Chinookan refers to several groups of Native Americans in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. The Ridgefield National Wildlife Refuge Complex is a Wildlife preserve, one of the National Wildlife Refuges operated by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States The Pacific Northwest is a region in the northwest of North America (the term refers to the land not the ocean The United States of America —commonly referred to as the In the early 19th century, the Chinookan peoples lived along the lower and middle Columbia River in present-day Oregon and Washington. The Columbia River (known as Oregon ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Washington ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. The Chinookan tribes were those encountered by the Lewis and Clark Expedition in 1805 on the lower Columbia.
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Lifestyle
The Chinookan were not nomadic. At birth Chinookans would flatten some children's heads by applying pressure with a board, enabling, in turn, a social hierarchy that placed flat-headed community members above those with round heads. This ranking was inherited. Living near the coast of the Pacific Ocean, they were skilled whale hunters. The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions Owing partly to their non-migratory living patterns, the Chinookan and other coastal tribes had relatively little conflict over land with one another.
Today
Some are currently engaged in a continuing effort to secure formal recognition of tribal status by the U. S. Federal government. The U. S. Department of Interior initially recognized the Chinookan as a tribe in 2001. Subsequently, the department first reconsidered and then, in 2002, revoked this status. [1]
Chinookan groups
Chinookan groups include:
- Cathlamet
- Cathlahmahs
- Chilluckittequaw
- Clatsop
- Chahcowah
- Clackamas
- Clowwewalla
- Cushook
- Echelut (Wishram-Wasco),
- Kilooklaniuck
- Multnomah
- Skillot
- Wahkikum (Wac-ki-cum)
- Wappato
- Wascopa
- Watlata (Cascade or Wishram). The Clatsop are a small tribe of Chinookan -speaking Native Americans in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The Clackamas Indians were a tribe of American Indians of the American state of Oregon. The Multnomah were a tribe of Chinookan people who lived in the area of Portland Oregon, more specifically Sauvie Island, in the United States Sagittaria latifolia is a plant found in shallow Wetlands and is sometimes known as broadleaf arrowhead, duck potato, Indian potato The Watlata are a group of Chinookan Native Americans. They inhabited the meadows of Sams Walker Day Use Site near Skamania Washington, and St
Most surviving Chinookan natives live in the towns of Bay Center, Chinook, and Ilwaco in southwest Washington. Bay Center is a Census-designated place (CDP in Pacific County, Washington, United States. Chinook is a Census-designated place (CDP in Pacific County, Washington, United States. Ilwaco (ɪlˈwɑːkoʊ is a city in Pacific County, Washington, United States. Many books have been written about the Chinook, including, Boston Jane: an Adventure.
Famous Chinookans
- Chief Comcomly
- Charles Cultee, the principal informant employed by Franz Boas for his work published as Chinook Texts
- Ranald MacDonald, a half-Chinookan, born in Fort Astoria, Oregon, to Archibald McDonald, a Scottish Hudson's Bay Company fur trader, and Raven, chief Concomly's daughter, was the first American to teach English in Japan, in 1847-1848, including educating Einosuke Moriyama, one of the chief interpreters that would later handle the negotiations between Commodore Perry and the Tokugawa Shogunate
- Catherine Troeh, historian, artist, activist and advocate for Native American rights and culture. Chief Comcomly or Concomly (1754? - 1830 was a Native American chief of the Chinookan people Franz Boas ( July 9, 1858 &ndash December 21, 1942) was a German - American anthropologist and a pioneer of modern Ranald MacDonald ( 3 February, 1824 &ndash August 24, 1894) was the first man to teach the English language in Japan, including The City of Astoria is the County seat of Clatsop County, Oregon, United States. The Scots people ( Scots Gaelic: Albannaich) are a Nation and an Ethnic group indigenous to Scotland. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. was a Samurai during the Tokugawa Shogunate, and an interpreter of Dutch and English Matthew Calbraith Perry ( April 10, 1794 &ndash March 4, 1858) was the Commodore of the U The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the, and the, was a feudal regime of Japan established by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the Shoguns of Catherine Herrold Troeh ( January 5 1911 &ndash June 28 2007) was an American Historian, Artist, Activist She was a member and elder of the Chinook tribe and a direct descendant of chief Comcomly
- Chief Tumulth, signed the treaty that created the Grand Ronde Reservation and was later killed by Gen. The Grand Ronde Community is an Indian reservation located on several non-contiguous sections of land in southwestern Yamhill County and northwestern Polk County Philip Sheridan
See also
References
- ^ For the 2001 recognition, see 66 Federal Register 1690 (2001) at [1]; for the subsequent reversal, see 67 Federal Register 46204 (2002) at [2]
- Judson, Katharine Berry (1912). Philip Henry Sheridan (March 6 1831 &ndash August 5 1888 was a career United States Army officer and a Union general in the American Civil War Chinookan is a small family of languages spoken in Oregon and Washington along the Columbia River by Chinook peoples Myths and legends of the Pacific Northwest, especially of Washington and Oregon (DJVU), Washington State Library's Classics in Washington History collection, 2nd, McClurg. OCLC 10363767. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose Oral traditions from the Chinook, Nez Perce, Klickitat and other tribes of the Pacific Northwest.
External links
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