Chişinău
Chişinău city hall
Flag Seal
Location of Chişinău in Moldova
Coordinates: 47°0′00″N 28°55′″E / <span class="geo-dec geo" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for 47 Expression error: Unexpected / operator">47, Expression error: Unexpected / operator
Country	Moldova
Founded	1436
Government
- Mayor	Dorin Chirtoacă, since 2007
Area
- City	120 km² (46. Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova ( Republica Moldova) is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, located between Romania Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova ( Republica Moldova) is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, located between Romania A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government Dorin Chirtoacă (born August 9 1978 in Chişinău is the vice-president of the Liberal Party of Moldova and the current mayor of Chişinău Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 3 sq mi)
- Urban	635 km² (245. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 2 sq mi)
Elevation	85 m (279 ft)
Population (2007)
- City	592,800
- Density	4,938/km² (12,789. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 4/sq mi)
- Urban	755,900
- Metro	911,400
Time zone	EET (UTC+2)
- Summer (DST)	EEST (UTC+3)
Postal code	MD-20xx
Area code(s)	+373 22
Website: www.chisinau.md

Chişinău (IPA: [ki.ʃi.'nəw]) (also known as Kishinev, Russian: Кишинёв, Kishinyov), is the capital city and industrial and commercial centre of Moldova. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central Eastern European Time ( EET) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time Daylight saving time ( DST Eastern European Summer Time ( EEST) is one of the names of UTC+3 Time zone, 3 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+3 is used in the following locations Moscow Time Eastern European Summer Time West Asian Summer Time A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova ( Republica Moldova) is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, located between Romania It is also the largest city of Moldova and is located in the centre of the country, on the river Bîc. Bîc ( Bâc or Byk) is a River in Moldova, a Right tributary of Dniester. Economically, the city is the most prosperous in Moldova and is one of the main industrial centres and transportation hubs of the region. As the most important city in Moldova, Chişinău has a broad range of educational facilities. Additionally, the city has among the highest proportion of green spaces of any major city in Europe.

Contents 1 Name 2 The municipality 3 Geography and climate 3.1 Geography 3.2 Climate 4 History 4.1 Industrial age 4.2 Pogrom and Pre-Revolution 4.3 First World War 4.4 Second World War 4.5 Soviet Union 5 Politics and administration 6 Economy 7 Transport 7.1 Airport 7.2 Bus and minibus 7.3 Rail 7.4 Taxi 8 Education 9 Architecture 9.1 Modern architecture 10 People and culture 10.1 Demographics 10.2 Sport 10.3 Media 10.4 Music and nightlife 11 Twin cities 12 Gallery 13 Notes 14 Further reading 15 External links 15.1 Maps

Name

According to some historians, the name comes from the old Romanian word chişla ("spring", "source of water"; the word is not used anymore, but was replaced by cişmea, which has the same meaning)^[1] and nouă ("new"), because it was built around a small spring. Nowadays, the spring is located at the corner of Pushkin Street and Albişoara Street.

There is another city named Chişineu (alternative spelling: Chişinău) in Western Romania, near the border with Hungary, but its relation to Chişinău is highly disputed. Chişineu-Criş is a town in Arad County, western Transylvania, Romania. Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic Its Hungarian language name is Kisjenő (kis "small" + the eponym "Jenő", the equivalent of the English "Eugene," pronounced yenə), from which the Romanian name originates. Hungarian ( magyar nyelv) is a Uralic language (more specifically a Ugric language) unrelated to most other languages in Europe.

