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This article contains Chinese text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters. Mojibake is the happenstance of incorrect unreadable characters (garbage characters shown when Computer software fails to render a text correctly according to its associated A Chinese character, also known as a Han character ( is a Logogram used in writing Chinese (hanzi Japanese ( |
The wen (English: cash, Chinese: 文) was a currency denomination used in China between 621 and 1948. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Denomination is a proper description of a Currency amount usually for Coins or Banknotes Denominations may also be used with other means of payment like China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National It was the chief denomination until the introduction of the yuan in the late 19th century.
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English terminology
The English term "cash", referring to the Chinese coins, was derived from the Tamil kāsu, a South Indian monetary unit. Tamil (ta தமிழ்; t̪əmɨɻ is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Tamil people of the Indian subcontinent. South India is the area encompassing India 's states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu as well as the union The English word "cash", meaning "tangible currency", is an older word from Middle French caisse. Middle French (le moyen français is a historical division of the French language which covers the period from (roughly 1340 to 1611. [1].
History
The wen was introduced as a denomination used on cast coins in 621. It became one of the chief units of currency and was used to denominate both coins and paper money. Other denominations were used, including various weights, based on the liang system, for sycee silver and gold ingots. Tael can refer to any one of several Weight measures of the Far East. A sycee was a type of Silver or Gold Ingot currency used in China until the 20th century
Until the 19th century, coins denominated in wen were cast, the most common formation being the round-shaped copper coin with a square or circular hole in the centre. The hole enabled the coins to be strung together to create higher denominations, as was frequently done due to the coin's low value. The number of coins in a string (yīguànqián 一貫錢) varied over time and place but was usually 1000. A string of 1000 wen was supposed to be equal in value to one liǎng (tael) of pure silver. Tael can refer to any one of several Weight measures of the Far East. Silver (ˈsɪlvɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol " Ag " (argentum from the Ancient Greek: ἀργήντος - argēntos gen [2] Paper money sometimes showed pictures of the appropriate number of 1 wen coins strung together.
In the 19th century, foreign coins began to circulate widely in China, particularly silver coins such as the Mexican peso. The peso ( sign: $; code: MXN) is the currency of Mexico. The symbol used for the peso is " $ " basically In 1889, Chinese currency began to be denominated in the yuan and its subdivisions. The wen was retained in this system as 1⁄1000 yuan. Traditional style, cast 1 wen coins continued to be produced until the end of the Chinese Empire in 1911. The last coins denominated in wen were struck in the early years of the Republic of China in 1924. REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES
Coins
Numerous authorities issued wen coins in the nineteenth century, including departments of the Imperial government (The Board of Revenue and Board of Public Works) together with provincial authorities. Most coins were 1 wen denominations, but denominations of 5, 10, 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 wen were also issued. After the introduction of the yuan, coins were struck in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20 wen.
Paper money
The world's first paper money, issued in China between the 7th and 15th centuries, was denominated in wen. Paper Money is the second album by the band Montrose. It was released in 1974 and was the last album to feature Sammy Hagar as lead vocalist The notes carried depictions of coins, sometimes in strings of ten. The notes of the Yuan dynasty suffered from hyperinflation due to over production without sufficient coins to back them and were withdrawn. The Yuan Dynasty ( Pinyin: Yuáncháo Dai Ön Ulus (Дай Юан Улс was a ruling Dynasty founded by the Mongol leader Kublai Certain figures in this article use Scientific notation for readability Paper money reappeared in the 19th century. In 1853, notes were introduced in denominations of 500, 1000 and 2000 wen. 5000 wen notes followed in 1856, with 10,000, 50,000 and 100,000 wen notes added in 1857. The last of these notes were issued in 1859.
External influence
Early Korean and Japanese currencies, the Korean mun and Japanese mon, were derived from the Chinese wen. Korea is a geographic area composed of two sovereign countries a civilization and a former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The mun was introduced as the main currency of Korea in 1633 and stayed in use until 1892 The was a currency of Japan from Muromachi period until 1870 It resembled and was derived from the Chinese wen (cf In 1695, the Shogunate placed the Japanese character gen (元) on the obverse of copper coins. are the Chinese characters that are used in the modern Japanese logographic writing system along with Hiragana (ひらがな 平仮名 Katakana [3]
See also
References
- ^ Douglas Harper (2001). The was a currency of Japan from Muromachi period until 1870 It resembled and was derived from the Chinese wen (cf The mun was introduced as the main currency of Korea in 1633 and stayed in use until 1892 Vietnamese cash (văn Hán tự: 文) is a cast round coin with a square hole Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved on 2007-04-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 491 - Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine Emperor, with the name of Anastasius I.
- ^ Fredrik Schöth. Chinese Currency. Revised and edited by Virgil Hancock. Iola, WI, USA: Krause, 1965.
- ^ Isaac Titsingh. (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi Gahō, 1652]. Hayashi Gahō (林鵞峰 (1618 &ndash 1688 also known as Hayashi Shunsai, was a Japanese Neo-Confucian scholar teacher and administrator in the system of Nipon o daï itsi ran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. is a 17th century chronicle of the serial reigns of Japanese emperors with brief notes about some of the noteworthy events or other happenings during each period ] Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. The Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland (RAS was according to its Royal Charter of August 11, 1824 (Digitized text copy (French)) p. 415.
- Krause, Chester L. and Clifford Mishler (1991). Standard Catalog of World Coins: 1801-1991, 18th ed. The Standard Catalog of World Coins is a series of numismatic Catalogs commonly known as the Krause catalogs in the Numismatic hobby , Krause Publications. ISBN 0-87341-150-1.
- Pick, Albert (1994). Standard Catalog of World Paper Money: General Issues, Colin R. The Standard Catalog of World Paper Money is a very well-known catalogue of Banknotes that is published by Krause Publications in three volumes Bruce II and Neil Shafer (editors), 7th ed. , Krause Publications. ISBN 0-87341-207-9.
- Isaac Titsingh. Isaac Titsingh ( 10 January 1745 in Amsterdam – 2 February 1812 in Paris) was a Dutch surgeon scholar merchant-trader (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi Gahō, 1652]. Hayashi Gahō (林鵞峰 (1618 &ndash 1688 also known as Hayashi Shunsai, was a Japanese Neo-Confucian scholar teacher and administrator in the system of Nipon o daï itsi ran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. is a 17th century chronicle of the serial reigns of Japanese emperors with brief notes about some of the noteworthy events or other happenings during each period ] Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. The Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland (RAS was according to its Royal Charter of August 11, 1824 (Digitized text copy (French))
- This article contains material from the Library of Congress Country Studies, which are United States government publications in the public domain. The Country Studies are works published by the Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress ( USA) freely available for use by researchers The federal government of the United States is the central United States Governmental body established by the United States Constitution. The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
External links
- Don's World Coin Gallery - China
- Ron Wise's World Paper Money - China Mirror site
- Tables of Modern Monetary Systems by Kurt Schuler - China Mirror site
- The Global History of Currencies - China
- Global Financial Data currency histories table (
Microsoft Excel format) - Chinese Coinage Website
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