| Chindwin | |
|---|---|
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| Origin | Burma |
| Basin countries | Burma |
| Length | 1,207 km (750 mi) |
| Source elevation | 1,134 m (3,721 ft) |
The Chindwin River (Burmese: Chindwin Myit) is a river in Burma (Myanmar) and the largest tributary of the Ayeyarwady River. Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar ( pjìdàunzṵ mjàmmà nàinŋàndɔ̀ is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia. A drainage basin is an extent of Land where Water from Rain or Snow melt drains downhill into a body of water such as a River, Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar ( pjìdàunzṵ mjàmmà nàinŋàndɔ̀ is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia. The Burmese language (မြန်မာဘာသာ myà̃mà bàθà MLCTS: myanma bhasa) is the official Language of Burma. Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar ( pjìdàunzṵ mjàmmà nàinŋàndɔ̀ is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia. A tributary is a Stream or River which flows into a mainstem (or parent river The Ayeyarwady River or Irrawaddy River ( is a River that flows from north to south of Burma (Myanmar It flows entirely within Burma and is known as Ning-thi to the Manipuris.
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Geography
The Chindwin river originates in the broad Hukawng Valley of Kachin State of Burma, roughly , where the Tanai Kha, the Tabye, the Tawan, and the Taron (also known as Turong or Towang) rivers meet. The Hukawng Valley is an isolated valley in Burma, roughly in area Kachin State ( Jingphaw Mungdaw) is the northernmost state of Burma.
The headwaters of the Tanai Kha are at about on the Shwedaunggyi peak of the Kumon range, twelve miles north of Mogaung. It flows due north for the first part until it reaches the Hukawng Valley, when it turns to the west and flows through the middle of the plain, joined by the Tabye, the Tawan, and the Taron from the right bank. These rivers drain the ranges to the north and northeast of the Hukawng valley.
The Tanai Kha exits the Hukawng valley through the Taron or Turong valley and through a sharp defile in the river. Defile is a geographic term for a narrow pass or gorge between mountains or hills It then takes on the name of Chindwin, and maintains a generally southern course.
It passes the town of Singkaling Hkamti on the left bank, then the town of Homalin, also on the left bank. Homalin is a town in northwest Myanmar. Just below Homalin, the Chindwin is joined by the Uyu (or Uru) river on the left. The Uyu is the largest tributary on the Chindwin river. A tributary is a Stream or River which flows into a mainstem (or parent river The famous jade mines of Burma lies in the headwaters of Uyu river. Jade is an Ornamental stone. The term jade is applied to two different rocks that are made up of different Silicate minerals. Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar ( pjìdàunzṵ mjàmmà nàinŋàndɔ̀ is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia.
Below Homalin, the Chindwin is joined on the right by the Yu river, which drains the Kabaw valley. Further downstream, it is joined on the right by the Myittha river, draining the Kale valley. The town of Kalewa is on the left bank confluence of the Myittha river. Kalewa is a Town at the confluence of the Chindwin River and the Myittha River in northwest Myanmar. Confluence, in Geography, describes the meeting of two or more Bodies of water. The river's course is generally southwesterly until the town of Mingin.
It then takes a more southeasterly course entering into broad central plain, passing the city of Monywa on the left bank. Monywa ( is a city in Sagaing Division, Myanmar, located 136 km northwest of Mandalay on the eastern bank of the River Chindwin. Its course at this point forms the boundary between the Sagaing and Pakokku districts. Sagaing ( population estimate 300000 is the chief city and capital of Sagaing Division in Myanmar. Pakokku ( Burmese:) is a Town in the Magway Division in Myanmar.
It enters the Ayeyarwady River (Irrawaddy) at about . The Ayeyarwady River or Irrawaddy River ( is a River that flows from north to south of Burma (Myanmar The extreme outlets into the Ayeyarwady are about 22 miles apart, the interval forming a succession of long, low, partially populated islands. The lowest mouth of the Chindwin is, according to tradition, an artificial channel, cut by one of the Kings of Bagan (Pagan). A delta is a Landform where the mouth of a River flows into an Ocean, Sea, Estuary, Lake or another river Bagan ( formerly Pagan, is an ancient city in the Mandalay Division of Burma. It was choked up for many centuries until in 1824 it was opened out by an exceptional flood. Satellite pictures show this lowest channel to be widest channel today.
Environment
Much of Chindwin's course lies in the within mountain ranges and forests. Due to the difficulty of access, much of it remains unspoilt. The government of Burma recently created a very large (2,500 square mile) sanctuary for the endangered tiger within the Hukawng Valley. The Hukawng Valley is an isolated valley in Burma, roughly in area
Ethnography and culture
Economics
The Chindwin is served by regular river-going vessels up to the town of Homalin. Teak forests within the drainage area have been a valuable resource since ancient times. Teak ( Tectona) is a genus of tropical Hardwood Trees in the family Verbenaceae, native to the south and southeast of Asia Drainage is the natural or artificial removal of surface and sub-surface water from a given area The Hukawng Valley is known for its abundance of Burmese amber. The Hukawng Valley is an isolated valley in Burma, roughly in area Amber is Fossil tree Resin, which is appreciated for its color and beauty Along the river, there are deposits of jade, but the best jade is in the headwaters of the Uyu river. Jade is an Ornamental stone. The term jade is applied to two different rocks that are made up of different Silicate minerals.
History
The mountain ranges to the west of the Chindwin are formidable, yet not totally impregnable to armies. The Burmese army in the 18th century invaded and occupied Manipur and Assam marching across these ranges, and even encroached upon British India. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system Manipur (mnipur in Meitei Mayek) is a state in northeastern India, making its capital in the city of Assam) ( Assamese: অসম Ôxôm) is a northeastern state of India with its capital at Dispur, a suburb of the city
During the World War II, when the Japanese had cut off sea access, the British army and other allied forces under the General Joseph Stilwell retreated on foot to India across the same mountains, with disastrous results, mainly due to disease and hunger. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Empire of Japan ( {{unicode|Kyūjitai}}: ja 大日本帝國 Shinjitai: ja 大日本帝国 pronounced Dai Nippon Teikoku General Joseph Warren Stilwell ( March 19, 1883 – October 12, 1946) was a United States Army four-star General The Ledo Road was built across the Hukawng valley to supply China. Burma and Ledo Road 1944 - 1945jpg|250px|thumb|right|Burma Road and Ledo Road in 1944]]Ledo Burma Roads Assam-Burma-China The Chindwin was a major barrier both for the Japanese trying to invade India and for the Allied forces to reoccupy Burma.
Bibliography
- J. G. Scott, Gazetteer of Upper Burma and the Shan States. Sir (James George Scott, KCIE (pseudonym Shway Yoe 25 December 1851 - April 4, 1935 was a Scottish Journalist and colonial 5 vols. Rangoon, 1900-1901
External links
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