| Chełm | |||
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  Chełm
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| Coordinates: | |||
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| Country |  Poland |
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| Voivodeship | Lublin | ||
| County | city County | ||
| Established | 10th century | ||
| Town rights | 1392 | ||
| Government | |||
| - Mayor | Agata Fisz | ||
| Area | |||
| - City | 35. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Voivodeship The voivodeship or province (województwo has been a high-level Administrative subdivision of Poland since the 14th century Lublin Voivodeship (also known as Lublin Province or województwo lubelskie or simply Lubelskie) is a voivodeship, or Province, in eastern Poland A powiat (pronounced; Polish plural powiaty) is the second-level unit of Local government and administration in Poland, equivalent to a County Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 28 km² (13. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 6 sq mi) | ||
| Highest elevation | 153 m (502 ft) | ||
| Lowest elevation | 80 m (262 ft) | ||
| Population (2006) | |||
| - City | 67,989 | ||
| - Density | 1,927. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 1/km² (4,991. 2/sq mi) | ||
| - Metro | 80,743 | ||
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | ||
| - Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | ||
| Postal code | 22-100 to 22-118 | ||
| Area code(s) | +48 082 | ||
| Car plates | LC | ||
| Website: http://www.chelm.pl | |||
Chełm [xɛu̯m] (
listen) (Ukrainian: Холм, Kholm) is a city in eastern Poland with 72,595 inhabitants (2005). Ukrainian (in Ukrainian украї́нська мо́ва ukrayins'ka mova,) is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. It is located to the south-east of Lublin, north of Zamość and south of Biała Podlaska, some 25 kilometres from the border with Ukraine. Lublin is the largest city in eastern Poland and the capital of Lublin Voivodeship with a population of 355954 Zamość is a town in southeastern Poland with 66633 inhabitants (2004 situated in the Lublin Voivodeship (since 1999 Biała Podlaska is a town in eastern Poland with 58047 inhabitants (2005 Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Since 1999 located in the Lublin Voivodeship, previously the town was the capital of a separate voivodeship. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Lublin Voivodeship (also known as Lublin Province or województwo lubelskie or simply Lubelskie) is a voivodeship, or Province, in eastern Poland Chełm Voivodeship (województwo chełmskie was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland in years 1975 &ndash 1998, superseded by
The town is of mostly industrial character, though it also houses numerous notable historical monuments and tourist attractions. In Jewish humor, the town is the legendary capital of foolishness. Jewish humour is the long tradition of Humour in Judaism dating back to the Torah and the Midrash, but generally refers to the more recent
Contents |
History
The first traces of settlement in the area of modern Chełm date back to at least 9th century. The 9th century is the period from 801 to 900 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. The following century a Slavic fortified town was created there and initially served as a centre of pagan worship. Grad or gorod (Cyrillic град город or gord is a Slavic word for town or city The etymology of the name is unclear, though most scholars derive it from the Slavic root helm or holm denoting a flat hill. In fact the town's centre is located atop of such hill called góra chełmska in modern times. However, there are also theories deriving the name from some Celtic root. In 981 the town, then inhabited by the Eastern Slavic tribe of Buzhans, was made a part of Kievan Rus', along with the surrounding Cherven Towns. Events By Place Europe The great Viking explorer Eric the Red-haired leaves Norway to survey an island west of Iceland The Buzhans or (more correct Buzhane ( Бужане, Бужани) were one of the tribal unions of Early East Slavs. Kievan Rus′ (Ки́евская Русь romanised: Kievskaya Rus', rusʲ also written as Kyivan Rus′ (Ки́ївська Русь or Kievan Red Ruthenia ( Червона Русь, Chervona Rus, Polish: Ruś Czerwona, Latin: Ruthenia Rubra or Russia According to a local legend, it was Vladimir the Great to build the first stone castle there in 1001. Saint Vladimir Svyatoslavich the Great ( Old Russian: Володимеръ Святославичь, c Following the Polish capture of Kiev in 1018 the region was made part of Poland, but returned under Kievan rule in 1031.
