Chiloé Island (Spanish: "Isla de Chiloé"), also known as Isla Grande de Chiloé "Greater Island of Chiloé", is a South American island off the coast of Chile, in the Pacific Ocean. South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a Chile, officially the Republic of Chile ( Spanish:) is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow Coastal strip wedged between the The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions The island is located in southern Chile, in the Los Lagos Region. Geography and demography The region has an area of 67013 km² and its population according to the 2002 INE Census was 1073135 with a population density It is the main island of the Chiloé Archipelago. Chiloé Archipelago (Archipiélago de Chiloé consists of several islands lying off the coast of Chile. The variety of potato which is most widely grown throughout the world is indigenous to the island. The potato is a Starchy Tuberous crop Vegetable from the perennial Solanum tuberosum of the Solanaceae
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Geography
Chiloé Island (8,394 km², 3241 sq mi), is the second largest island in Chile (and the fifth largest in South America), after the Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego. Tierra del Fuego ( Spanish for " Land of Fire " in English tiˈɛərə dɛl ˈfweɪgoʊ] Spanish ˈtjerað̞elˈfweɰo is an Archipelago It is separated from the Chilean mainland by the Chacao Strait ("Canal Chacao") to the north, and by the Gulf of Ancud (Golfo de Ancud) and the Gulf of Corcovado (Golfo Corcovado) to the east; the Pacific ocean lies to the west, and the Chonos Archipelago lies to the south, across the Boca del Guafo. The Chacao Channel ( Spanish: "Canal de Chacao" is located in Los Lagos Region, Chile and separates the island of Chiloé from mainland Gulf of Ancud (Golfo de Ancud is a large body of water separating the Chiloé Island from the mainland of Chile. Gulf of Corcovado (Golfo de Corcovado is a large body of water separating the Chiloé Island from the mainland of Chile. Chonos Archipelago (Archipiélago de los Chonos is a series of low mountainous elongated Islands with deep bays are traces of a drowned coastal range The island is 190 km (118 mi) from north to south, and averages 55-65 km wide (35 to 40 mi). The capital is Castro, on the east side of the island; the second largest town is Ancud, at the island's northwest corner, and there are several smaller port towns on the east side of the island, such as Quellón, Dalcahue and Chonchi. Castro is a city and comune in the Chilean island of Chiloé Island. Ancud ( is a City in southern Chile located in the northernmost part of the island and province of Chiloé, in Los Lagos Region Quellón is a Chilean city commune and port in southern Chiloé Island, Los Lagos Region. Dalcahue is a port town and a commune on Chiloé Island, Los Lagos Region, Chile. Chonchi is a Chilean town and commune located in Los Lagos Region.
Chiloé Province includes all the Chiloé Archipelago except the Grupo Desertores islands, plus the Isla Guafo. Chiloé is one of the provinces of Los Lagos Region of Chile. Chiloé Archipelago (Archipiélago de Chiloé consists of several islands lying off the coast of Chile. Guafo Island (Isla Guafo is an island located southwest of Chiloé Island and northwest of Chonos Archipelago, Chile. The area of Chiloé province is 9181 km² (3546 sq mi). The administrative center of the province is Castro, while the episcopal see of the Roman Catholic bishopric is Ancud. Chiloé province is part of the Los Lagos Region (Región de los Lagos), which mainly includes the Chilean lakes region on the mainland north of Chiloé. Geography and demography The region has an area of 67013 km² and its population according to the 2002 INE Census was 1073135 with a population density The administrative center of the region is Puerto Montt. Puerto Montt is a port city and commune in southern Chile, located at the northern end of the Reloncaví Sound in the Llanquihue Province, Los Lagos
Chiloé and the Chonos Archipelago are a southern extension of the Chilean coastal range, which runs north and south, parallel to the Pacific coast and the Andes Mountains. The Andes form the world's longest exposed Mountain range. They lie as a continuous chain of highland along the western coast of South America. The Chilean Central Valley lies between the coastal mountains and the Andes, of which the Gulfs of Ancud and Corcovado form the southern extension. Mountains run north and south along the spine of the island. The east coast is deeply indented, with several natural harbors and numerous smaller islands.
The Potato
Evidence ranging from historical records, local agriculturalists, and DNA analyses strongly supports the hypothesis that the most widely cultivated variety of potato worldwide, Solanum tuberosum tuberosum, is indigenous to Chiloe Island and has been cultivated by the local indigenous people since before the coming of the Spanish. The potato is a Starchy Tuberous crop Vegetable from the perennial Solanum tuberosum of the Solanaceae [1] [2]
Climate
Chiloe runs from 41º 47' S to 43º 26' S latitude, and has a humid, cool temperate climate. The western side of the island is rainy and wild, home to the Valdivian temperate rain forests, one of the world's few temperate rain forests. The Valdivian temperate rain forests are a temperate broadleaf and mixed forest ecoregion located on the west coast of southern South America, lying mostly Chiloé National Park (Parque Nacional de Chiloé) is located on the Island's western shore and includes part of the coastal range. Chiloé National Park is a national park of Chile, located in the western coast of Chiloé Island, in Los Lagos Region (region of the lakes The eastern shore, in the rain shadow of the interior mountains, is warmer and drier.
History
Chiloé's first known inhabitants were the Chonos, a nomadic people. The Valdivian temperate rain forests are a temperate broadleaf and mixed forest ecoregion located on the west coast of southern South America, lying mostly Chonos Archipelago (Archipiélago de los Chonos is a series of low mountainous elongated Islands with deep bays are traces of a drowned coastal range Later the Huilliche (a part of the Mapuche) came from the mainland and settled on the eastern shore, practicing agriculture and fishing. The Huilliche ( Huillice) is an ethnic group of Chile, belonging to the Mapuche culture The Mapuche are the indigenous inhabitants of Central and Southern Chile and Southern Argentina.
In 1567 the island was first claimed by Spain, which was exploring and claiming most of South America and many neighbouring islands, and established a settlement at Castro in 1567, which later became the seat of a Jesuit mission, and was capital of the province until the founding of Ancud in 1768. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The Society of Jesus ( Latin: Societas Iesu, SJ and SI or SJ, SI) is a Catholic religious order Year 1768 ( MDCCLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a
In 1784 Chiloé Island was made a direct dependency of the colonial viceroyalty of Peru as concequence of the Bourbon reforms, while continental Chile was a captaincy-general within the viceroyalty. Created in 1542 the Viceroyalty of Peru (in Spanish, Virreinato del Perú) was a Spanish colonial administrative district that originally contained most of Spanish-ruled
Unlike the central region of Chile where a long war of independence resumed after a Spanish reoccupation, Chiloe never joined the "Patria Vieja" (Old Republic). Zona central ( Central Zone, Central Chile) is one of the five Natural regions on which CORFO divided continental Chile in In December 1817 the island became the last stronghold of Spanish loyalists (together with Valdivia) fleeing from the Chilean mainland. Valdivia is a city and commune in southern Chile administered by the Municipality of Valdivia A Chilean expedition led by Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald failed to conquer it. Admiral Lord Sir Thomas Alexander Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald, Marquês do Maranhão GCB, RN (14 December On 15 January 1826, after another unsuccessful attempt in 1824, the Spanish forces surrendered to a military expedition led by Ramon Freire, and the island was fully incorporated into the independent republic of Chile, although Spain did not recognize it until 1844. Ramón Freire Serrano ( November 29, 1787 &ndash December 9, 1851) was a Chilean Political figure.
The last Spanish Military governors were :
- Mariano Osorio December 1817 - 1818
- Antonio de Quintanilla 1818 - 15 January 1826
Charles Darwin visited Chiloé during the summer of 1834–1835, writing about his impressions of southern Chile in his diaries [1]. Mariano Osorio ( Sevilla, Spain; 1777 - † Havana, Cuba; 1819 was a Spanish general and Governor of Chile from 1814-1815 Charles Robert Darwin (February 12 1809 &ndash April 19 1882 was an English naturalist, who realised and demonstrated that all Species of life Year 1834 ( MDCCCXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Year 1835 ( MDCCCXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common This is about the book For the expedition see Second voyage of HMS Beagle The Voyage of the Beagle is a title commonly given to
During the colonization of Patagonia by Chile and Argentina, a lot of chilotes migrated to the mainland to work in cattle farming. Llao LLaojpg|thumb|250px| Lake Nahuel Huapi, near Bariloche, Argentina For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics.
The cathedral in Ancud was totally destroyed and Castro was badly damaged by the Great Chilean Earthquake of 1960, widely considered to be the most powerful ever recorded. The 1960 Valdivia earthquake or Great Chilean Earthquake (Gran terremoto de Valdivia of 22 May, 1960 is the most powerful Earthquake ever Year 1960 ( MCMLX) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In 1982, the provincial capital, after over 200 years, was returned to Castro. Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar)
Demographics and economy
The population of the province with its ten municipalities according to the 2002 census was 154,775; of this, 44% lived in rural areas, according to the Instituto Nacional de Estadisticas (INE). A municipality is an administrative entity composed of a clearly defined territory and its population and commonly denotes a City, Town, or Village, or See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population Chiloé's people are known as Chilotes.
Salmon aquaculture, tourism, agriculture and timber are the mainstays of the island economy. Aquaculture is the farming of freshwater and saltwater organisms including Molluscs Crustaceans and aquatic plants
Tourism
Having evolved for centuries isolated from mainland Chile, the "Chilotes" developed a strong, self-reliant culture, rich in folklore, mythology and tradition. This very identity is what constitutes the island's major attraction for domestic tourists in Chile and increasingly, for international tourists. As in the Calakmul case above, tourism to Chiloé is very strongly based on the island's cultural heritage, predominantly consisting of crafts markets, appreciation of cultural landscapes, museum exhibitions, seafood cuisine and architectural heritage (Chiloé's old churches). However, the average tourist to the island will have little opportunity to see Chilotes involved in their living cultural activities, such as the elaborate preparation of the islands famous "curanto" meal, rich in shellfish, meat and potatoes, the management practices of their farm and forest lands, boat building and more.
In order to overcome the cultural and organizational barriers that keep suppliers of living cultural heritage and tour operators apart, the Chiloé diocese of Ancud established a private foundation called "Fundación con Todos" (One for All Foundation). Among other activities, the Foundation has played a key role in helping a number of Chilote households organize themselves into an "agrotourism" network. The Foundation helped Chilote households make the preparation required to accommodate tourists (including training in sanitation and maintenance of facilities, the provision of basic infrastructure) and complemented this effort with a professional marketing campaign. These works were undertaken with the financial support of other agencies.
Again, in cooperation with the EOMF and the Chiloé Model Forest, a cultural and natural heritage tour was organized to Argentina and Chile, including a three-day visit to Chiloé, permitting some of the Chilote households to host a group of cultural heritage tourists for the first time. The visits were very successful and should be the first of more to come, helping establish the credibility of Chiloé's agrotourism network among other tour operators.
http://www.chin.gc.ca/Resources/Icom/English/Collection/e_texte_mp.html
Culture
In part because of its physical isolation from the rest of Chile, Chiloé has a very special architecture and local culture. The Spanish, who arrived in the 16th century, and Jesuit missionaries who followed, constructed hundreds of small wooden churches in an attempt to bring Christianity to a pagan land; the result was a mixing of Catholicism and pagan beliefs. The Society of Jesus ( Latin: Societas Iesu, SJ and SI or SJ, SI) is a Catholic religious order The Churches of Chiloé in Chile are a unique architectural phenomenon in the Americas and one of the most prominent buildings of Chilota architecture. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings As a Christian Ecclesiastical term Catholic —from the Greek adjective, meaning "general" or "universal"—is described These unique buildings have been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex
Architecture
Chilotan architecture is a unique architectural style that is mainly restricted to Chiloe Island and nearby areas. Chiloé Island ( Spanish: "Isla de Chiloé" also known as' Isla Grande de Chiloé "Greater Island of Chiloé", is the largest island
In part because of its physical isolation from the rest of Chile, and access to different materials, Chiloé has a very special architecture that differs a lot from the typical Spanish colonial architecture. The Spanish Colonial Style dominated in the early Spanish colonies of North and South America as well as in the Philippines. The Spanish who arrived in the 16th century, and Jesuit missionaries who followed, constructed hundreds of small wooden churches in an attempt to bring Christianity to a pagan land; the result was a mixing of Catholicism and pagan beliefs. The Society of Jesus ( Latin: Societas Iesu, SJ and SI or SJ, SI) is a Catholic religious order The Churches of Chiloé in Chile are a unique architectural phenomenon in the Americas and one of the most prominent buildings of Chilota architecture. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings As a Christian Ecclesiastical term Catholic —from the Greek adjective, meaning "general" or "universal"—is described These unique buildings have been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex
Nearly all the houses and buildings in colonial Chiloe were built with wood, and roof shingles were extensively employed. Roof shingles are a roof covering consisting of individual overlapping elements Roof shingles of Fitzroya came to be used as money and called "Real de Alerce". Fitzroya is a Genus in the cypress family Cupressaceae with a single Species, Fitzroya cupressoides native to the The real was a unit of currency in Spain for several centuries In the late XIX century a lot of palafitos (stilt houses) were built in cities like Castro and Chonchi. A palafito is an Amerindian stilt village or dwelling erected on bodies of water Stilt houses or pile dwellings are houses raised on Piles over the surface of the soil or a body of water Castro is a city and comune in the Chilean island of Chiloé Island. Chonchi is a Chilean town and commune located in Los Lagos Region.
Mythology
Chiloé have a rich folklore with many mythological animals and spirits (the Caleuche, the Trauco, the Pincoya, the Invunche, etc. The Chilota mythology is formed by the myths legends and beliefs of the people who live in the Chiloé Archipelago, in the south of Chile. The Caleuche is a mythical Ghost ship in the local folklore and Chilota mythology of Chiloé Island in Chile. The Trauco, according to the traditional Chilota mythology of Chiloé, is a type of Goblin who lives in the deep forests The Pincoya is according to local mythology a goddess of the Chilotan Seas In the Chilote Folklore and Chilota mythology of the Chiloé Island in southern Chile, the Invunche is a legendary monster that protects ). Chilota mythology is based on a mixture of indigenous religions (the Chonos and Huilliches) that live in the Archipelago of Chiloé, and the legends and superstitions brought by the Spanish Conquistadores, who in 1567 began the process of conquest in Chiloé and with it the fusion of elements that would form a separate mythology. Chono is an extinct group of people who were indigenous to Chiloé Island, Los Lagos, Chile. The Huilliche ( Huillice) is an ethnic group of Chile, belonging to the Mapuche culture This article is about the Spanish explorer soldiers of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuriesfor other uses see Conquistador (disambiguation A Conquistador Chilota mythology flourished, isolated from other beliefs and myths in Chile, due to the separation of the archipelago from the rest of the Spanish occupation in Chile, when the Mapuches occupied or destroyed by all the Spanish settlements between the Bío-Bío River and the Chacao channel following the disaster of Curalaba in 1598. The Mapuche are the indigenous inhabitants of Central and Southern Chile and Southern Argentina. The Biobío River (Also known as Bío Bío or Bio-Bio) is the second largest River in Chile. The Disaster of Curalaba is the name given to a battle (or surprise attack between Spanish conquerors led by Martín García Óñez de Loyola and Mapuche people led
See also
References
- ^ Molecular description and similarity relationships among native germplasm potatoes (Solanum tuberosum ssp. tuberosum L.) using morphological data and AFLP markers, Jaime Solano Solis et al, Electronic Journal of Biotechnology, July 2007
- ^ Using DNA, scientists hunt for the roots of the modern potato
External links
- Mythology of Chiloé
- http://www.ovidiolagos.com/english.html Chiloé, a separate world, by Ovidio Lagos
- http://www.planetavivo.org/english/ResearchPrograms/ChiloeForest/SlideShows/DiapoMartin/DiapoMartin1.html Research at Chiloé Rain Forest]
- Making Connections or Breaking Cultural Traditions? (Bridging Chiloé with Chile)
- WorldStatesmen- Chili
- The churches of Chiloe at Unesco world heritage site
- description of the chiloe churches with pictures
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