In the field of engineering, a chemical engineer is the profession in which one works principally in the chemical industry to convert basic raw materials into a variety of products, and deals with the design and operation of plants and equipment to perform such work. Engineering is the Discipline and Profession of applying technical and scientific Knowledge and The chemical industry comprises the companies that produce industrial chemicals [1] In general, a chemical engineer is one who applies and uses principles of chemical engineering in any of various practical applications; primarily with respect to the study of the design, manufacture, and operation of plant and machinery in industrial chemical and related processes. Chemical engineering is the branch of Engineering that deals with the application of Physical science (e A number of famous or historical chemical engineers can be found in the list of chemical engineers. This is a list of notable Chemical engineers, people who studied or practiced Chemical engineering.
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History
The term appeared in print in 1839, though from the context it suggests a person with mechanical engineering knowledge working in the chemical industry. Year 1839 ( MDCCCXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Mechanical Engineering is an Engineering discipline that involves the application of principles of physics for analysis Design, Manufacturing The chemical industry comprises the companies that produce industrial chemicals [2] In 1880, George E. Davis wrote in a letter to Chemical News 'A Chemical Engineer is a person who possesses chemical and mechanical knowledge, and who applies that knowledge to the utilisation, on a manufacturing scale, of chemical action. Year 1880 ( MDCCCLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year George E Davis (1850-1907 is regarded as the founding father of the discipline of Chemical Engineering. ' He proposed the name Society of Chemical Engineers, for what was in fact constituted as the Society of Chemical Industry. The Society of Chemical Industry (SCI is a Learned society set up in 1881 'to further the application of Chemistry and related sciences for the public At the first General Meeting of the Society in 1882, some 15 of the 300 members described themselves as chemical engineers, but the Society's formation of a Chemical Engineering Group in 1918 attracted 400 members. Year 1882 ( MDCCCLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common [3]
In 1924 the Institution of Chemical Engineers adopted the following definition 'A chemical engineer is a professional man experienced in the design, construction and operation of plant and works in which matter undergoes a change of state and composition. Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. IChemE The Institution of Chemical Engineers ( IChemE) is an international professional engineering institution with members in over 113 countries worldwide founded '[4] (The first female member joined in 1942. )[5]
As can be seen from the latter definition, the occupation is not limited to the chemical industry, but more generally the process industries, or other situations in which complex physical and/or chemical processes are to be managed. The chemical industry comprises the companies that produce industrial chemicals
In 1951 the President of the Institution of Chemical Engineers said in his Presidential Address "I believe most of us would be willing to regard Edward Charles Howard (1774-1816) as the first chemical engineer of any eminence"[6]. Edward Charles Howard, born 28 May 1774 the youngest son of the Duke of Norfolk died 27 September 1816 was a British Chemist, who has also been described as "the Others have suggested Johann Rudolf Glauber (1604-1670) for his development of processes for the manufacture of the major industrial acids[7]. Johann Rudolf Glauber ( 1604 (? March 10 1670) a German - Dutch alchemist and Chemist.
The current definition of Chemical Engineering is "the profession in which knowledge of mathematics, physics, chemistry and biology, gained by study, experience, and practice, is applied with judgment to develop economic and safe ways of using materials to benefit mankind. Chemical engineering is the branch of Engineering that deals with the application of Physical science (e Mathematics is the body of Knowledge and Academic discipline that studies such concepts as Quantity, Structure, Space and Physics (Greek Physis - φύσις in everyday terms is the Science of Matter and its motion. Chemistry (from Egyptian kēme (chem meaning "earth") is the Science concerned with the composition structure and properties Foundations of modern biology There are five unifying principles " [8]
Overview
Historically, the chemical engineer has been primarily concerned with process engineering. Process engineering is often a synonym for Chemical engineering and focuses on the design operation and maintenance of chemical and material manufacturing processes The modern discipline of chemical engineering, however, encompasses much more than just process engineering. Chemical engineers are now engaged in the development and production of a diverse range of products, as well as in commodity and specialty chemicals. A chemical substance is a Material with a definite chemical composition. These products include high performance materials needed for aerospace, automotive, biomedical, electronic, environmental and military applications. This article is about the field of research and industry for the corporation see The Aerospace Corporation Aerospace comprises the Modern automotive engineering is a branch of Vehicle engineering, incorporating elements of mechanical, electrical, electronic, software Biomedical engineering ( BME) is the application of engineering principles and techniques to the medical field Electronics refers to the flow of charge (moving Electrons through Nonmetal conductors (mainly Semiconductors, whereas electrical Environmental engineering is the application of Science and Engineering principles to improve the environment (air water and/or land resources A military is an Organization authorized by its Nation to use force usually including use of Weapons in defending its Country (or by attacking Examples include ultra-strong fibers, fabrics, adhesives and composites for vehicles, bio-compatible materials for implants and prosthetics, gels for medical applications, pharmaceuticals, and films with special dielectric, optical or spectroscopic properties for opto-electronic devices. A textile is a flexible material comprised of a network of natural or artificial Fibres often referred to as thread or Yarn. Glue or adhesive is a compound that adheres or bonds two items together Biocompatibility is related to the behavior of Biomaterials and in that it is a peculiar word because it would seem that are at least two opposing uses of the same term A gel (from the lat gelu &mdashfreezing cold ice or gelatus &mdashfrozen immobile is an apparently solid jelly-like material formed from a A drug, broadly speaking is any chemical substance that when absorbed into the body Spectroscopy was originally the study of the interaction between Radiation and Matter as a function of Wavelength (λ Additionally, chemical engineering is often intertwined with biology and biomedical engineering. Foundations of modern biology There are five unifying principles Biomedical engineering ( BME) is the application of engineering principles and techniques to the medical field Many chemical engineers work on biological projects such as understanding biopolymers (proteins) and mapping the human genome. Proteins are large Organic compounds made of Amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by Peptide bonds between the Carboxyl The Human Genome Project (HGP was an international Scientific research project with a primary goal to determine the sequence of chemical base pairs which make up DNA
Employment and Salaries
In the United States of America, the Department of Labor estimated in 2006 the number of chemical engineers to be 30,000. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The average hourly wage for a chemical engineer was $39. 23 per hour, but ranged from $24. 07 to $57. 05 per hour. The median annual salary for a chemical engineer was $78,860, with the middle 80 percent of chemical engineers making between $50,060 and $118,670 annually. [9] Chemical engineering has been cited as the highest-paying degree for first employment of college graduates. [10] Subsequently, a high-end salary grade is common to this profession in the USA.
In the UK, the Institution of Chemical Engineers 2006 Salary Survey reported an average over £53,000, with a starting salary for a graduate averaging £24,000[11]. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located IChemE The Institution of Chemical Engineers ( IChemE) is an international professional engineering institution with members in over 113 countries worldwide founded Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
See also
- American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE)
- Distillation
- Fluid dynamics
- Heat transfer
- History of chemical engineering
- Institution of Chemical Engineers (IChemE)
- List of chemical engineering societies
- List of chemical engineers
- Mass transfer
- Process control
- Process design (chemical engineering)
- Process engineering
- Unit operations
- WikiProject: Chemical and Bio Engineering
References
- ^ Licker, Mark, D. The American Institute of Chemical Engineers ( AIChE) is a Professional organization for chemical engineers. Distillation is a method of separating Mixtures based on differences in their volatilities in a boiling liquid mixture Fluid dynamics is the sub-discipline of Fluid mechanics dealing with fluid flow: Fluids ( Liquids and Gases in motion In thermal physics, heat transfer is the passage of Thermal energy from a hot to a colder body Chemical engineering as a discipline is a little over one hundred years old IChemE The Institution of Chemical Engineers ( IChemE) is an international professional engineering institution with members in over 113 countries worldwide founded This is the list of chemical engineering societies in the world This is a list of notable Chemical engineers, people who studied or practiced Chemical engineering. Mass transfer is the phrase commonly used in engineering for physical processes that involve molecular and convective transport of Atoms and Molecules Process control is a Statistics and Engineering discipline that deals with Architectures mechanisms and Algorithms for controlling Process design is the design of processes for desired physical and/or chemical transformation of materials Process engineering is often a synonym for Chemical engineering and focuses on the design operation and maintenance of chemical and material manufacturing processes In Chemical engineering and related fields a unit operation is a basic step in a Process. (2003). Dictionary of Engineering", McGraw-Hill, 2nd Ed.
- ^ Ure,Andrew (1839) A Dictionary of Arts Manufactures and Mines, London: Longman, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman, page 1220
- ^ Colin Duvall and Sean F, Johnston (2000) Scaling Up: The Institution of Chemical Engineers and the Rise of a New Profession Kluwer Academic Publishers
- ^ Transactions of the Institution of Chemical Engineers volume 2 page 23 (1924)
- ^ Colin Duvall and Sean F, Johnston (2000)Scaling Up: The Institution of Chemical Engineers and the Rise of a New Profession Kluwer Academic Publishers
- ^ Transactions of the IChemE (1951) Volume 29 page 163
- ^ Herman Skolnik in W. F. Furter (ed) (1982) A Century of Chemical Engineering ISBN 0-306-40895-3 page 230
- ^ American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE
- ^ U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics: Chemical Engineers
- ^ Chemical Engineering Ranked Highest Paying Degree, Department of Chemical Engineering, Princeton University, February 15, 2006
- ^ Institution of Chemical Engineers Annual Review 2006
External links
- Chemical Engineering Information Exchange
- American Institute of Chemical Engineers (USA)
- Institution of Chemical Engineers (UK)
- Canadian Society for Chemical Engineers
- Engineers Australia (AUS)
- Chemical Engineering sites (Open Directory Project)
- Chemical Engineering software (Open Directory Project)
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