Chişinău is also known in Russian as Кишинёв (Kishinyov), and in Polish as Kiszyniów. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Polish ( język polski, polszczyzna) is the Official language of Poland. It is written Kişinöv in the Latin Gagauz alphabet. The modern Gagauz alphabet, used for the Gagauz language, is a 32-letter Latin-based alphabet modelled on the Turkish alphabet. During 1940-1941 and 1944-1989, it was also written as Кишинэу in the Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet. The Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet is a Cyrillic alphabet derived from the Russian alphabet and developed for the Romanian / Moldovan language Historically, the English language name for the city was based on the modified Russian "Kishinev" since it entered the English language via Russian at the time Chişinău was part of the Russian Empire (e. The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya g. Kishinev pogrom). This article is part of the History of the Jews in Bessarabia. Therefore, it remains a common English name in some historical contexts. Otherwise, however, Romanian-based "Chişinău" has been steadily gaining wider currency, especially in the written language.

The municipality

Moldova is administratively subdivided in 32 districts, 2 autonomous units, and 3 municipalities. Sectorul Botanica is one of the five sectors in Chişinău, Moldova. Chişinău is one of the municipalities. ^[2] Besides the city itself, the municipality comprises 34 other suburban localities, and is subdivided into 5 sectors, each comprising a part of the city itself and several suburbs. ^[3] The municipality in its totality elects a mayor and a local council, which then name 5 pretors, one for each sector. The five sectors of Chişinău are:

• Botanica
• Buiucani
• Centru
• Ciocana
• Râşcani

As it can be noticed, only 18 of the 34 localities are incorporated (6 as cities and 12 as communes), electing a mayor and a local council, and they contain among them the remaining 16 localities. Sectorul Botanica is one of the five sectors in Chişinău, Moldova. Sectorul Buiucani is one of the five sectors in Chişinău, Moldova. Sectorul Centru is one of the five sectors in Chişinău, Moldova. Sectorul Ciocana is one of the five sectors in Chişinău, Moldova. Sectorul Râşcani is one of the five sectors in Chişinău, Moldova.

Geography and climate

Geography

The city is located on the river Bîc, a tributary of the Dniester, at 47°0′N, 28°55′E, with an area of 120 km². Bîc ( Bâc or Byk) is a River in Moldova, a Right tributary of Dniester. The Dniester (Дністер translit Dnister; Nistru is a river in Eastern Europe. The whole municipality claims 635 km². A municipality is an administrative entity composed of a clearly defined territory and its population and commonly denotes a City, Town, or Village, or

The city lies in the middle of the central area of Moldova.

Geographically convenient in the largely flat Eastern European country, the city is surrounded by a relatively level landscape with very fertile ground, offering the basis for agricultural use, in the cultivation of grapevine and fruit since medieval times.

Climate

Chişinău has a continental climate, characterized by hot dry summers and cold windy winters. Continental climate is a Climate that is characterized by Winter Temperatures cold enough to support a fixed period of Snow cover each Year Summer is one of the four Temperate Seasons Summer marks the warmest time of year with the longest days Winter is one of the four Seasons of Temperate zones Calculated astronomically, it begins on the Solstice and ends on the Equinox Winter temperatures are often below 0°C, although they rarely drop below -10°C. In summer, the average temperature is approximately 25°C, however, temperatures sometimes reach 35-40°C in mid-summer in the city center. Although average precipitation and humidity during summer is low, there are infrequent yet heavy storms. In Meteorology, precipitation (also known as one class of hydrometeors, which are atmospheric water phenomena is any product of the condensation of atmospheric Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air In daily language the term "humidity" is normally taken to mean Relative humidity. Spring and autumn temperatures vary between 16-24°C, and precipitation during this time tends to be higher than in summer, with more frequent yet milder periods of rain.

History

Founded in 1436 as a monastery town, the city was part of the Moldavian Principality, which, starting with the 16th century fell under the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire. This article concerns the buildings occupied by monastics. For the life inside monasteries and its historical roots see Monasticism. Moldavia (Moldova is a geographic and historical region and former Principality in Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between Eastern Carpathians Suzerainty (ˈsjuːzərənti RP or /ˈsjuːzəreɪnti/ RP) (/ˈsuːzərənti/ GA) is a situation in which a Region or people is a The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish At the beginning of the 19th century it was a small town of 7,000 inhabitants. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar In 1812 it was came under Russian imperial administration, which made it the capital of the newly annexed gubernia of Bessarabia. Year 1812 ( MDCCCXII) a leap year started on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya Guberniya (губе́рния) (also gubernia, guberniia, gubernya) was a major administrative subdivision of Imperial Russia, usually Bessarabia ( Basarabia in Romanian, Бесарабія in Ukrainian, Бессарабия in Russian, Бесарабия in Bulgarian Its population had grown to 92,000 by 1862 and to 125,787 by 1900. Year 1862 was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Monday Year 1900 ( MCM) was an exceptional Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar

Industrial age

From 1834 an imperial townscape, with broad and long roads, emerged as a result of a generous town development plan, which divided the city roughly into two areas. Year 1834 ( MDCCCXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common The old part of the town - with its irregular building structures - and a newer City Center and station. Between 26 May 1830 and 13 October 1836 the architect Avraam Melnikov established the 'Catedrala Naşterea Domnului' (an Orthodox Cathedral) with a magnificent bell tower. In 1840 the building of the Triumphal Arch, planned by the architect, Luca Zauşkevici, was completed. A triumphal arch is a structure in the shape of a monumental Archway, in theory built to celebrate a victory in war actually used to celebrate a ruler Following this the construction of numerous further buildings and landmarks began. The town also played an important part in the war between Russia and Turkey (1877–78), as the chief center of the Russian invasion. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 had its origins in a rise in nationalism in the Balkans as well as in the Russian goal of recovering territorial losses it had suffered Year 1877 ( MDCCCLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1878 ( MDCCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

Pogrom and Pre-Revolution

In the late 19th century, especially due to growing anti-semitic sentiment in Russia and better economic conditions, many Jews chose to settle in Chişinău. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending By the year 1900 43% of the population of Chişinău was Jewish - one of the highest numbers in Europe. Year 1900 ( MCM) was an exceptional Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar PLEASE TAKE NOTE************

However, during 6 - 7 April 1903^[4] a large anti-Semitic riot took place, which would later be known as the Kishinev pogrom. Year 1903 ( MCMIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting Antisemitism (alternatively spelled anti-semitism or anti-Semitism; also rarely known as judeophobia) is the Prejudice against or hostility This article is part of the History of the Jews in Bessarabia. The events spanned three days of rioting, with 47-49 Jews killed, 92 severely wounded, and 500 suffering minor injuries. In addition several hundred houses and many businesses were plundered and destroyed. The pogroms are largely believed to have been incited by anti-Jewish propaganda in the only official newspaper of the time, 'Bessarabetz' (Бессарабецъ). A newspaper is a written Publication containing News, information and Advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper called Newsprint. The reactions to this incident included a petition to Tsar Nicholas II of Russia on behalf of the American people by the US President Theodore Roosevelt in July 1905. Tsar csar and tzar redirect here For other uses see Tsar (disambiguation. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the President is a Title leaders of Organizations companies, Trade unions universities, and countries. Theodore Roosevelt (ˈroʊzəvɛlt October 27 1858 January 6 1919 also known as T

On 22 August 1905 another bloody event occurred, whereby the police opened fire on an estimated 3,000 demonstrating agricultural workers. Only a few months later, 19 - 20 October 1905, a further protest occurred^[4], helping to force the hand of Nicholas II in bringing about the October Manifesto. The October Manifesto (Октябрьский Манифест Манифест 17 октября was issued on October 17 1905 ( October 30 in the However, these demonstrations suddenly turned into an attack on Jews wherever they could be found, resulting in 19 deaths.

First World War

Following the Russian October Revolution the country declared independence from the fallen empire, before joining the Kingdom of Romania. The October Revolution (Октябрьская революция Oktyabrskaya revolyutsiya) also known as the Soviet Revolution Independence is the Self-government of a Nation, Country, or State by its residents and population or some portion thereof generally exercising See also Kings of Romania The Kingdom of Roumania (or ' Romania ' in post-1969 and also current spelling was the old Romanian state based on a form of During this period, Chişinău was in the background, being regarded as no more than a large provincial city. Only with the advent of modern technology and industrialization, it slowly rose into prominence.

