Chewing gum is a type of confectionery traditionally made of chicle, a natural latex product, or rubber. Confectionery is a set of Food items that are rich in Sugar; modern usage may include substances rich in artificial sweeteners as well Chicle is the Natural gum from Manilkara chicle, which is a tropical evergreen tree native to Central America. LaTeX (ˈleɪtɛ
Chewing gum has traditionally been made from chicle, but for reasons of economy and quality many modern chewing gums use rubber instead of chicle. Chicle is the Natural gum from Manilkara chicle, which is a tropical evergreen tree native to Central America. Chicle is nonetheless still the base of choice for some regional markets, such as in Japan. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Chewing gum is a combination of a water-insoluble phase, known as gum base, and a water-soluble phase of sweeteners, flavouring and sometimes food colouring. Gum base is the non-nutritive non-digestible water-insoluble masticatory delivery system used to carry Sweeteners, Flavors and any other desired substances in Alternate meanings Seasoning (cast iron; Seasoning (wood; Seasoning (slave Seasoning is the process of imparting or improving A food coloring is any substance that is added to Food or Drink to change its Color.
Contents |
Manufacture
The approximate manufacturing methods are fairly constant between brands. The gum base is melted at a temperature of about 115 °C (240 °F), until it has the viscosity of thick maple syrup, then filtered through a fine mesh screen. Gum base is the non-nutritive non-digestible water-insoluble masticatory delivery system used to carry Sweeteners, Flavors and any other desired substances in Viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a Fluid which is being deformed by either Shear stress or Extensional stress. Maple syrup is a sweetener made from the sap of Maple trees In Canada and the United States it is most often eaten with waffles and pancakes Then it is further refined by separating dissolved particles in a centrifuge, and further filtered. A centrifuge is a piece of equipment generally driven by a motor that puts an object in Rotation around a fixed axis, applying a force perpendicular to the axis Clear base, still hot and melted, is then put into mixing vats. Other ingredients that may be added include: powdered sugar (the amount and grain size of which determines the brittleness of the resulting gum), corn syrup and/or glucose (which serve as humectants and coat the sugar particles to stabilize their suspension and keep the gum flexible), various softeners, food colourings, flavourings, preservatives and other additives. Powdered sugar, also known as confectioner's sugar or icing sugar, is a very finely ground form of Sugar. Corn syrup is a Syrup, made using Cornstarch as a feedstock and composed mainly of Glucose. Glucose (Glc a Monosaccharide (or simple Sugar) also known as grape sugar, is an important Carbohydrate in Biology. A humectant is a Hygroscopic substance. It is often a molecule with several Hydrophilic groups most often Hydroxyl groups but Amines In Chemistry, A suspension is a Heterogenous fluid containing Solid particles that are sufficiently large for Sedimentation. A food coloring is any substance that is added to Food or Drink to change its Color. Alternate meanings Seasoning (cast iron; Seasoning (wood; Seasoning (slave Seasoning is the process of imparting or improving A preservative is a natural or synthetic chemical that is added to products such as foods pharmaceuticals paints biological samples wood etc Food additives are substances added to food to preserve flavour or improve its taste and appearance
The homogenized mixture is then poured onto cooling belts and cooled with cold air. Extrusion, optional rolling and cutting, and other mechanical shaping operations follow. Extrusion is a process used to create objects of a fixed cross-sectional profile The chunks of gum are then put aside to set for 24 to 48 hours.
Coated chewing gums then undergo other operations. The chunks are wrapped with optional undercoating for better binding with outer layers then are immersed into liquid sugar. Sugar is a class of edible Crystalline substances mainly Sucrose, Lactose, and Fructose. The pellets are then coloured and coated with a suitable glazing agent, usually a wax. Glazing agents, or polishing agents, are Food additives providing shiny appearance or protective coating to foods The coating/glazing/colour on gum is most often derived from animal-based sources such as resinous glaze derived from an insect or beeswax. Always contact the manufacturer of the gum to clarify the ingredients including the coating/glazing/colour sources.
While gum was historically sweetened with cane sugar, xylitol, corn syrup or other natural sweeteners, a large number of brands now use artificial sweeteners such as aspartame, sucralose, or Acesulfame potassium. Xylitol (from Greek ξύλον - xyl, "wood" + suffix - itol, used to denote sugar alcohols is an Organic compound with the formula (CHOH3(CH2OH2 Aspartame (or APM) (ˈæspɚteɪm or /əˈspɑrteɪm/ is the name for an artificial non- Saccharide Sweetener, aspartyl-phenylalanine-1-methyl Sucralose is an artificial sweetener originally sold under the trade name Splenda, and now also supplied as SucraPlus. Acesulfame potassium is a Calorie -free Artificial sweetener, also known as Acesulfame K or Ace K ( K being the symbol for Non-coated varieties of gum are often covered in sweetened marble dust to prevent the wrapper from sticking to the product.
