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A chemical peel is a body treatment technique used to improve and smooth the texture of the facial skin using a chemical solution that causes the skin to blister and eventually peel off. A body treatment, spa treatment, or cosmetic treatment is non-medical procedure to help the health of the body The skin is the outer covering of living tissue of an animal (or plant The regenerated skin is usually smoother and less wrinkled than the old skin. Thus the term chemical peel is derived. Some types of chemical peels can be purchased and administered without a medical license, however people are advised to seek professional help from a plastic surgeon or dermatologist on a specific type of chemical peel before a procedure is performed. Plastic surgery is a medical specialty interested in the correction of form and function Dermatology (from Greek grc δέρμα derma, "skin" and grc -λογία -logia) is a branch of Medicine dealing with

Contents

Types

There are several types of chemical peels.

Alpha hydroxy acid peels

Alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) are naturally occurring organic carboxylic acids such as glycolic acid, a natural constituent of sugar cane juice and lactic acid, found in sour milk and tomato juice. α-hydroxy acids, or alpha hydroxy acids ( AHAs) are a class of chemical compounds that consist of a Carboxylic acid substituted with a hydroxy group Carboxylic acids are Organic acids characterized by the presence of a Carboxyl group, which has the formula -C(=OOH usually written -COOH or -CO2H Glycolic acid (or hydroxyacetic acid) is the smallest α-hydroxy acid (AHA Lactic acid ( IUPAC Systematic name: 2-hydroxypropanoic acid) also known as milk acid, is a Chemical compound that plays a role This is the mildest of the peel formulas and produces light peels for treatment of fine wrinkles, areas of dryness, uneven pigmentation and acne. Alpha hydroxy acids can also be mixed with a facial wash or cream in lesser concentrations as part of a daily skin-care regimen to improve the skin's texture.

AHA peels are used to:

AHA peels may:

Beta hydroxy acid peels

It is becoming common for the use of beta hydroxy acid (BHA) peels to be used instead of the stronger Alpha Hyroxy (AHA) peels due to BHA's ability to get deeper into the pore than AHA. Acne vulgaris (commonly called acne) is a Skin disease caused by changes in the Pilosebaceous units (skin structures consisting of a Hair follicle A beta hydroxy acid (BHA is an Organic compound which contains a Carboxylic acid Functional group and hydroxy functional group separated by Studies show that BHA peels control oil, acne as well as remove dead skin cells to a certain extent better than AHA's, due to AHA's only working on the surface of the skin.

Jessner's peel

Jessner's peel is a combination of salicylic and lactic acids, and resorcinol. It is thought to break intracellular bridges between keratinocytes.

Retinoic acid peel

Trichloroacetic acid peels

Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) is used as an intermediate to deep peeling agent in concentrations ranging from 20-50%. Trichloroacetic acid (also known as trichloroethanoic acid) is an analogue of Acetic acid in which the three Hydrogen atoms of the Methyl Depth of penetration is increased as concentration increases, with 50% TCA penetrating into the reticular dermis. The dermis is a layer of Skin beneath the epidermis that consists of Connective tissue, and cushions the body from stress and strain Concentrations higher than 35% are not recommended because of the high risk of scarring. Scars (also called cicatrices) are areas of fibrous tissue that replace normal Skin (or other tissue after injury

Trichloroacetic acid peels:

Trichloroacetic acid peels may:

Phenol peels

Phenol is the strongest of the chemical solutions and produces a deep skin peel. Phenol, is a toxic colourless Crystalline Solid with a sweet tarry odor commonly referred to as a "hospital smell" Recent studies suggest that phenol is most likely only the carrier for another active component in the solution, namely croton oil. Croton oil (Crotonis Oleum is an oil prepared from the seeds of Croton tiglium, a tree belonging to the natural order Euphorbiales and family Euphorbiaceae In fact, phenol alone produces only a light peel which is ineffective for restructuring the deeper dermal structures (such as wrinkles). The term Phenol/Croton oil peel has been proposed as a more accurate descriptor, but the established terminology phenol peel continues to be of dominant usage, as the role of croton oil in the mix is not as widely understood.

Effects of a phenol chemical peel are long lasting, and in some cases are still readily apparent up to 20 years following the procedure. Improvements in the patient’s skin can be quite dramatic. A single treatment usually achieves the desired result.

Phenol peels are used to:

Phenol peels may:

Anesthesia

Light chemical peels like AHA and glycolic acid peels are usually done in dermatologists’or plastic surgeons' offices. There is minimal discomfort so usually no anesthetic is given because the patient feels only a slight stinging when the solution is applied. Anesthesia, or anaesthesia (see spelling differences; from Greek grc αν- an-, "without" and grc αἲσθησις In Chemistry, a solution is a Homogeneous Mixture composed of two or more substances If a patient were to request something for pain, an oral pain pill like Tylenol with codeine would be appropriate. Pain, in the sense of physical pain, is a typical sensory experience that may be described as the unpleasant awareness of a noxious stimulus or bodily harm [1]

Medium peels like TCA are also performed in the doctor’s office or in an ambulatory surgery center as an outpatient procedure and are a bit more painful. Ambulatory surgery centers (ASC are also known as outpatient surgery centers or same day surgery centers. Frequently, the combination of a tranquilizer like Valium and a pain pill usually suffice. A sedative, or more specifically a sedative-hypnotic, is a substance that depresses the Central nervous system (CNS resulting in calmness relaxation sleepiness TCA peels often do not require anesthesia because the solution itself has a numbing effect on the skin. The patient usually feels a warm or burning sensation. A patient is any person who receives medical attention care or treatment. [2]

Phenol is the classic deep chemical peel. The application is very painful and most practitioners will perform it under either general anesthesia, administered by an MD-anesthesiologist or nurse anesthetist. In modern medical practice general anaesthesia ( AmE: anesthesia) is a state of total unconsciousness resulting from General anaesthetic drugs Less often, the procedure is done using very heavy sedation, usually intravenous or intramuscular. Sedation is a Medical procedure involving the administration of Sedative drugs generally to facilitate a medical procedure with Local anaesthesia. But that approach is less desirable for several reasons including possible adverse influences of the phenol upon the heart. The heart is a muscular organ in all Vertebrates responsible for pumping Blood through the Blood vessels by repeated rhythmic [3]

References:

  1. ^ Demas PN, Bridenstine JB, Braun TW: Pharmacology of agents used in the management of patients having skin resurfacing. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1997 Nov; 55(11): 1255-8.
  2. ^ Halaas YP: Medium depth peels. Facial Plas Surg Clin North Am 2004 Aug; 12(3):297-303
  3. ^ Resnick SS, Resnik Bl: Complications of chemical peeling. Dermatol Clin 1995 Apr; 13(2):309-12

Dictionary

chemical peel

-noun

  1. the application of a mild caustic substance to the skin in order to remove blemishes
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