Between 1918 and 1940 the center of the city undertook large renovation work. Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Renovation is the process of improving a structure Two prominent types of renovations are commercial and residential In 1927 a monument to the famous prince Stephen III of Moldavia, by the sculptor Alexandru Plămădeală was erected. Stephen III of Moldavia or Stephen III (c 1433 - July 2, 1504) also known as Stephen the Great ( Romanian: Ştefan Alexandru Plamădeală (1888&ndash1940 was a Moldovan sculptor

Second World War

In the chaos of the Second World War Chişinău was nearly completely destroyed. The Red Army ( Russian: Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия R aboche- K rest'yanskaya K rasnaya A rmiya World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including This began with the Soviet occupation led by the Red Army on 28 June 1940. A soviet (сове́т, "council" originally was a workers' local council in late Imperial Russia. The Red Army ( Russian: Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия R aboche- K rest'yanskaya K rasnaya A rmiya As the city began to recover from the takeover, a devastating earthquake occurred on 10 November 1940. The epicenter of the quake, which measured 7. The epicenter or epicentre is the point on the Earth 's surface that is directly above the Hypocenter or focus the point where an Earthquake 3 on the Richter scale, was in eastern Romania and subsequently led to substantial destruction in the city. The Richter magnitude scale, or more correctly local magnitude M L scale assigns a single number to quantify the amount of seismic energy released Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania

After scarcely one year, the assault on the newly created Moldovan SSR by the German and Romanian armies began. The Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic ( Moldovan: Република Советикэ Сочиалистэ Молдовеняскэ or Republica Sovietică Socialistă Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Beginning with July 1941 the city suffered from large-scale shooting and heavy bombardments by Nazi air raids. Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Red Army resistance held until Chişinău finally fell on 17 July 1941.

Following the occupation, the city suffered from the characteristic mass murder of predominantly Jewish inhabitants. As had been seen elsewhere in Europe, the Jews were transported on trucks to the outskirts of the city and then shot in partially dug pits. The number of Jews murdered during the occupation of the city is estimated at approximately 10,000 people. ^[5]

As the war drew to a conclusion, the city was once more pulled into heavy fighting as German troops retreated. Chişinău was taken by the Red Army on 24 August 1944 as a result of the Jassy-Kishinev Operation. By this point the city had lost about 70% of its buildings - the earthquake of 1940 and the air raids contributing to the largest part of this.

After the war, Bessarabia was fully integrated into the Soviet Union. Most of Bessarabia became the Moldavian SSR with Chişinău as its capital; smaller parts of Bessarabia became parts of the Ukrainian SSR. The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic or the Ukrainian SSR was one of the 15 constituent republics that made up the Former Soviet Union from its

Soviet Union

In the years 1947 to 1949 the architect Alexey Shchusev developed a plan with the aid of a team of architects for the gradual reconstruction of the city. Alexey Viktorovich Shchusev (Алексе́й Ви́кторович Щу́сев September 26, 1873, Kishinev &mdash May 24, 1949

The beginning of the 1950s saw a rapid population growth, to which the Soviet administration responded by constructing large-scale housing and palaces in the style of Stalinist architecture. Stalinist architecture (also referred to as Stalin 's Empire style Stalinist Gothic, or Socialist Classicism This process continued under Nikita Khrushchev, who called for construction under the slogan "good, cheaper and built faster". Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (April 17 1894 – September 11 1971 served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964 following The new architectural style brought about dramatic change and generated the style that dominates today, with large blocks of flats arranged in considerable settlements.

The period of the most significant development of the city was from 1971, when the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union has adopted a decision "On the measures for further development of the city of Kishinev", which secured more than one billion rubles of investments from the state budget, until 1991, when Moldova gained independence. The ruble or rouble (рубль see below for other Soviet languages) was the currency of the Soviet Union. Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova ( Republica Moldova) is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, located between Romania

Many streets of Chişinău are named after historic persons, places or events. Chişinău is the capital of the European country of Moldova. The independence from the Soviet Union was followed by a large-scale renaming of streets and localities from a Communist thematic into a national one.

Politics and administration

Chişinău is governed by the City Council and the City Mayor (Romanian: Primar), both elected once every four years. Romanian or Daco-Romanian ( dated: Rumanian or Roumanian; self designation limba română, ˈlimba roˈmɨnə is a Romance The current mayor is Dorin Chirtoacă. A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government Dorin Chirtoacă (born August 9 1978 in Chişinău is the vice-president of the Liberal Party of Moldova and the current mayor of Chişinău His predecessor was Serafim Urechean. Under the Moldovan constitution, Urechean - elected to parliament in 2005 - was prevented from holding an additional post to that of an MP. The Democratic Moldova Bloc leader subsequently accepted his mandate and in April resigned from his former position. The Electoral Bloc Democratic Moldova ( Blocul Electoral Moldova Democrată) was an electoral alliance in Moldova, led by Serafim Urechean During his 11 year term, Urechean committed himself to the restoration of the church tower of the Catedrala Naşterea Domnului, as well as improvements in public transport. From 1994, Chişinău saw the construction and launch of new trolleybus lines, as well as an increase in capacities of existing lines, in order to better connect the urban districts.

Between 23 May and 10 June 2005, the Central Election Commission received the applications of possible candidates for the office of mayor. The Central Election Commission ( CEC) is the name of an organization in a number of countries which is in charge of affairs related to national and local Elections The elections took place on 10 July, 24 July, 27 November and 11 December 2005. On the first occasion only 26. 93% of voters participated, below the one-third turnout necessary to validate the poll. Three subsequent attempts in July, November and December saw the election turnout fall further to 19. 82%, 22. 37% and 22. 07% respectively. After several months in limbo it was announced that the momentary office holder Vasile Ursu, could continue to hold the position, until the next scheduled elections in 2007. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.

The last elections took place on 3 June 2007. Two candidates emerged from the first round - Viaceslav Iordan from the Moldovan Communist party and Dorin Chirtoacă from the Liberal party. The second round of the voting on 17 June 2007 saw the victory of Mr. Chirtoacă. 36,26 % of the voters took part in the voting, just over the validation threshold.

The first mayor of Chişinău was Angel Nour in 1817. Year 1817 ( MDCCCXVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common In 1941 the office was abolished. After the Soviet era and the re-establishment of the office in 1990 Nicolae Costin became the first democratically elected mayor.

Economy

Chişinău is the most economically-developed and industrialized city in Moldova. is a process of social and economic change whereby a human group is transformed from a Pre-industrial society into an industrial one Chişinău is a major industrial and services center; its main industries include consumer and electrical goods, building materials, machinery, plastics, rubber, and textiles. Plastic is the general common term for a wide range of synthetic or semisynthetic organic solid materials suitable for the manufacture of industrial products A textile is a flexible material comprised of a network of natural or artificial Fibres often referred to as thread or Yarn. The main service fields are banking and shopping/commerce. In Moldova 's capital city of Chişinău, there are 16 Banks They are National Bank of Moldova (State central bank Chişinău's economy is mainly centred on industry and services, with services particularly growing in importance in the last ten years. For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious"

