In chemistry, chemical synthesis is purposeful execution of chemical reactions in order to get a product, or several products. Chemistry (from Egyptian kēme (chem meaning "earth") is the Science concerned with the composition structure and properties A chemical reaction is a process that always results in the interconversion of Chemical substances The substance or substances initially involved in a chemical reaction are called A product is a substance that forms as a result of a Biological - or Chemical reaction. This happens by physical and chemical manipulations usually involving one or more reactions. Physics (Greek Physis - φύσις in everyday terms is the Science of Matter and its motion. In modern laboratory usage, this tends to imply that the process is reproducible, reliable, and established to work in multiple laboratories. A laboratory (informally lab) is a facility that provides controlled conditions in which scientific Research, Experiments and

A chemical synthesis begins by selection of compounds that are known as reagents or reactants. A chemical compound is a substance consisting of two or more different elements chemically bonded together in a fixed proportion by Mass. A reagent or reactant is a substance or compound consumed during a Chemical reaction. A reagent or reactant is a substance or compound consumed during a Chemical reaction. Various reaction types can be applied to these to synthesize the product, or an intermediate product. This page aims to list well-known reactions and Reagents in Organic chemistry. This requires mixing the compounds in a reaction vessel such as a chemical reactor or a simple round-bottom flask. In Chemical engineering, chemical reactors are vessels designed to contain Chemical reactions The design of a chemical reactor deals with multiple aspects of Round-bottom flasks (also called round-bottomed flasks and Erlenmeyer Bulbs) are types of Flasks having spherical bottoms used as Laboratory glassware Many reactions require some form of work-up procedure before the final product is isolated ^[1]. In Chemistry, work-up refers to the series of manipulations required to isolate and purify the product(s of a Chemical reaction. The amount of product in a chemical synthesis is the reaction yield. In Chemistry, yield, also referred to as chemical yield and reaction yield, is the amount of product obtained in a Chemical reaction Typically, chemical yields are expressed as a weight in grams or as a percentage of the total theoretical quantity of product that could be produced. In Chemistry, yield, also referred to as chemical yield and reaction yield, is the amount of product obtained in a Chemical reaction For other uses of the words gram or gramme see Gram (disambiguation. A side reaction is an unwanted chemical reaction taking place that diminishes the yield of the desired product.

The word synthesis in the present day meaning was first used by the chemist Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe. Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe ( September 27, 1818 &ndash November 25, 1884) was a German Chemist.

Contents 1 Strategies 2 Organic synthesis 3 Other meanings 4 See also 5 References

Strategies

Many strategies exist in chemical synthesis that go beyond converting reactant A to reaction product B. A reagent or reactant is a substance or compound consumed during a Chemical reaction. In cascade reactions multiple chemical transformations take place within a single reactant, in multi-component reactions up to 11 different reactants form a single reaction product and in a telescopic synthesis one reactant goes through multiple transformations without isolation of intermediates. A cascade reaction or tandem reaction or domino reaction is a consecutive series of Intramolecular Organic reactions which often proceed via highly In Chemistry, a multi-component reaction (or MCR) is a Chemical reaction where three or more compounds react to form a single product In Chemistry a one-pot synthesis is a strategy to improve the efficiency of a Chemical reaction whereby a Reactant is subjected to successive chemical reactions

Organic synthesis

Main article: Organic synthesis

Organic synthesis is a special branch of chemical synthesis dealing with the synthesis of organic compounds. Organic synthesis is a special branch of Chemical synthesis and is concerned with the construction of Organic compounds via Organic reactions Organic Organic synthesis is a special branch of Chemical synthesis and is concerned with the construction of Organic compounds via Organic reactions Organic An organic compound is any member of a large class of Chemical compounds whose Molecules contain Carbon. In the total synthesis of a complex product it may take multiple steps to synthesize the product of interest, and inordinate amounts of time. In principle a total synthesis is the complete Chemical synthesis of complex organic Molecules from simpler pieces usually without the aid of biological Skill in organic synthesis is prized among chemists and the synthesis of exceptionally valuable or difficult compounds has won chemists such as Robert Burns Woodward the Nobel Prize for Chemistry. Organic synthesis is a special branch of Chemical synthesis and is concerned with the construction of Organic compounds via Organic reactions Organic Robert Burns Woodward ( April 10 1917 &ndash July 8 1979) was an American organic chemist. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry (Nobelpriset i kemi is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of Chemistry. If a chemical synthesis starts from basic laboratory compounds and yields something new, it is a purely synthetic process. If it starts from a product isolated from plants or animals and then proceeds to a new compounds, the synthesis is described as a semisynthetic process. " Semisynthesis " or partial chemical synthesis is a type of Chemical synthesis that uses compounds isolated from Natural sources (e

Other meanings

The other meaning of chemical synthesis is narrow and restricted to a specific kind of chemical reaction, a direct combination reaction, in which two or more reactants combine to form a single product. A Combination Reaction or a Synthesis Reaction is a general category of a Chemical reaction (the term usually refers to an Inorganic chemical reaction) The general form of a direct combination reaction is:

A + B → AB

where A and B are elements or compounds, and AB is a compound consisting of A and B. A chemical element is a type of Atom that is distinguished by its Atomic number; that is by the number of Protons in its nucleus. A chemical compound is a substance consisting of two or more different elements chemically bonded together in a fixed proportion by Mass. Examples of combination reactions include:

2Na + Cl₂ → 2 NaCl (formation of table salt)

S + O₂ → SO₂ (formation of sulfur dioxide)

4 Fe + 3 O₂ → 2 Fe₂O₃ (iron rusting)

CO₂ + H₂O → H₂CO₃ (carbon dioxide dissolving and reacting with water to form carbonic acid)

4 special synthesis rules:

metal-oxide + H₂O → metal(OH)

non-metal-oxide + H₂O → oxi-acid

metal-chloride + O₂ → metal-chlorate

metal-oxide + CO₂ → metal(CO₃)

See also

• Chemical engineering
• Organic synthesis
• Total synthesis
• Peptide synthesis
• Methods in Organic Synthesis

References

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