Regulation as nuisance
Some cities consider the issue of wads of chewed gum on sidewalks and other public surfaces to be a serious nuisance. Singapore has tried to completely forbid gum, with heavy fines of over $6,000 for possession or use. Singapore The UK faces heavy costs to clean gum deposits in urban areas. also it is known for whole streets covered in gum and has become a major eyesore in many places[2] Attempts to get the commerical product reformulated to reduce the nuisance by making it less adhesive or degrade more rapidly have not been successful.
Use in military
The United States military have regularly supplied soldiers with chewing gum since World War I because it helped both to improve the soldiers' concentration and to relieve stress. In 1935, an estimated 12,000 lbs was chewed in one month. Recent studies show chewing gum can also improve one's mood. As of 2005, the U. S. military is sponsoring development of a chewing gum formulation with an antibacterial agent that could replace conventional oral hygiene methods in the battlefield. Antiseptics (from Greek αντί - anti, '"against" + σηπτικός - septikos, "putrefactive" are antimicrobial Oral hygiene is the practice of keeping the Mouth and Teeth clean in order to prevent dental problems and bad breath. This product will not be used in the field for a while. [1]
Recently the U. S. armed forces have been providing troops with caffeinated gum to keep soldiers alert for extended periods of time without experiencing fatigue or drowsiness. Each stick of gum has approximately 100 mg of caffeine in it, about the same amount in an average cup of coffee. Caffeine is a bitter white crystalline Xanthine Alkaloid that acts as a Psychoactive Stimulant Drug and a mild Diuretic CoFFEE is an Open source Software for computer supported collaborative learning (CSCL in a digital classroom [2] Although chewing gum is provided in the U. S. military MRE's, it is often strongly discouraged for a troop to be seen chewing gum while standing in "formation".
Gum is included in Canadian Forces Individual Meal Packs as an aid to oral hygiene. The Canadian Forces (CF ( French: Forces canadiennes) are the unified Armed forces of Canada, governed by the National Defence The Individual Meal Pack or IMP is one type of Field ration used by the Canadian Forces.
Recaldent chewing gum was introduced into New Zealand Defence Force ration packs May 2007 by New Zealand Defense Dental Services to aid oral health care for service personnel in the field. Recaldent is a product that is claimed to strengthen teeth by increasing remineralisation and protect against decay ( Dental caries) The New Zealand Defence Force consists of three services the New Zealand Army; the Royal New Zealand Navy; and the Royal New Zealand Air Force Research has shown that Recaldent gum aids remineralization to fight early tooth decay. In Biogeochemistry, remineralisation refers to the transformation of Organic molecules to Inorganic forms typically mediated by biological activity Chewing gum also aids in relief of stress. [3]
Possible health risk
As mentioned above, various health benefits have been demonstrated for chewing gum, but concern has arisen about the possible carcinogenicity of the vinyl acetate (acetic acid ethenyl ester) used by some manufacturers in their gum bases. The term carcinogen refers to any substance Radionuclide or radiation that is an agent directly involved in the promotion of Cancer or in the fatation of its propagation Gum base is the non-nutritive non-digestible water-insoluble masticatory delivery system used to carry Sweeteners, Flavors and any other desired substances in The Canadian government has classified the ingredient as a "potentially high hazard substance. "[3] Currently the ingredient can be hidden in the catch-all term "gum base".
See also
- Bubblegum
- Functional gum
- Gum base
- Gum industry
- List of chewing gum brands
- Artificial sweeteners
- Sodablasting
References
External links
Bubblegum (or Bubble Gum) is a type of Chewing gum especially designed for blowing bubbles. Functional gum is the name given to types of Chewing gum which impart some practical function instead of or in addition to the usual enjoyment provided by a traditional Gum base is the non-nutritive non-digestible water-insoluble masticatory delivery system used to carry Sweeteners, Flavors and any other desired substances in Two multi-national companies Wrigley and Cadbury, together account for some 60% market share of the world-wide chewing gum market " Aidin " - Dadash Baradar, Iran " Airwaves " (2000 - Wrigley, USA " Bazooka " Sodablasting is a process where Sodium bicarbonate is applied against a surface using Compressed air.Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic