Cheddar
Country of origin	England
Region, town	Somerset, Cheddar
Source of milk	Cows, rarely Goats
Pasteurised	Frequently
Texture	hard/semi-hard
Aging time	3–30 months depending on variety
Certification	West Country farmhouse Cheddar Only: PDO

Cheddar cheese is a fairly hard, pale yellow to orange, sharp-tasting cheese originating from the English village of Cheddar, in Somerset. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Somerset ( or) is a county in south west England The County town is Taunton, which is in the south of the county Cheddar is a large Village and Civil parish in the district of Sedgemoor in the English county of Somerset. Cattle, colloquially referred to as cows, are domesticated Ungulates a member of the Subfamily Bovinae of the family The domestic goat ( Capra aegagrus hircus) is a subspecies of goat Domesticated from the Wild goat of Southwest Asia and Eastern Europe Cheese is a Food made from Milk, usually the milk of cows, Buffalo, Goats or sheep, by coagulation. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Cheddar is a large Village and Civil parish in the district of Sedgemoor in the English county of Somerset. Somerset ( or) is a county in south west England The County town is Taunton, which is in the south of the county ^[1] Cheddar cheese is the most popular cheese in the United Kingdom, accounting for just over 50% of the country's £1. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located 9 billion annual cheese market. ^[2] Although Cheddar cheese is originally English, it is also widely produced in other countries, including Ireland, the USA, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and Canada. Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page

Contents 1 History 2 Production 2.1 Process 2.2 International production and taste 3 Status 4 Character 5 Record sized Cheddar cheeses 6 See also 7 References 8 External links

History

Cheddar cheese has been made since at least 1170. A pipe roll of King Henry II from that year records the purchase of 10,420 lb at a farthing per pound (£3 per tonne). The Pipe Rolls are a series of financial records from England, beginning in 1130 and lasting mostly complete until 1833. The pound or pound-mass (abbreviation lb, lbm, or sometimes in the United States #) is a unit of Mass A farthing (meaning fourth part) was a British coin worth one quarter of a penny and 1/960 of a Pound sterling, slightly over a "mill" ^[3]

Central to the modernisation and standardisation of Cheddar cheese was Joseph Harding in the nineteenth century. Joseph Harding ( 22 March 1805 in Sturton Farm Wanstrow, Somerset, England &ndash 1 May 1876 in Vale Court ^[4] For his development and propagation of modern cheese-making techniques he has been described as the father of Cheddar cheese. ^[5] Harding is credited by some websites as the inventor of the Cheese Mill^[4]: whether or not this is true, Joseph Harding was responsible for the introduction of modernizing cheddar production along a scientific approach. He was responsible for the introduction of this very English cheese into Scotland and North America. Joseph Harding's son, Henry Harding, was responsible for introducing Cheddar cheese production to Australia. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. ^[6]

Production

Process

Main article: Manufacturing of Cheddar Cheese

Cheddaring refers to an additional step in the production of Cheddar-style cheese where, after heating, the curd is kneaded with salt, then is cut into cubes to drain the whey, then stacked and turned. The name Cheddar cheese originated because cheddar was first made in a small English village named Cheddar. The name Cheddar cheese originated because cheddar was first made in a small English village named Cheddar. Curd is a Dairy product obtained by curdling (coagulating Milk with Rennet or an edible Acidic substance such as Lemon juice Whey or milk plasma is the liquid remaining after Milk has been Curdled and strained it is a By-product of the manufacture of Cheese ^[7] Strong, extra-mature Cheddar, sometimes called vintage, needs to be matured for up to 15 months. The cheese is kept at a constant temperature often requiring special facilities. As with cheese production in other European countries, caves provide an ideal environment for maturing cheese; still, today, some Cheddar cheese produced in the UK is matured in the caves at Wookey Hole and the caves in Cheddar Gorge. A cave is a natural underground void large enough for a human to enter Wookey Hole Caves is a show cave and tourist attraction in the village of Wookey Hole on the southern edge of the Mendip Hills near Wells in Somerset ^[8]

The rennet used to coagulate the milk into separate curds and whey used in vegetarian Cheddar is not sourced from the stomachs of dead calves. Rennet (ˈrɛnɪt is a natural complex of enzymes produced in any Mammalian Stomach to digest the mother's milk and often used in the production of Cheese Vegetarianism is the practice of a diet that excludes Meat (including game and slaughter by-products Fish (including Shellfish and other sea ^[9][7]

International production and taste

Cheddar cheese is produced in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada, United States, South Africa, New Zealand, Australia (where it is usually called tasty cheese), Sweden, Belgium, and the Netherlands. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Much of this cheese is mass-produced and quality varies enormously. The strong flavour develops over time, with a taste diverse enough that food packaging will usually indicate a strength using adjectives such as mild, medium, strong, tasty, sharp, mature, or vintage, and may also indicate the maturation period.

Status

The name 'Cheddar cheese' has become widely used internationally, and does not currently have a protected designation of origin (PDO). However, the European Union recognises West Country Farmhouse Cheddar as a PDO. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in To meet this standard the cheese must be made in the traditional manner using local ingredients in one of the four designated counties of South West England: Somerset, Devon, Dorset, or Cornwall. South West England is one of the Regions of England. It is the largest such region in terms of area and extends from Gloucestershire and Wiltshire to Somerset ( or) is a county in south west England The County town is Taunton, which is in the south of the county Devon is a large county in the South West of England. The county is also referred to as Devonshire, but that is an entirely unofficial name Dorset ( (or archaically, Dorsetshire) is a county in South West England on the English Channel coast Cornwall ( Kernow ˈkɛɹnɔʊ is the most southwesterly county of England, on the Peninsula that lies to the west of the River Tamar

The Slow Food Movement, encouraged and advised by Neal's Yard Dairy, has recently created a Cheddar Presidia, claiming that only three cheeses should be called 'Cheddar'. The Slow Food movement was founded by Carlo Petrini in Italy to combat Fast food. Neal's Yard Dairy is a London artisanal Cheese retailer and (formerly Cheesemaker, described as "London's foremost cheese store Their specifications, which go well beyond the West Country Farmhouse Cheddar PDO, require that Cheddar cheese be made in Somerset, and with traditional methods, such as using raw milk, traditional animal rennet, and a cloth wrapping. Rennet (ˈrɛnɪt is a natural complex of enzymes produced in any Mammalian Stomach to digest the mother's milk and often used in the production of Cheese ^[10]

Character

In England, Cheddar tends to have a sharp, pungent flavour, often slightly earthy. Its texture is firm, with farmhouse traditional cheddar being slightly crumbly. It is always a pale yellow colour, and food colourings are not used. In parts of the United States and Canada, annatto, extracted from the tropical achiote tree, is used to give Cheddar cheese a deep orange colour. Annatto, sometimes called Roucou, is a derivative of the Achiote trees of tropical regions of the Americas used to produce a red Food coloring and also The origins of this practice have been long since forgotten, but the three leading theories appear to be:

• to allow the cheese to have a consistent colour from batch to batch
• to assist the purchaser in identifying the type of cheese when it is unlabelled
• to identify the cheese's region of origin.

Cheddar cheese was sometimes packaged in black wax, but more commonly in larded cloth, impermeable to contaminants but still allowing the cheese to breathe, although this practice is now limited to Europe and to artisan cheese makers. In the United States, Cheddar cheese comes in several varieties, including mild, medium, sharp, extra sharp, New York Style, Colby/Longhorn, white, and Vermont. Colby cheese is a Cow 's milk Cheese. It was originally called Colby "Swiss" Cheddar. New York style Cheddar cheese is a particularly sharp Cheddar cheese, sometimes with a hint of smoke. It is usually slightly softer than milder Cheddar cheese. Colby/Longhorn Cheddar cheese has a mild to medium flavour. The curds are still distinct, often marbled in colour, varying from cream to yellow. Cheddar that has not been coloured is frequently labelled as "white Cheddar" or "Vermont Cheddar", regardless of whether it was produced in the state of Vermont. Vermont ( is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. Vermont Cheddar is the nearest of any North American cheese to authentic English Cheddar.

Cheddar cheese is one of several products used by the United States Department of Agriculture to track the dairy industry; reports are issued weekly detailing prices and production quantities. This article is about cheese curds as a regional delicacy For general information about the dairy product see Curd. A dairy is a facility for the extraction and processing of animal Milk &mdashmostly from goats or cows, but also from buffalo, Sheep The state of Wisconsin produces the most Cheddar cheese in the United States; other centres of production include upstate New York, Vermont, and Tillamook, Oregon. Wisconsin ( or wɪˈskɑnsɨn (French Ouisconsin) is one of the fifty United States of America, located in the north central part of the United States Upstate New York is the region of New York State north of the core of the New York metropolitan area. Vermont ( is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. The city of Tillamook (ˈtɪləmʊk is the County seat of Tillamook County, Oregon, United States.

Cheddar cheese is a good source of vitamin B12. A slice of vegetarian Cheddar cheese (40 g) contains about 0. 5 µg of vitamin B12 (required daily intake for an adult is 2. 4 µg).

Famous Cheddar cheeses from Somerset include Keen's, with a strong tang, and Montgomery's, with an apple after taste and the unpasteurised Cheddar made by the Gorge Cheese Company in Cheddar itself.

Record sized Cheddar cheeses

White House historians assert that U. See also Executive Office of the President of the United States The White House, formerly known as the Executive Mansion, is the Official residence See also History An historian is an individual who studies and writes about History, and is regarded as an Authority on it S. president Andrew Jackson held an open house party where a 1,400 lb (635 kg) block of Cheddar cheese was served as refreshment; this block of cheese would later serve as direct inspiration for two episodes of the Emmy-award winning television series The West Wing. President is a Title leaders of Organizations companies, Trade unions universities, and countries. Andrew Jackson (March 15 1767 June 8 1845 was the seventh President of the United States (1829&ndash1837

A cheese of 7,000 lb (3,175 kg) was produced in Ingersoll, Ontario, in 1866 and exhibited in New York and Britain; it was immortalised in the infamous poem "Ode on the Mammoth Cheese Weighing over 7,000 Pounds" by James McIntyre, a Canadian poet. Ingersoll (2006 population 11760 is a Town in Oxford County on the Thames River in southwestern Ontario Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec Year 1866 ( MDCCCLXVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous James McIntyre (baptised 25 May 1828 &ndash 31 March 1906) called The Cheese Poet, was a Canadian poet Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page

In 1893 farmers from the town of Perth, Ontario produced The Mammoth Cheese, at a weight of 22,000 lb (10,000 kg) for that year's World's Fair in Chicago. Perth is a Town in eastern Ontario, Canada (pop 6003 in 2001) When placed on exhibit with the Canadian display, The Mammoth Cheese promptly crashed through the floor and had to be placed on reinforced concrete in the Agricultural Building. It was more written about than any other single exhibit at the fair, and received the bronze medal.

A still larger Wisconsin Cheddar cheese of 34,951 lb (15,853 kg) was produced for the 1964 New York World's Fair. Wisconsin ( or wɪˈskɑnsɨn (French Ouisconsin) is one of the fifty United States of America, located in the north central part of the United States The 1964/1965 New York World's Fair was the third major World's Fair to be held in New York City It required the equivalent of the daily milk production of 16,000 cows. Cattle, colloquially referred to as cows, are domesticated Ungulates a member of the Subfamily Bovinae of the family

See also

• Wedginald – a round of Cheddar made famous when its maturation was broadcast on the internet. Wedginald is a round of Cheddar cheese made famous in 2007 when its producers broadcast its maturation process on the internet on the Cheddarvision Cheese is a Food made from Milk, usually the milk of cows, Buffalo, Goats or sheep, by coagulation.

References

External links

• Icons of England – Cheddar Cheese
• A recipe for a Cheddar-like Cheese
• Andrew Jackson's 1,400 lb Cheddar
• "Ode on the Mammoth Cheese Weighing over 7,000 Pounds" - full text of the poem, with notes

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