Chin augmentation using surgical implants can alter the underlying structure of the face, providing better balance to the facial features. An implant is a Medical device made to replace and act as a missing biological structure (as compared with a transplant, which indicates transplanted Biomedical The term face refers to the central sense organ complex for those animals that have one normally on the ventral surface of the head and can depending on the definition This operation is often, but not always, performed at the time of rhinoplasty to help balance the facial proportions. Rhinoplasty ( Rhinos, "Nose" + el ''Plassein'' "to shape" is a surgical procedure which is usually performed by either an Otolaryngologist Chin augmentation may be achieved by manipulation of the jaw bone (mandible) and augmentation utilizing this technique usually provides a more dramatic correction than with the use of prosthetic implants.
Chin implants are to build a better profile. In the Human anatomy, the chin is the lowermost part of the Face. [1] Patients’ own bone is donated from ribs and from part of the pelvis (the ilium. ) Unfortunately, use of donated bone implants in chin augmentation, even the patient’s own, appears to be associated with a higher rate of infection, even after the implant has been in place for decades. An infection is the detrimental Colonization of a host Organism by a foreign Species.
Chin augmentation is still popular because it’s a relatively easy operation for the patient while producing noticeable changes in the silhouette of the face. A silhouette is a view of some object or scene consisting of the outline and a featureless interior with the silhouette usually being black This type of surgery is usually performed by a either an oral and maxillofacial surgeon, otolaryngologist, or plastic surgeon.
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Potential risks and side effects
The usual complications are relatively minor and include swelling, hematoma (blood pooling) and numbness of the lower lip which usually does not last long. A hematoma, or haematoma, is a collection of Blood outside the blood vessels generally the result of Hemorrhage, or more specifically Internal bleeding Other, less common risks include infection, bony changes and displacement of the implant. [2]
Chemical compositions
Gore-tex used in plastic surgery and other operations is known by an abbreviation of its chemical name, ePTFE (expanded polytetrafluoroethylene) or Gore S. In Chemistry, poly(tetrafluoroethene or poly(tetrafluoroethylene ( PTFE) is a synthetic Fluoropolymer which finds numerous applications A. M. (subcutaneous augmentation material. )[3]
ePTFE is used in medicine because it is biocompatible and does not cause problems inside the human body. Biocompatibility is related to the behavior of Biomaterials and in that it is a peculiar word because it would seem that are at least two opposing uses of the same term Because ePTFE is flexible and soft but very strong, it is inserted during operations in trimmed sheets and carved blocks and held to the bone by titanium screws. Titanium (taɪˈteɪniəm is a Chemical element with the symbol Ti and Atomic number 22 But because the material is porous, the force that really holds the implant in place is soft tissue and bone growing through and into the implant. Porosity is a measure of the void spaces in a material and is measured as a fraction between 0–1 or as a Percentage between 0–100%
Another chin augmentation implant material is commercially known as AlloDerm and known to physicians as acellular human cadavertic derms. AlloDerm comes from tissue donors; just after death, technicians remove a thin layer of skin and use antibiotics and other substances to remove the cells and donor DNA that may cause rejection. In modern usage an antibiotic is a Chemotherapeutic agent with activity against Microorganisms such as Bacteria, fungi or Protozoa Deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA) is a Nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known The graft that emerges is often used to cover chin implants. Other typical types of chin implants include silicone implants in varying degrees of softness; silicone elastomers (any of various polymers having the elastic properties of natural rubber) and porous polyethylene implants. Silicones are largely inert compounds with a wide variety of forms and uses An elastomer is a Polymer with the property of Elasticity. The term which is derived from elastic polymer, is often used interchangeably with the term Polyethylene or polythene ( IUPAC name poly(ethene) is a Thermoplastic commodity heavily used in consumer products (notably the Other common implant materials include Supramid, a braided nonabsorbale synthetic suture material in polymer shell and Mersiline, a mesh-like material that provides a scaffold on the bone. [4]
References
- ^ Aufricht, G: combined plastic surgery of the nose and chin; resume of twenty seven years’ experiences. Am J Surg 1958 Feb;95(2): 231-6
- ^ Costantino PD. FriedmanCD: Soft-tissue augmentation and replacement in the head and neck. General considerations, Ontolaryngol Clin North Am 1994 Feb;27(1): 1-12
- ^ Gore Medical Products Maas CS, Merwin GE, Wilson J, et al: Comparison of biomaterials for facial augmentation. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1990 May; 116(5): 551-6.
- ^ Guyuron B, Raszewski RL: A critical comparison of osteoplasic and alloplastic augmentation genioplasty. Aesthhetic Plast Surg 1990 Summer, 14(3): 199-206
See also
External links
- Combining Chin-Jowl Implants with Local Anesthesia Facial Rejuvenation
- Facial Plastic Surgery Network Discussion Forum
- Chin augmentation - article at Citizendium
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