Transport

Airport

The Chişinău International Airport offers connections to a number of major cities, including Athens, Bucharest, Frankfurt, Istanbul, Kiev, Lisbon, London, Milan, Moscow, Paris, Riga, Rome, Vienna and other. Chişinău International Airport is a main international airport in Moldova, located near the capital city of Chişinău. Chişinău International Airport is a main international airport in Moldova, located near the capital city of Chişinău. Athens (ˈæθənz Αθήνα Athina,) the Capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery as one of the world's Bucharest ( Romanian: Bucureşti) is the Capital city, industrial and commercial centre of Romania. Istanbul (historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see the other Names of Istanbul) is the largest city of Turkey Kiev, also known as Kyiv ( Ukrainian:, Kyiv, ˈkɪjiw Russian:, Kiyev; see also Cities' alternative names) is the Lisbon (Lisboa liʒˈboɐ is the Capital and largest city of Portugal. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Milan (Milano Milan (listen) is one of the largest cities in Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy. Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Riga (Rīga riːga) the Capital of Latvia, is situated on the Baltic Sea coast on the mouth of the river Daugava. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. The airport handled 689. 000 passengers in 2007. It has a 3 km long runway (8 and 26).

Bus and minibus

The most popular form of internal transport in Moldova is generally the bus. Transport or transportation is the movement of people and goods from one place to another Bus service in Chişinău can be very inexpensive, ranging from 1 leu to 3 lei. Although the city has just three main terminals, buses generally serve as the means of transport between different cities within and outside of Moldova. Popular destinations include Tiraspol, Odessa (Ukraine) and Bucharest (Romania). Tiraspol (ti'raspol Russian and Ukrainian: Тирáсполь Moldavian Cyrillic: Тираспол is the second largest city in Moldova ODESSA which stands for the German phrase O rganisation d er e hemaligen SS - A ngehörigen which in turn translates Bucharest ( Romanian: Bucureşti) is the Capital city, industrial and commercial centre of Romania.

Within Chişinău and its suburbs privately-operated minibuses, known as "maxi-taxis," generally follow the major bus routes and appear more frequently. A ride in a maxi-taxi costs 3 Lei within the city.

Rail

An international railway terminal exists with possible connections to Bucharest, Kiev, Minsk, Odessa and Moscow. Bucharest ( Romanian: Bucureşti) is the Capital city, industrial and commercial centre of Romania. Kiev, also known as Kyiv ( Ukrainian:, Kyiv, ˈkɪjiw Russian:, Kiyev; see also Cities' alternative names) is the Minsk (Мінск mʲinsk Минск mʲinsk is the Capital and largest city in Belarus, situated on the Svislach and Niamiha rivers ODESSA which stands for the German phrase O rganisation d er e hemaligen SS - A ngehörigen which in turn translates Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of Due to the conflict between Moldova and the unrecognized Transnistria republic the rail traffic towards Ukraine is occasionally stopped.

Taxi

Taxis are very widespread in the city. Most taxis are operated by a group of companies, although there are always "illegal" or owner/operators who skirt the law by operating within the city-limits without a permit. Many of the taxi companies have a 4-digit service hotline starting with 14-XX, e. g. 1400, 1402, 1406, 1407, 1408, . . . 1422, . . . 1441, 1447, 1499. Other useful (local) short numbers: 901 - Fire Emergency Service, 902 - Police, 903 - Ambulance, 904 - Gas Emergency Service.

Education

The city is home to 12 public and 11 private universities, to the Academy of Sciences of Moldova, as well as to a number of institutions offering both high-school education, as well as 1-2 years of college education. A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects The Academy of Sciences of Moldova ( Romanian Academia de Ştiinţe a Moldovei) established in 1946 is the main scientific organization of the Republic of Moldova

Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, the city has become a relatively lively and well-provisioned capital, with a much higher standard of living than most rural areas. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991

See also: List of public schools in Chişinău

Architecture

In the XIX-th century the plan of growth of the city was developed. This is a list of public high schools (lyceums that include grades 9 through 12 in Chişinău, Moldova. Many buildings were designed and built in a beautiful architectural frame, a lot of which embellish the city till nowadays. In 1836 the construction of the Cathedral and Belfry was finished.

During soviet time, the Belfry was demolished and only after regaining the independence, following the initiative of renowned people, the Municipality of Chisinau and thousands of citizens, the Belfry was rebuilt and the Cathedral was renovated.

Modern architecture

Actually, a lot of modern styled buildings are built in the city. As usual there is the living blocks. There are also a lot of office and shopping modern renovated or new built complexes. These are Kentford, SkyTower, Union Fenosa headquarter, etc. Unión Fenosa SA, ( is a large Spanish company dedicated to the production and distribution to end users of gas and electricity

People and culture

Demographics

Total population: 647,513^[6]

The census held in 2004 reported the following ethnic composition:^[7]

• 67. The term Orthodox Christianity may refer to The Eastern Orthodox Church: the Eastern Christian churches of Byzantine "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " 6% Moldovans*
• 13. Moldovans, or Moldavians (original name Moldoveni; Молдовень in the Moldovan Cyrillic script, used nowadays only in Transnistria 9% Russians
•   8. The Russian people (Русские— Russkie) are an East Slavic Ethnic group, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries 3% Ukrainians
•   4. Ukrainians (Українці Ukrayintsi,) are an East Slavic Ethnic group primarily living in Ukraine, or more broadly— Citizens 5% Romanians*
•   1. The Romanians (dated Rumanians or Roumanians; Romanian: români or historically and today rather seldom and only regional rumâni 2% Bulgarians
•   0. The Bulgarians (българи balgari) are a South Slavic people generally associated with the Republic of Bulgaria and the Bulgarian language 9% Gagauzians
•   1. The Gagauz is predominantly Eastern Orthodox Turkic ethnic group in southern Moldova ( Gagauzia) and southwestern Ukraine ( 6% others
•   1. 9% undeclared

*Official census data showed 67. 6% Moldovans and 4. 5% Romanians; however, due to the contested status of the Moldovan ethnicity and OSCE objections over procedure, organizations such as the CIA World Factbook present them together. The World Factbook ( ISSN; also known as the CIA World Factbook) is an annual publication of the Central Intelligence Agency of the A group of international census experts described^[8] the 2004 Moldovan census as "generally conducted in a professional manner", while remarking that that "a few topics… were potentially more problematic", in particular, that the census includes at least some Moldovans who had been living abroad over one year at the time of the census and that the precision of numbers about nationality/ethnicity and language was questioned. Some enumerators apparently encouraged respondents to declare that they were "Moldovan" rather than "Romanian", and even within a single family there may have been confusion about these terms. Also it is unclear how many respondents consider the term "Moldovan" to signify an ethnic identity other than "Romanian".

Sport

There are four professional football clubs in Chişinău, all playing in the Divizia Naţională (national league): FC Zimbru Chişinău, FC Dacia Chişinău, FC Politehnica Chişinău and CSCA-Steaua Chişinău, ranked respectively 4th, 5th, 7th and 8th tn the 2004/5 season. FC Zimbru Chişinău is a Moldovan football club based in Chişinău. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered National Division 2007-08 Clubs FC CSCA Chişinău FC Dacia Chişinău FC Dinamo Bender FC Iskra-Stali FC Zimbru Chişinău is a Moldovan football club based in Chişinău. FC Dacia Chişinău is a Moldovan football club that plays at the Stadionul Republican in the capital Chişinău. FC Politehnica Chişinău is a Moldovan football club based in Chişinău. Of the larger football stadiums in the city, the Stadionul Republican (Republican Stadium) has 7687 seats^[9] and the Stadionul Dinamo (Dinamo Stadium) has a capacity of 2,692. The Zimbru stadium, opened in May 2006 with a capacity of 10,500 siting places, meets all the requirements for holding official international matches. Zimbru Stadium is a multi-use Stadium in Chişinău, Moldova built in May 2006 with a capacity of 10500 people corresponds to all norms required Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The Republican Stadium has been designated as the venue for Moldova's Euro 2008 for the qualifying matches. The Moldova national football team is the national football team of Moldova under the auspice of the Football Association of Moldova. The 2008 UEFA European Football Championship, commonly referred to as Euro 2008, was the 13th UEFA European Football Championship, a quadrennial football

Media

The majority of Moldova's media industry is based in Chişinău. The only national broadcaster in the country is the state-owned Moldova 1, which has its head office in the city. Moldova 1 is the first Moldovan Television channel operated by the national public broadcaster TeleRadio-Moldova. The broadcasts of TeleradioMoldova have been criticized by the Independent Journalism Center as showing 'bias' towards the authorities^[10]. There are some hopes that a new broadcasting code will resolve some of these issues.