In 1235 Daniel Romanovich of Halych granted the town with a city charter and moved the capital of his domain there. Daniel of Galicia or Daniil Romanovich (Данило Галицький Danylo Halytskyi (1201&ndash1264 King of Galicia ( Galich or Halych (Галич Гáлич Halicz Halyčas is a historic city on the Dniester River in western Ukraine. A city charter or town charter (generically municipal charter) is a legal Document establishing a Municipality such as a City or The Kingdom of Galicia-Volhynia ( Ruthenian: sla Галицко-Волинскоє Королѣвство Regnum Galiciæ et Lodomeriæ or Galicia-Vladimir, was He also built a new castle atop of the hill in 1240 and created an Orthodox bishopric there (now the Basilica of the Birth of the Virgin Mary). Until 14th century the town developed as part of that state and then as part of the short-lived Princedom of Chełm and Bełz. Belz (Белз Polish: Bełz Yiddish: בעלז a small Town in the Lviv Oblast ( province) of western Ukraine, near In 1366 king Casimir III annexed the region again to Poland and created a Catholic bishopric there. Casimir III the Great (Kazimierz Wielki April 30 1310 – November 5 1370 last King of Poland from the Piast dynasty (1333–1370 was the son of King Władysław On January 14, 1392 the town was relocated on the Magdeburg Law and granted with a vast internal autonomy. Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes. Magdeburg Rights (Magdeburger Recht or Magdeburg Law were a set of German town laws regulating the degree of internal autonomy within cities and villages granted with
Throughout the ages, the town was the capital of a historical region of the Land of Chełm, administratively a part of the Ruthenian Voivodeship with the capital in Lwów. Not to be confused with Chełmno Land. Chełm Land (ziemia chełmska is a historical Ziemia region in Poland Ruthenia Voivodeship (Palatinatus russiae województwo ruskie 1366&ndash1772 was an administrative division of the Kingdom of Poland (see Kingdom of Poland [1320–1385] Lviv ( Ukrainian: Львів, L’viv, Lwów Lemberg Львов L'vov; see also other names) is a major city in western The city prospered in the 15th and 16th centuries, then declined in the 17th century due to the wars which ravaged Poland at the time. As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar In 18th century the situation in eastern Poland was stabilized and the town started to slowly recover from the damages suffered during The Deluge and the Chmielnicki's Uprising. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system The Deluge ( Polish: Potop, full Polish name is Potop Szwedzki Deluge''' is the name commonly assigned in the History The term Khmelnytsky Uprising (also Khmel'nyts'kyi/Chmielnicki Uprising or Khmelnytsky / Chmielnicki Rebellion) refers to a Rebellion or It attracted a number of new settlers from all parts of Poland, including people of Catholic, Orthodox and Jewish faiths. In 1794 the Chełm Voivodeship was established. Year 1794 ( MDCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Chełm Voivodeship (województwo chełmskie was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland in years 1975 &ndash 1998, superseded by However, later that year the Kościuszko's Uprising started and Chełm became one of the first towns to join it. The Kościuszko Uprising was an uprising led by Tadeusz Kościuszko in Poland and Lithuania in 1794 In the effect of the battle of Chełm of June 8, 1794, in which the forces of Gen. The Battle of Chełm was fought on June 8, 1794 between Poland and the combined forces of the Russian Empire and Prussia Events 68 - The Roman Senate accepts emperor Galba. 536 - St Silverius becomes Pope (probable Year 1794 ( MDCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Józef Zajączek were defeated by the Russians under Gen. This is an article about the 19th century general For a 20th century one see Józef Zając. Derfelden, Valerian Zubov and Boris Lacy, the town was yet again sacked by the assaulting armies. Zubov (Зу́бов was a Russian noble family which rose to the highest offices of state in the 1790s when Platon Zubov succeeded Count Orlov and Franz Moritz Graf von Lacy or Lascy (English Count Francis Maurice von Lacy, Russian Boris Petrovich Lassi) ( October 21, 1725 The following year, in the effect of the Third Partition of Poland, the town was annexed by Austria. The Partitions of Poland or Partitions of the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth took place in the second half of the 18th century and ended the existence of the Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich
During the Napoleonic Wars in 1806, in the effect of the Polish-Austrian War, the town was briefly attached to the Duchy of Warsaw. The Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815 involved Napoleon's French Empire and a shifting set of European allies and opposing coalitions Year 1806 ( MDCCCVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Duchy of Warsaw (Księstwo Warszawskie Duché de Varsovie Herzogtum Warschau Варшавское герцогство was a Polish state established by Napoleon However, the Congress of Vienna of 1815 awarded it to Imperial Russia. The Congress of Vienna was a conference of ambassadors of the major powers of Europe, chaired by the Austrian statesman Clemens Wenzel von Metternich Year 1815 ( MDCCCXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya The town entered a period of decline as the local administrative and religious offices (including the bishopric) were moved to Lublin. Lublin is the largest city in eastern Poland and the capital of Lublin Voivodeship with a population of 355954 In mid-19th century the Russian Army turned the town into a strong garrison, which made the Russian soldiers a significant part of the population. The Russian Ground Forces (Сухопутные войска Российской Федерации tr Garrison (various spellings (from the French garnison, itself from the verb garnir, "to equip" is the collective term for a body of Troops The period of decline ended in 1866, when the town was connected to a new rail road. Year 1866 ( MDCCCLXVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common "Railroad" and "Railway" both redirect here For other uses see Railroad (disambiguation. In 1875 the Uniate bishopric was liquidated by the Russian authorities and all of the local Uniates were forcibly converted to Orthodox rite. Year 1875 ( MDCCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common This article refers to Eastern Churches in full communion with the Holy See In late 19th century the local administrative offices were restored and in 1912 a local gubernia was created. Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting Guberniya (губе́рния) (also gubernia, guberniia, gubernya) was a major administrative subdivision of Imperial Russia, usually
In 1918, following World War I, the town had been restored to newly-reborn Poland. Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All
Almost all of the Jewish population was killed in the Sobibór extermination camp during The Holocaust. The Holocaust (from the Greek el ''ὁλόκαυστον'' (el-Latn holókauston holos, "completely" and kaustos, "burnt" also known as Some managed to shelter in the underground tunnel system below the city. The Chełm Chalk Tunnels (in Polish Chełmskie podziemia kredowe) are a system of tunnels dug into the Chalk under the city of Chełm in eastern
Sports
- Meblotap AZS Chełm - women basketball team, 7th place in Sharp Torell Basket Liga in 2003/2004 season
Famous people
- Mykhailo Hrushevsky, a Ukrainian historian and statesman. Meblotap AZS Chełm is a Polish women's Basketball team based in Chełm, playing in Sharp Torell Basket Liga. Mykhailo Serhiyovych Hrushevsky (Михайло Сергійович Грушевський Chełm ( — Kislovodsk, 26 November, 1934) was
"Wise Jewish Men of Chelm"
Jewish folklore considers the Jewish residents of Chelm (Yiddish: כעלעﬦ, Hebrew: חלם often transcribed as Helm) fools. There are a lot of popular stories about their "smart" conduct. For example: One Jewish Chelm resident bought a fish on Friday in order to cook it for sabbath. He put the live fish underneath his coat and the fish slapped his face with his tail. He went to the Chelm court to submit a charge and the court sentenced the fish to death by drowning.
Most well-known of these stories and storytellers are those of Isaac Bashevis Singer, a Nobel Prize-winning Jewish writer in the Yiddish language, who wrote The Fools of Chelm and Their History, published in English translation in 1973. Isaac Bashevis Singer (יצחק באַשעװיס זינגער (November 21 1902 (see notes below – July 24 1991 was a Nobel Prize -winning Polish -born The Nobel Prize (Nobelpriset (Nobelprisen is a Swedish prize established in the 1895 will of Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel; it was first awarded in Peace, Literature PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Yiddish (yi [[wiktייִדיש ייִדיש]] yidish or yi [[wiktאידיש אידיש]] idish, literally "Jewish" is a nonterritorial High
Twin towns
References
External links
- (English) Chełm official English-language home page
- (Polish) Chełm Online
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