from the Chisholm Trail cattle drive as well as a Chisholm Trail walkway. [2]

William Hayt mentions the Old Chisholm Trail in his textbook "Engineering Electromagnetics". The reference appears in Section 2 of Chapter 4 when Hayt explains how potential difference between two points is independent of the path connecting them. "We may proceed from B to A on a straight line or via the Old Chisholm Trail; the answer is the same".

Notes

  1. ^ Worcester, Donald E. "Chisholm Trail", Handbook of Texas-Online (accessed August 16, 2006).

References

External links

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