The Romanian Pro TV Chişinău also broadcasts locally - was repeatedly thwarted in its attempts to obtain a national license by the government. Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Pro TV, reaching around 82% of households in Romania, operates under the PRO TV SA license owned by Central European Media Enterprises managed by the businessman The station broadcasts a mixture of independent local news, in addition to entertainment and documentary programs from Romania. Pro TV remains on air despite numerous threats^[11] from Communist officials to close it down. Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based

Other TV channels are Antena C, CTC, DTV, Euro TV, MTV, MuzTV, NIT and TV 7. DTV is a television station in Moldova. MTV ( Music Television) is an American Cable television network based in New York City. In addition to television, most radio and newspaper companies have their HQ's in the city. Radio is the transmission of signals by Modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below those of visible Light. Broadcasters include the national radio, Antena C, BBC Moldova, Europa Libera, Kiss FM, Pro FM, Radio 21, Fresh FM (Romanian radio station Naţional FM), Radio Nova, Russkoe radio, Hit FM, and many of others.

Music and nightlife

Chişinău is home to Moldova's largest recording labels, and is often the residence of Moldovan, and more recently Ukrainian, musicians. Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. The city's music scene is quite eclectic. Eclecticism is used to describe the combination in a single work of elements from different historical styles Many Moldovan rock bands of the 1970s and 1980s continue to be popular, particularly with the middle-aged, while since the 1990s there has been growth in the boy band and hip hop genres. Hip hop music, also referred to as rap music, is a Music genre typically consisting of a rhythmic vocal style called rap which is accompanied with A famous band, Lăutarii, was established and also operates successfully in Chişinău. There is also a renowned dance group, Codreanca, which participates and wins prizes in international festivals.

Twin cities

• Bucharest, Romania
• Iaşi, Romania
• Sacramento, California, USA (designated by Sister Cities International, Inc. (SCI))
• Grenoble, France
• Mannheim, Germany
• Kiev, Ukraine
• Akhisar, Turkey
• Odessa, Ukraine
• Tel Aviv, Israel
• Reggio Emilia, Italy
• Patras, Greece
• Kraków, Poland
• Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
• Yerevan, Armenia
• Ankara, Turkey

Gallery

Chişinău City Center	Sala Cu Orgă	Winter in Chişinău	City Center
Monument to Saint Stephen the Great of Moldova	"Gates of the city", Chişinău, Moldova	Ştefan cel Mare Central Park	Piaţa Centrală

Notes

Further reading

• Hamm, Michael F. (March 1998). "Kishinev: The character and development of a Tsarist Frontier Town". Nationalities Papers 26 (1): 19-37.  

External links

• Official site of Chişinău (primarily in Romanian, some information in English and Russian)
• Chişinău Online (Chisinau Live Webcam, some information in English, Romanian and Russian)
• Old (1995) Chişinău Photo-Gallery - a lot of artistic photos
• Chişinău telephone directory (primarily in Russian, some minimal content in English, French, German)
• Jewish community of Chişinău

• Chişinău travel guide from Wikitravel

Maps

• Interactive Map of Chişinău (en, ro, ru)
• Map of Chişinău

• Chişinău is at coordinates 47°00′39″N 28°52′07″E / 47.0107, 28.8687 (Chişinău)Coordinates: 47°00′39″N 28°52′07″E / 47.0107, 28.8687 (Chişinău)

Wikitravel is a Web -based project "to create a free, complete up-to-date and reliable worldwide travel guide. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system.

---

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic