Chili Con Carne
A pot of chili con carne with beans and tomatoes.
Origin Information
Alternate Names(s):	Chili
Country of Origin :	Texas
Region or State :	Multiple claims
Dish Information
Serving Temperature :	Hot
Main Ingredient(s) :	Chili Peppers Meat
Variations :	Multiple

Chili con carne (often known simply as chili) is a spicy stew-like dish. The chili pepper, chilli pepper, or chili, is the fruit of the plants from the Genus Capsicum, which are members of the nightshade In modern English usage meat most often refers to Animal tissue used as food mostly Skeletal muscle and associated Fat, but it may also refer A spice is a dried Seed, Fruit, Root, Bark or vegetative substance used in Nutritionally insignificant quantities as a Food additive A stew is a combination of Solid Food Ingredients that have been Cooked in Water or other water-based liquid typically by Simmering The essential ingredients are chili peppers and meat. The chili pepper, chilli pepper, or chili, is the fruit of the plants from the Genus Capsicum, which are members of the nightshade In modern English usage meat most often refers to Animal tissue used as food mostly Skeletal muscle and associated Fat, but it may also refer Variations, either geographic or by personal preference, often include tomatoes, onions, garlic, cumin, beans, and other ingredients. The tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum, syn Lycopersicon lycopersicum) is a herbaceous usually sprawling plant in the Solanaceae or nightshade family Organicsalsajpg||thumb|right|Onions used in salsa.]]Cooked onions in frying pan Allium sativum L, commonly known as garlic, is a species in the Onion family Alliaceae. Bean is a common name for large plant Seeds of several genera of the family Fabaceae (formerly Leguminosae used for human food or animal The name "chili con carne" is a slight corruption of the Spanish chile con carne, which means peppers with meat. Chili con carne is the official dish of the U.S. state of Texas as it was originally a Spanish/Mexican province/state. A US state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the United States of America that share Sovereignty with the federal government Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. Chili can now be found world-wide, both in local variations and associated with American-style restaurants like Wendy's. Wendy's is an international chain of Fast food Restaurants founded by Dave Thomas in 1969 in Columbus Ohio.

Contents 1 Origins and history 1.1 Chili queens 1.2 Chili parlors 2 Variations 2.1 Texas chili recipes 2.1.1 Original Texas-style chili 2.1.2 Pedernales River chili 2.2 Beans 2.2.1 Controversy 2.3 Tomatoes 2.4 Vegetarian chili 2.5 Meat on the side chili 2.6 Secret ingredients 3 Accompaniments and additions 4 Commercial chili 5 Other chilis 5.1 White (turkey) chili 5.2 Cincinnati-style chili 5.3 Chili verde (green chili) 6 Other dishes made with chili 6.1 Chili dog 6.2 Chili cheese fries 6.3 Chili rice 6.4 Chili mac 6.5 Frito pie 6.5.1 History 6.6 Chili stuffed spud 7 Quotations and song 8 Similar dishes 9 Notes 10 References 11 External links

Origins and history

Many argue that chili was invented in Mexico during the 1840s, as a replacement for pemmican; others place its origin in Tijuana, Baja California, or Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Pemmican is a concentrated mixture of Fat and Protein used as a nutritious emergency foodstuff Tijuana (ˌtiːəˈwɑːnə Spanish, ti'xwana|ti'ʍana is the largest city of the Mexican state of Baja California, situated on the U Baja California (pronounced ˈbɑːhɑː kælɨˈfɔrnjə in English is the northernmost state of Mexico. Ciudad Juárez, also known as just Juárez, is a city in the Mexican state of Chihuahua formerly known as El Paso del Norte. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America.

The Mexicano origin theory holds that it was created as a complimentary dish served at cantinas, especially to please outsiders, who wanted something spicy and "Mexican" to eat, but also free or cheap. It was made with leftovers from the meals prepared in the cantina and served for free to drinking customers.

The chilies originated in the Americas and were in wide use in pre-Columbian Mexican culture. Any stew made using significant amounts of chilies might be seen as a forerunner of all modern chili recipes.

While evidence of corn in pre-Columbian proto-chili stews remains to be discovered, its usage can be inferred. While bulk grain fillers are not seen as legitimate ingredients in some recipes, masa, a meal made from either corn flour (masa harina) or corn which has been treated with lime to make hominy (Masa nixtamalera), is often used as a thickener and flavoring. Hominy or nixtamal is dried maize (corn kernels which have been treated with an Alkali of some kind

The Americanized recipe consisted of dried beef, suet, dried chile peppers (usually chilepiquenes), and salt, which were pounded together and left to dry into bricks, which could then be boiled in pots on the trail. Suet (/ˈsuːɪt/ is raw Beef or mutton Fat, especially the hard fat found around the Loins and Kidneys Suet has a Melting An alternative, and more widely-accepted theory, holds that chile con carne was born in Ensenada, Mexico in the 1880s as a way of stretching available meat in the kitchens of poor Tejanos. Tejano or Tex-Mex music is also a kind of music originating in Texas However, this theory does not take in account Ensenada and Texas are very far from each other.

"San Antonio Chile Stand" was in operation at the 1893 Columbian Exposition in Chicago, which helped spread a taste for chile to other parts of the country. The World's Columbian Exposition (also called The Chicago World's Fair) a World's Fair, was held in Chicago in 1893 to celebrate the 400th anniversary Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. San Antonio was a significant tourist destination and helped Texas-style chile con carne spread throughout the South and West. ^[1]

Chili queens

During the 1880s, brightly-dressed Hispanic women known as "Chili Queens" began to operate around Military Plaza and other public gathering places in downtown San Antonio. The Spanish language is the second most-common language in the United States after English. The Military Plaza in San Antonio dates back to the eighteenth century as a military and commercial center in San Antonio They would appear at dusk, building charcoal or wood fires to reheat cauldrons of pre-cooked chili, selling it by the bowl to passers-by. The aroma was a potent sales pitch, aided by Mariachi street musicians, who joined in to serenade the eaters. MARIACHI, the Mixed Apparatus for Radar Investigation of Cosmic-rays of High Ionization, is an apparatus for the detection of Ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECR Some Chili Queens later built semi-permanent stalls in the mercado, or local Mexican marketplace. Sao Paulo Stock Exchangejpg|thumb| Virtual market arena where buyer and seller are not present and trade via intemediates and electronical information

In September 1937, the San Antonio health department implemented new sanitary regulations which required the Chili Queens to adhere to the same standards as indoor restaurants. In Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, the United States, and Canada, a tortilla is a type of thin unleavened The Pecan ( Carya illinoinensis, commonly misspelled illinoensis) is a species of Hickory, native to south-central North America The "street chili" culture disappeared overnight. Although [San Antonio Light, 12 September 1937] Mayor Maury Maverick reinstated their privileges in 1939, the more stringent regulations were reapplied permanently in 1943. Events 1213 - Albigensian Crusade: Simon de Montfort 5th Earl of Leicester, defeats Peter II of Aragon at the Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Fontaine Maury Maverick ( October 23, 1895 - June 7, 1954) was a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives

San Antonio's mercado was renovated in the 1970s, at which time it was the largest Mexican marketplace in the U. S. Local merchants began staging historic re-enactments of the Chili Queens' heyday, and the "Return of the Chili Queens Festival" is now part of that city's annual Memorial Day festivities. Memorial Day is a United States Federal holiday observed on the last Monday of May (on May in)

Chili parlors

Before World War II, hundreds of small, family-run chili parlors (also known as "chili joints") could be found throughout Texas and other states, particularly those in which émigré Texans had made their new homes. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Each establishment usually had a claim to some kind of "secret recipe".

One of the best known chili parlors, in part because of its location and socially-connected clientele, was Bob Pool's "joint" in downtown Dallas, just across the street from the headquarters of popular department store Neiman Marcus. Neiman Marcus is an upscale specialty retail Department store, operated by the Neiman Marcus Group in the United States. Stanley Marcus, president of the store, frequently ate there, and sent containers of Pool's chili to friends and customers across the country by air express. Harold Stanley Marcus (April 20 1905 &ndash Several members of General Dwight Eisenhower's SHAPE staff during the early 1950s were reported to have arranged regular shipments from Pool's to Paris. Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (October 14 1890 – March 28 1969 was President of the United States from 1953 until 1961 and a five-star general Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe ( SHAPE) is the central command of NATO Military forces

Variations

Texas chili recipes

Original Texas-style chili

This contains no beans or vegetables except chiles which have been prepared by being boiled, peeled, and chopped. The beans should be cooked separately and served alongside, to be mixed at the diner's discretion in his or her own serving bowl. The meat is simply bite-size — traditionally, the size of a pecan nut — or coarsely ground, with 1/2-inch plate holes in a meat grinder as standard. A meat grinder or meat mincer is a culinary tool for Grinding Meat. It must always be beef, venison, or other mature meats. Venison is the Culinary name for Meat from the family Cervidae. Stewing meat also works well. Prime beef and veal, on the other hand, are not suitable for chili, as they tend not to remain solid. Many cooks omit the suet being much too greasy, although it does add flavor. Suet (/ˈsuːɪt/ is raw Beef or mutton Fat, especially the hard fat found around the Loins and Kidneys Suet has a Melting New Mexico or Anaheim peppers, or a combination of these or others (such as Pasillas, Chiles de Arbol, Anchos, ets. ) are recommended. For an "elevated" flavor, one uses four pepper pods per pound of meat; for a milder "beginners'" version, use only 2-3 pods. Chili powder is a barely adequate substitute in the original recipe; it lacks the subtle sting of the pods. Chili powder is a Generic name for any powdered Spice mix composed chiefly of Chili peppers, most commonly either red peppers or cayenne peppers (A half teaspoon of chili powder is the approximate equivalent of one average-size chili pod. )

Pedernales River chili

President Lyndon Johnson's favorite chili recipe became known as "Pedernales River chili" after the location of his Texas Hill Country ranch. The Texas Hill Country is a region of Central Texas, USA, that features rolling somewhat rugged Hills that consist primarily of Limestone It calls for leaving out the traditional beef suet (on doctor's orders after his heart attack while he was U. S. Senate Majority Leader) and also adds tomatoes and onions. The Senate Majority and Minority Leaders (also called Senate Floor Leaders) are two United States Senators who are elected by the party conferences LBJ preferred venison, when available, over beef; Hill Country deer were thought to be leaner than most. First Lady Lady Bird Johnson had it printed up on cards as a mail-out because of the many thousands of requests the White House received for the recipe. First Lady is a term used in the United States to describe the wife of an elected male Head of state. Claudia Alta "Lady Bird" Taylor Johnson (December 22 1912&ndashJuly 11 2007 was First Lady of the United States from 1963 to 1969 having been the wife of See also Executive Office of the President of the United States The White House, formerly known as the Executive Mansion, is the Official residence

Beans

Beef was plentiful and cheap in San Antonio and other cattle towns. As chili spread east into areas where beef was more expensive, however, chili made with beans became more prevalent. In some eastern areas, this dish is referred to as chili beans, while the term chili is reserved for the all-meat dish.

Pinto beans are commonly used in chili beans, as are black-eyed peas, kidney beans, great northern beans, or navy beans (white beans are uncommon). The black-eyed pea, also called black-eyed bean, blackeye, 眉豆 (Cant Ground beef is more commonly used than diced, and in some recipes is omitted completely. Ground beef, beef mince or hamburger meat (in North America) or mince or mince(d meat (in the rest of the English speaking Other ingredients include chili powder or peppers, canned tomatoes or tomato sauce, onions, and garlic. Chili powder is a Generic name for any powdered Spice mix composed chiefly of Chili peppers, most commonly either red peppers or cayenne peppers Canned tomatoes are Tomatoes usually peeled that are sealed into a can, after having been processed by heat This article is about the sauces often used with pasta In some countries "tomato sauce" is also used to refer to the condiment Ketchup. Organicsalsajpg||thumb|right|Onions used in salsa.]]Cooked onions in frying pan Allium sativum L, commonly known as garlic, is a species in the Onion family Alliaceae. Other vegetables sometimes found in chili beans but unlikely in non-bean chili include bell pepper, celery, and paprika. "Green pepper" redirects here For green peppercorns see Black pepper. See also Wild celery Apium graveolens is a plant species in the family Apiaceae, and yielding celery and Celeriac Paprika is a spice made from the grinding of dried sweet red or green Bell peppers ( Capsicum annuum)

Most commercially prepared canned chili includes beans. Commercial chili prepared without beans is usually called "Chili No Beans" in the United States. Some U. S. manufacturers, notably Bush Brothers and Company and Eden Organic, also sell canned pre-cooked beans (with no meat) that are explicitly labeled "Chili beans" - these beans are intended to be added to a chili recipe by the consumer, and are often pre-spiced. Bush Brothers and Company is a family-owned corporation based in Knoxville Tennessee, best known for its baked beans and more than 40 other related products Eden Foods Inc, (also known as Eden Organic) is the oldest independent Organic food producer in the United States and the largest supplier of organic dry grocery

Chili bean can also refer to a small red variety of common bean also known as the pink bean. The name may have arisen from that bean's resemblance to small chili peppers, or may be a reference to that bean's inclusion in chili recipes.

Controversy

A popular saying among self-proclaimed chili purists is "If you know beans about chili, you know chili ain't got no beans". The thought that beans do not belong in chili may be further credited to the fact that most official chili cookoffs do not allow beans. In many cases a chili will be disqualified if it contains such ingredients considered filler. ^[2]

In fact, Pinto beans (frijoles), a staple of Tex-Mex cooking, have long been associated with chili and the question of whether beans "belong" in chili has been a matter of contention amongst chili cooks for an equally long time. Tex-Mex is a term used primarily in Texas and the Southwestern United States to describe a regional American cuisine that blends Food products It is likely that in many poorer areas of San Antonio and other places associated with the origins of chili, beans were used rather than meat or in addition to meat due to poverty. In that regard, it has been suggested by some chili aficionados that there were probably two chili types made in the world, depending on what could be afforded and how frugal the cook was.

Many easterners are just as adamant about the inclusion of beans in their chili for an authentic flavor as a minority of Texans are about their exclusion. A vocal minority of self-styled 'chili experts' believe that beans and chili should always be cooked separately and served on the side. It is then up to the consumer to stir his preferred quantity of beans into his own bowl.

Tomatoes

Another ingredient considered anywhere from required to sacrilegious is tomatoes. Wick Fowler, north Texas newspaperman and inventor of "Two-Alarm Chili" (which he later marketed as a "kit" of spices), insisted on adding tomato sauce to his chili, one 15-oz. can per three pounds of meat. He also believed that chili should never be eaten newly-cooked but refrigerated overnight to seal in the flavor. Matt Weinstock, a Los Angeles newspaper columnist, once remarked that Fowler's chili "was reputed to open eighteen sinus cavities unknown to the medical profession". ^[3]

Vegetarian chili

Vegetarian chili (also known as chili sin carne, chili without meat, or chili) acquired wide popularity in the U. S. during the 1960s and 1970s with the rise of vegetarianism, and is also popular with those on a diet restricted in red meat. Vegetarianism is the practice of a diet that excludes Meat (including game and slaughter by-products Fish (including Shellfish and other sea To make the chili vegetarian, the meat is left out of the recipe, or replaced with a meat analogue, such as textured vegetable protein or tofu, or a complimentary vegetable such as potatoes. A meat analogue, also called a meat substitute, mock meat, faux meat, imitation meat, or soymeat, approximates the aesthetic qualities Textured or texturized vegetable protein ( TVP) also known as textured soy protein ( TSP) is a Meat substitute made Tofu, also (the Japanese Romaji spelling doufu (the Chinese Pinyin spelling often used in Chinese recipes or bean curd (the literal The potato is a Starchy Tuberous crop Vegetable from the perennial Solanum tuberosum of the Solanaceae Vegetarian chili is sometimes referred to as a spicy vegetable stew rather than authentic chili. A stew is a combination of Solid Food Ingredients that have been Cooked in Water or other water-based liquid typically by Simmering

Many variant recipes exist, and almost any available vegetable can be added, including corn, squash, mushrooms, potatoes, and even beets. Maize (ˈmeɪz ( Zea mays L. ssp mays) known as corn in some countries is a cereal grain domesticated in Mesoamerica Squashes generally refer to four species of the genus Cucurbita native to the Mexico and Central America, also called marrows depending A mushroom is the fleshy Spore -bearing Fruiting body of a Fungus, typically produced above ground on soil or on its food source The potato is a Starchy Tuberous crop Vegetable from the perennial Solanum tuberosum of the Solanaceae The beet or beetroot is a Flowering plant species ( Beta vulgaris) in the family Chenopodiaceae. (Corn, squash, and beans are known as the "Three Sisters" of Native American agriculture in the American Southwest. The Three Sisters are the three main agricultural crops of some Native American groups in North America: squash, Maize, and climbing Beans )

One very popular variant is lentil chili, popular in France. The lentil or daal or pulse ( Lens culinaris) is a bushy Annual plant of the legume family grown for its lens-shaped Seeds This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. In this instance, lentils (usually brown or green lentils) are used in the place of the meat. Because of their high protein content, lentils are an excellent meat substitute, and their flavor blends well with the seasonings in chili. A meat analogue, also called a meat substitute, mock meat, faux meat, imitation meat, or soymeat, approximates the aesthetic qualities Lentil chili is made either with just lentils, or combined with other beans. The seasonings are similar to chili con carne. Alternate meanings Seasoning (cast iron; Seasoning (wood; Seasoning (slave Seasoning is the process of imparting or improving

Meat on the side chili

In order to accommodate vegetarians and non-vegetarians with the same chili recipe, some chefs prepare the meat on the side (al lado), with roughly the same proportion of spices, peppers, onions, etc. as the remainder of the chili, which contains only beans, tomatoes, peppers, and other seasonings. This variant recipe on chile con carne (chili with meat) allows chefs to prepare a single batch of chili that can be enjoyed by vegetarian and other patrons.

When patrons are ready to eat, they can select the amount of meat they wish (in the case of vegetarians, none), add the vegetarian chili to their bowl, mix and enjoy.

Secret ingredients

In addition to the expected ingredients listed above, some more esoteric ingredients are used by some cooks to both personalize their recipe and ensure its superiority. These may include chocolate or cocoa, cumin, peanut butter, corn, pineapple, banana, oranges, tomatillos, beer, coffee, tequila, cola, honey, cinnamon, saffron, molasses, vinegar, wine (usually red), whiskey, or bourbon. Chocolate ( pronounced or /-ˈələt/ comprises a number of raw and processed foods that are produced from the seed of the tropical Cacao tree Cocoa is the dried and fully fermented fatty seed of the cacao tree from which Chocolate is made Peanut butter is a food paste made primarily from ground roasted Peanuts with or without added oil Maize (ˈmeɪz ( Zea mays L. ssp mays) known as corn in some countries is a cereal grain domesticated in Mesoamerica Pineapple ( Ananas comosus) is the common name for an edible Tropical Plant and also its Fruit It is native to the southern part of Brazil For the fruit see Banana. For other meanings see Banana (disambiguation. An orange —specifically the sweet orange —is the Citrus fruit Citrus sinensis ( syn The tomatillo ( Physalis philadelphica) is a Plant of the Solanaceae ( Nightshade) family bearing small spherical and green or Beer is the world's oldest and most widely consumed Alcoholic beverage and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea CoFFEE is an Open source Software for computer supported collaborative learning (CSCL in a digital classroom Tequila is an agave-based spirit made primarily in the area surrounding Tequila, in the northwest of Guadalajara and in the highlands ( Cola is a sweet carbonated drink usually with Caramel coloring and containing Caffeine. Honey is a sweet and Viscous fluid produced by Honey bees (and some other species and derived from the nectar of Flowers According to the Cinnamon ( Cinnamomum verum, synonym C zeylanicum) is a small Evergreen Tree 10–15 metres (32 Saffron ( Kurdish/Persian زَعْفَرَان is a Spice derived from the dried Stigma of the Flower of the saffron crocus ( Crocus sativus Molasses or Treacle is a thick Syrup by-product from the processing of the Sugarcane or Sugar beet into Sugar. Vinegar is an acidic liquid processed from the Fermentation of Ethanol in a process that yields its key ingredient Acetic acid (also called ethanoic acid Wine is an Alcoholic beverage made from the fermentation of Grape juice Whisky (uisge-beatha or whiskey (uisce beatha or fuisce) refers to a broad category of Alcoholic beverages that are distilled from fermented Bourbon is an American Whiskey, a type of distilled spirit, made primarily from Corn and named for Bourbon County Kentucky. Some cooks prefer a cast iron pot to cook their chili. Cast iron is used for cookware because it is non-toxic has excellent heat retention and diffusion properties and is easy to mold. Cornstarch is often added as a thickener, as is masa. Cornstarch, or cornflour, is the Starch of the Maize grain commonly known as Corn. Masa is Spanish for Dough, but in Mexico it sometimes refers to Cornmeal dough ( masa de maíz in Spanish

Accompaniments and additions

Several beverages are commonly used to accompany a bowl of chili, including ice-cold beer, cola to provide a sweet contrast taste, or a glass of cold milk to moderate the impact of the chillies on the throat. Beer is the world's oldest and most widely consumed Alcoholic beverage and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea

Shredded cheese is a common topping. Cheese is a Food made from Milk, usually the milk of cows, Buffalo, Goats or sheep, by coagulation. Saltine crackers, broken up and scattered on top, are common in chili parlors. A saltine or soda cracker is a thin usually square cracker made from white Flour, Shortening, Yeast, and Baking soda Similarly, commercial corn chips can be added as a topping producing something akin to Frito pie. A corn chip is a Snack food made from Cornmeal fried in oil or baked usually in the shape of a small noodle or scoop Jalapeño cornbread, rolled-up corn tortillas, and pork tamales also are popular, for dunking. Cornbread is a generic name for any number of Quick breads (a bread leavened chemically rather than by Yeast) containing Cornmeal. In Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, the United States, and Canada, a tortilla is a type of thin unleavened A tamale ( Spanish tamal, from Nahuatl tamalli) is a traditional indigenous American food consisting of steam-cooked corn Peanut butter sandwiches or peanut butter on saltine crackers served on the side can also accompany chili. In Missouri, a small portion of pickle juice is often poured into the bowl of chili. Similarly in Tennessee, it is common to sprinkle vinegar over the bowl of chili.

In Eastern Tennessee, chili with beans served in a cup with fritos and sour cream is referred to as a Petro, after a restaurant chain who introduced the dish at the 1982 World's Fair in Knoxville Tennessee. The 1982 World's Fair was held in Knoxville, Tennessee, in the United States.

Commercial chili

Willie Gebhardt, originally of New Braunfels, Texas and later of San Antonio, produced the first canned chili in 1908. New Braunfels ( is a city in Comal and Guadalupe counties in the U

Wolf Brand Chili was developed by rancher Lyman Davis near Corsicana, Texas, in 1885. Corsicana is a City in Navarro County, Texas, United States. It its located on Interstate 45 some fifty-five miles south of downtown He owned a meat market and was a particular fan of Texas-style chili. In the 1880s, in partnership with an experienced range cook, he began producing heavily-spiced chili based on chunks of lean beef and rendered beef suet, which he sold by the pot to local cafés. In 1921, Davis began canning his product, naming it for his pet wolf, "Kaiser Bill". Wolf Brand canned chili was a favorite of Will Rogers, who always took along a case of it when traveling and entertaining in other regions of the world. This page is about the humorist for others with similar names see William Rogers. Ernest Tubb, the country singer, was such a fan that one Texas hotel maintained a supply of Wolf Brand for his visits. Ernest Dale Tubb ( February 9, 1914 – September 6, 1984) nicknamed the "Texas Troubadour" was an American Singer

Both the Gebhardt and Wolf brands are now owned by ConAgra Foods, Inc. In the UK, the most popular brand of canned chili is sold by Stagg, a division of Hormel foods. ConAgra Foods Inc ( is one of North America 's largest packaged foods companies The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Hormel Foods Corporation ( is a food company based in southeastern Minnesota ( Mower County) perhaps best known as the producer of SPAM luncheon meat

Another method of marketing commercial chili in the days before widespread home refrigerators was "brick chili". It was produced by pressing out nearly all of the moisture to leave a solid substance roughly the size and shape of a half-brick. Wolf Brand was originally sold in this form. ^[4] Commonly available in small towns and rural areas of the American Southwest in the first three-quarters of the 20th century, brick chili has largely outlived its usefulness and is now difficult to find.

Other chilis

White (turkey) chili

Instead of a tomato-based sauce and red meat (beef), white chili is made using great northern beans and turkey meat or chicken breast. The resulting dish appears white when cooked, and has more of an alkali bean taste, instead of the acidic taste of "regular" chili. The spicing of white chili is similar to that of regular chili, though green chili peppers are more often used than red. Turkey is also used as a substitute for beef in regular chili recipes.

Cincinnati-style chili

Main article: Cincinnati chili

Cincinnati-style chili is a popular regional variation that is entirely different from Texas-style chili. Cincinnati chili (or "Cincinnati-style chili" is a regional style of chili characteristically served over Spaghetti or as a coney Sauce Most notably, it is usually eaten as a topping for spaghetti or hot dogs (called "Coneys"), rather than as a stew by itself. Spaghetti is a long thin cylindrical Pasta of Italian origin A variety of pasta dishes are based on it from spaghetti with cheese and pepper or garlic and A hot dog is a type of fully-cooked cured and/or smoked moist Sausage of soft even texture and flavor It was invented by Greek immigrants, who began serving it in the 1920s. A Greek American (Ελληνοαμερικανοί Ellinoamerikani) is a citizen of the United States, who is of Greek heritage or origin It is much thinner than Texas-style chili, more closely resembling a meat spaghetti sauce and usually not as spicy. Traditionally, a small measure of chocolate and/or cinnamon is added to give Cincinnati style chili its distinctive flavor. The "five way" variation of Cincinnati chili adds beans to the mix, and the "four way" adds onions . The connection between cheddar cheese and chili probably originated in Cincinnati since the cheese normally tops Cincinnati spaghetti dishes. Cheddar cheese is a relatively hard pale yellow to off-white and sometimes sharp-tasting Cheese from the English village of Cheddar, in Somerset

Possibly borrowing from the Cincinnati style, chili recipes throughout the surrounding Ohio Valley will use some or all of the above "five way" ingredients. It will almost always have some type of pasta in it (usually spaghetti). However the seasoning is more mainstream and the chili will have the consistency of a soup.

Chains of diner-style "chili parlors" grew up in the Midwest in the 1920s and 1930s. As of 2005, one of these old-fashioned chili parlors still exists on Pine Street in downtown St. Louis. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. It features a chili-topped dish called a "slinger": two hamburger patties topped with melted American cheese and two eggs, then smothered in chili, all topped off with shredded cheese. This article refers specifically to one type of cheese For other cheeses of the United States see List of American cheeses.

In other parts of the country, this is sold as "Hot Dog Chili" or "Hot Dog Sauce".

Chili verde (green chili)

Chile Verde is a Mexican and Mexican-American stew or sauce usually made from chunks of pork that have been slow cooked in chicken broth, garlic, tomatillos, and jalapeños. Pork' is the Culinary name for Meat from the domestic Pig ( Sus scrofa) often specifically the fresh meat but can be used as an all-inclusive Allium sativum L, commonly known as garlic, is a species in the Onion family Alliaceae. The tomatillo ( Physalis philadelphica) is a Plant of the Solanaceae ( Nightshade) family bearing small spherical and green or The jalapeño ( Nahuatl: xalapeño ( or /ˌhæləˈpeɪnjoʊ/ Castilian, Mexican) is a medium to large size Chili pepper Tomatoes are rarely used. Sometimes the sauce is made with poblanos instead of or in addition to the jalapeños. The Poblano is a very mild Chile pepper originating in the State of Puebla, Mexico.

Chile Verde is usually moderately spicy, with much of its heat related to the proportion of tomatillos to jalapeños; with more jalapeños producing a more picante sauce. Green chili powder has become available for chili verde; other seasonings like garlic or oregano are common. Cumin is used just like red chili. If beans are included, white beans are used. Chili verde uses pork tenderloin (especially in competition chili) or other "white" pork or, in many home recipes, chicken breast

Chili verde is "the other competition chili". It has grown in popularity due primarily to being featured on the competitive chili circuit, giving it wide exposure. Chile Verde is a common filling for the San Francisco Burrito. In San Francisco California, the Mexican-American Burrito has become a city specialty as the New York-based writer Calvin Trillin describes in his essay

Other dishes made with chili

Chili dog

A Chili dog is a frankfurter served with a topping of chili. Hot dog chili can vary greatly. Coney Island sauce is a thin watery dish, many other restaurant chili sauces resemble more of a gravy than chili con carne. Other hot dog chilis are more like real chili con carne, except ground beef is almost always used instead of other types of beef.

Chili cheese fries

Chili is also added to fries and cheese to make "chili cheese fries", or "coney island fries". French fries ( North American English; sometimes not capitalized chips ( British English) fries or French-fried potatoes (formal

Chili rice

In Southeast Texas, some people eat chili over white rice, much like one would eat gumbo; this is due to the proximity to Louisiana, and the fact that rice is a prominent agricultural crop in the area. The Hat is a popular Southern California fast-food restaurant specializing in Pastrami sandwiches Southeast Texas is a subregion of East Texas located in the southeast corner of the U Rice is a Cereal foodstuff which forms an important part of the diet of many people worldwide and as such it is a staple food for many Gumbo is a stew or soup originating in Louisiana, and found across the Gulf Coast of the United States and into the U This dish is known in that area as New Orleans-style chili. Unlike traditionally prepared Asian rice, the white rice used is left marginally undercooked, creating a slightly more solid and fibrous texture. It is also used as a cheap and simple way to "pad out" the dish with low cost ingredients, similar to the traditional use of beans.

Chili over rice (frequently with beans) is also common in Japan and Hawaii (where it is known as chili rice), the United Kingdom (where it is known as chili con carne, and the non-rice version known only as chili), France (where without rice it is called chili au boeuf), Canada, Denmark, Sweden and somewhat in Australia. Bean is a common name for large plant Seeds of several genera of the family Fabaceae (formerly Leguminosae used for human food or animal For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The State of Hawaii ( or həˈwaɪʔiː Hawaiian: Mokuāina o Hawaii) is a state in the United States located on an Archipelago in the The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics.

Chili mac

Main article: American Chop Suey

Chili mac (also known as American Chop Suey) is a dish made with canned chili, or roughly the same ingredients as chili (meat, spices, onion, tomato sauce, beans, and sometimes other vegetables), with the addition of macaroni or some other pasta. American Chop Suey (also American Goulash, Chili-Macaroni, Chili-Mac, Mac 'n Beef, Macaroni and Beef, or simply Macaroni thumb|right|200px|Macaroni thumb|right|200px|Macaroni and cheese Macaroni is a kind of moderately extended machine-made dry Pasta. Chili mac is a standard dish in the US military, and is one of the varieties of MRE.

Frito pie

A Frito pie typically consists of a small single-serving bag of Fritos corn chips, with a cup of chili poured over the top, usually finished up with grated cheese or onions and jalapeños and sour cream. A corn chip is a Snack food made from Cornmeal fried in oil or baked usually in the shape of a small noodle or scoop The jalapeño ( Nahuatl: xalapeño ( or /ˌhæləˈpeɪnjoʊ/ Castilian, Mexican) is a medium to large size Chili pepper ^[5]. Frito pies are popular in the Southwestern United States. The Southwestern area of the United States could be defined as the states west of the Mississippi River, with the qualification of a certain northern limit such as the 37

History

The exact origins of the Frito pie are unknown, though there are several stories as to its beginnings.

One of the stories says that the Frito pie originated with Frito-Lays founder Elmer Doolin's mother. For the chips synonymous with the company see Fritos and Lay's. It claims that Daisy Dean Doolin came up with the Frito pie sometime after creating the first Frito chip. For the company that produces Fritos see Frito-Lay. Fritos is the name of a brand of Corn chips made by Frito-Lay. Mentions of the Frito pie are nearly as old as the company itself, which was founded in 1932. ^{[6] [7]}

Another of the stories claims that the Frito pie originated in the 1960s with Teresa Hernandez, who worked at the F. W. Woolworth's lunch counter in Santa Fe, New Mexico. The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1960 to the end of 1969 The F W Woolworth Company (often referred to as Woolworth's) was a retail company that was one of the original American five-and-dime stores Santa Fe ( Navajo: Yootó is the Capital of the state of New Mexico. ^[7]

Chili stuffed spud

A large baked potato stuffed with chili and butter, and topped with shredded Cheddar cheese and chopped onions. A baked potato, also known as a jacket potato, is the edible result of Baking a Potato. Butter is a Dairy product made by churning fresh or fermented Cream or Milk. Cheddar cheese is a relatively hard pale yellow to off-white and sometimes sharp-tasting Cheese from the English village of Cheddar, in Somerset

Quotations and song

"Wish I had time for just one more bowl of chili. "

– Alleged last words of Kit Carson, frontiersman. Christopher Houston "Kit" Carson ( December 24, 1809 &ndash May 23, 1868) was an American Frontiersman A frontier is a Political and Geographical term referring to areas near or beyond a boundary, or of a different nature

"My feeling about chili is this: Along in November, when the first northern strikes, and the skies are gray, along about five o'clock in the afternoon, I get to thinking how good chili would taste for supper. It always lives up to expectations. In fact, you don't even mind the cold November winds. "

– Lady Bird Johnson, U. Claudia Alta "Lady Bird" Taylor Johnson (December 22 1912&ndashJuly 11 2007 was First Lady of the United States from 1963 to 1969 having been the wife of S. First Lady

"Next to jazz music, there is nothing that lifts the spirit and strengthens the soul more than a good bowl of chili. First Lady is a term used in the United States to describe the wife of an elected male Head of state. Congress should pass a law making it mandatory for all restaurants serving chili to follow a Texas recipe. "

– Harry James, trumpet player

"Put a pot of chili on the back of the stove to simmer. Harry James ( March 15, 1916 – July 5, 1983) was an American Musician and Band leader, and a well-known Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States Let it keep simmering. Meanwhile, broil a good sirloin steak. For the device used to cook see Grill (cooking, for other uses see Grill. Eat the steak. Let the chili continue to simmer. Then ignore it. "

– Allan Shivers, Governor of Texas. Robert Allan Shivers ( October 5, 1907 - January 14, 1985) was a Texas Politician who led the conservative Governors of Texas

The Real Group made a song, entitled "Chile con Carne", detailing the process of making the dish. The Real Group is a professional A cappella group from Sweden, consisting of five members Soprano Emma Nilsdotter, Alto

The country music duo Big & Rich refer to Skyline Chili, a type of Cincinnati chili, in the song Comin' to Your City. Big & Rich are an American Country music duo comprising two Singer-songwriters Big Kenny (aka Kenny Alphin former solo artist and lead singer for Skyline Chili is a chain of chili Restaurants based in Cincinnati, Ohio. Cincinnati chili (or "Cincinnati-style chili" is a regional style of chili characteristically served over Spaghetti or as a coney Sauce Comin' to Your City is the name of the second studio album by the Country music duo Big & Rich.

Apu from The Simpsons mentions "ancestor chili" as his favourite food.

Chili dogs are the favorite food of the popular video game character Sonic the Hedgehog in his Adventures of Sonic the Hedgehog TV series incarnation. trademarked Sonic The Hedgehog, is a Video game character and the Protagonist of the video game series released by Sega, as well as in numerous

A video game for the PSP titled Chili Con Carnage was released in 2007

Similar dishes

Dishes often described as similar to chili con carne include French cassoulet, Indian curry, Jewish cholent, Italian pasta fagioli, Serbian bean soups, Hungarian goulash, Portuguese "feijoada à transmontana" and Brazilian "feijoada". Chili Con Carnage is an action/adventure Third-person shooter Video game. Cassoulet (from Occitan caçolet) is a rich slow-cooked bean Stew or Casserole originating in the southwest of France, containing Curry is the English description of any of a general variety of spicy dishes best known in Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Sri Lankan Cholent ( Yiddish: טשאָלנט tsholnt or tshoolnt) or hamin ( Hebrew Pasta fagioli or Pasta e fagioli, meaning "pasta and beans" is a traditional meatless Italian Peasant dish that is now a frequent Menu Goulash is a dish originally from Hungary, usually made of Beef, red Onions vegetables spices and ground Paprika powder

Notes

References

• Frank X. Tolbert. Frank X Tolbert (1912-1984 was a Texas historian and newspaper columnist A Bowl of Red: A Natural History of Chili con Carne. Garden City, N. Y. : Doubleday, 1966. [Much of the material in this book originally appeared in the author's newspaper columns in The Dallas Morning News beginning in the early 1950s. The Dallas Morning News is the major daily Newspaper serving the Dallas, Texas ( USA) area with a circulation of around a half-million ]
• Charles Ramsdell. San Antonio: An Historical and Pictorial Guide. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1959.
• Joe E. Cooper. With or Without Beans. Dallas: W. S. Henson, 1952.
• H. Allen Smith. "Nobody Knows More About Chili Than I Do. " Reprinted at the International Chili Society web site.
• Jack Arnold. The Chili Lover's Handbook. Privately published, 1977.
• Robb Walsh. The Tex-Mex Cookbook: A History in Recipes and Photos. New York: Broadway Books, 2004. [A very knowledgeable and very well-written "food history", including a long chapter on "real" chili, chili joints, and the San Antonio chili queens. ]

External links

• Chili Recipes
• Chili Appreciation Society International
• International Chili Society
• The Chili Queens of San Antonio
• LBJ's Recipe
• Frito Pie Recipe from TexasCooking.com

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