The Chios Massacre refers to the slaughter of tens of thousands of Greeks on the island of Chios by Ottoman troops in 1822. The Greeks ( Greek: Έλληνες) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighbouring regions Chios (Χίος pronounced ˈçio̞s alternative transliterations Khíos and Híos) is the fifth largest of the Greek islands, situated The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Year 1822 (MDCCCXXII was a Common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Sunday of the [1]
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Background
For over 2,000 years, Chios merchants and shipowners had dominated trade and diplomacy throughout the Black Sea, the Aegean, and the Mediterranean. The Black Sea is an inland Sea bounded by southeastern Europe, the Caucasus and the Anatolian peninsula ( Turkey Etymology In ancient times there were various explanations for the name Aegean. The Ottoman Empire allowed Chios almost complete control over its own affairs as Chian trade and the very highly-valued mastic plant harvested only on Chios were of great value to the Empire. Mastic ( Greek:μαστίχα( Pistacia lentiscus) is an Evergreen Shrub or small Tree of the Pistacio family growing The Ottoman Dynasty (or the Imperial House of Osman) ( Turkish: Osmanlı Hanedanı) ruled the Ottoman Empire from 1299 to 1922 beginning with The cosmopolitan Chians were also very prominent in Constantinople. Constantinople (Κωνσταντινούπολις Konstantinoúpolis, or gr ἡ Πόλις hē Polis, Latin: la CONSTANTINOPOLIS Following the massacre, however, the island never regained its commercial prominence.
Historians have noted that the island's ruling classes were reluctant to join the Greek revolt, fearing the loss of their security and prosperity. The Greek War of Independence (1821–1829 also commonly known as the Greek Revolution (Ελληνική Επανάσταση Elliniki Epanastasi; Ottoman [2] Furthermore, they were aware that they were situated far too close to the Turkish heartland in Asia Minor to be safe. [3] At some points Chios is only two miles from the Anatolian mainland.
However, in March 1822, several hundred armed Greeks from the neighbouring island of Samos landed in Chios. Samos (Σάμος is a Greek island in the North Aegean Sea, south of Chios, north of Patmos and the Dodecanese, and off They began destroying mosques and attacking the Turks, who retired to the citadel. A "mosque" in English refers to all types of buildings dedicated for Islamic worship although there is a distinction in Arabic between the smaller privately owned mosque and the larger A citadel is a fortress for protecting a Town, sometimes incorporating a Castle. Many islanders also decided to join the Revolution. [3] However, the vast majority of the population had by all accounts done nothing to provoke the massacre, and had not joined other Greeks in their revolt against the Ottoman Empire. [4]
Massacre
In this notorious occurrence, approximately 42,000 Greek islanders of Chios were hanged, butchered, starved or tortured to death. Chios (Χίος pronounced ˈçio̞s alternative transliterations Khíos and Híos) is the fifth largest of the Greek islands, situated Moreover, 50,000 Greeks were enslaved and another 23,000 were exiled. As a social-economic system slavery is a legal institution under which a Person (called "a slave" is compelled to work for another Less than 2,000 Greeks managed to survive on the island. The Greek word katastrofi (English: catastrophe) is commonly used to describe these events since the island itself was devastated and the few survivors that dispersed throughout Europe became part of the Chian Diaspora. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States The massacre was well-documented and reported, which sparked significant levels of outrage in Europe. French painter Eugène Delacroix painted a masterpiece depicting the horrors that occurred. Ferdinand Victor Eugène Delacroix (26 April 1798 &ndash 13 August 1863 was a French Romantic artist regarded from the outset of his career as the leader of
Trivia
- German Admiral Wilhelm Canaris claimed to have been descended from the Chian Diaspora. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Wilhelm Franz Canaris ( January 1, 1887 &ndash April 9, 1945) was a German Admiral and head of the Abwehr
- Chinese Artist Yue Minjun has created his own interpretation of the Eugène Delacroix painting, also called 'Massacre of Chios', which itself sold for nearly $4. Yue Minjun (Chinese岳敏君 born 1962, Heilongjiang Province, China) is a contemporary Chinese artist based in Beijing, China. Ferdinand Victor Eugène Delacroix (26 April 1798 &ndash 13 August 1863 was a French Romantic artist regarded from the outset of his career as the leader of 1 million in 2007. [5]
See also
References
- ^ Dadrian, Vahakn N. There were numerous massacres during the Greek Revolution perpetrated by both the Ottoman forces and the Greek revolutionaries The wars of the Ottoman Empire in Europe are also sometimes referred to as the Ottoman Wars or as Turkish Wars, particularly in older European This is a list of events named "massacre". The term suggests Mass murder and its usage may be controversial Warrant for Genocide: Key Elements of Turko-Armenian Conflict. p. 153.
- ^ William St. Clair, That Greece Might Still Be Free, The Philhellenes in the War of Independence, Oxford University Press, London 1972 p. 79 ISBN 0192151940
- ^ a b William St. Clair, p. 79
- ^ Argenti, Philip P. "The Massacre of Chios" (reviewed by Paul F. Shupp). The Journal of Modern History. Vol. 5, No. 3 (Sept. 1933), p. 414.
- ^ shanghaiist. com/2007/10/15/new_record_sale. php
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