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Coordinates: 48°27′21″N 1°29′03″E / 48.455847, 1.484184

Commune of Chartres

Distant view of Chartres
Location
Chartres (France)
Chartres
Administration
Country France
Region Centre
Department Eure-et-Loir
(préfecture)
Arrondissement Chartres
Canton Chief town of 3 cantons
Intercommunality Chartres Métropole
Mayor Jean-Pierre Gorges (UMP)
(2001-2008)
Statistics
Elevation 121 m–161 m
(avg. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. France is divided into 26 regions or régions (in French of which 21 are in continental Metropolitan France, one is the island of Corsica, Centre is one of the 26 regions of France, located towards the northwest of the actual centre of the country In the context of the political and geographic organization of France and many of its former colonies a department (département depaʁtǝmɑ̃ is an Administrative division Eure-et-Loir is a French department, named after the Eure and Loir rivers A prefecture ( préfecture) in France can refer to: the Chef-lieu de département, the town in which the administration of a ''département'' The 100 French departments are divided into 342 arrondissements, which may be translated into English as districts. The arrondissement of Chartres is an arrondissement of France located in the Eure-et-Loir département, in the Centre The cantons of France are territorial subdivisions of the French Republic's 341 arrondissements and 100 departments. The commune is the lowest level of administrative division in the French Republic. A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. 142 m)
Land area¹ 16. 85 km²
Population²
(1999)		 40,361
 - Density 2,395/km² (1999)
Miscellaneous
INSEE/Postal code 28085/ 28000
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0. As of January 1, 2008, 64473140 people live in the French Republic. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume The INSEE code is a numerical indexing code used by the French National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies (INSEE to identify various entities including communes Postal codes were introduced in France in 1972, when La Poste introduced automated sorting. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. An estuary is a semi-enclosed Coastal body of Water with one or more Rivers or Streams flowing into it and with a free connection to the open
2 Population sans doubles comptes: residents of multiple communes (e.g. students and military personnel) only counted once. C D E
France
This article is about the city in France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. For the settlement in the Falkland Islands, see Chartres, Falkland Islands. Chartres is one of the main settlements on West Falkland, in the Falkland Islands.

Chartres is a town and commune of France, préfecture (capital) of the Eure-et-Loir département. The commune is the lowest level of administrative division in the French Republic. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. A prefecture ( préfecture) in France can refer to: the Chef-lieu de département, the town in which the administration of a ''département'' Eure-et-Loir is a French department, named after the Eure and Loir rivers In the context of the political and geographic organization of France and many of its former colonies a department (département depaʁtǝmɑ̃ is an Administrative division It is located 96 km southwest of Paris in central France. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city

Contents

Geography

Chartres is built on the left bank of the Eure River, on a hill crowned by its famous cathedral, the spires of which are a landmark in the surrounding country. The Eure is a River in northern France, left tributary of the Seine. To the south-east stretches the fruitful plain of Beauce, the "granary of France", of which the town is the commercial centre. Beauce is a natural region in northern France, located between the Seine and Loire rivers

History

Chartres was one of the principal towns of the Carnutes, and by the Romans was called Autricum, from the river Autura (Eure), and afterwards civitas Carnutum. The Carnutes ( Latin Carnuti) a powerful Celtic people in the heart of independent Gaul, dwelled in a particularly extensive territory between The name "Chartres" derives from "Carnutes". It was burnt by the Normans in 858, and unsuccessfully besieged by them in 911. The Normans were the people who gave their names to Normandy, a region in northern France. This article is about the year 858 AD. For the terrorist attack on Korean air see Korean_Air_Flight_858. Events By Place Europe Autumn — Charles the Simple agrees to the Treaty of St

During the Middle Ages it was the chief town of Beauce, and gave its name to a countship which was held by the counts of Blois and Champagne and afterwards by the house of Chatillon, a member of which in 1286 sold it to the crown. It was raised to the rank of a duchy in 1528 by Francis I. Francis I (September 12 1494 &ndash March 31 1547 was crowned King of France in 1515 in the cathedral at Reims and reigned until 1547 After the time of Louis XIV the title of duke of Chartres was hereditary in the family of Orleans. Early years Birth and ancestry Louis XIV was born in the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye on September 5 1638 and bore the Heir apparent Originally the Duchy of Chartres ( duché de Chartres) was the comté de Chartres, an Earldom. Orléans is the name used by several branches of the Royal House of France all descended in the legitimate male line from the dynasty's royal founder Hugh Capet

In 1417 it fell into the hands of the English, from whom it was recovered in 1432. It became seat of a Duchy in 1528. During the Wars of Religion, it was attacked unsuccessfully by the Protestants in 1568, and was taken in 1591 by Henry IV, who was crowned there three years afterwards. The French Wars of Religion (1562 to 1598 between French Catholics and Protestants ( Huguenots involved both civil infighting Henry IV (Henri IV ( 13 December 1553 &ndash 14 May 1610) ruled as King of France from 1589 to 1610 and as Henry III

In the Franco-Prussian War it was seized by the Germans on October 2, 1870, and continued during the rest of the Campaign an important centre of operations. The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the 1870 War ( 19 July, 1870 — 10 May, 1871 Events 1187 - Siege of Jerusalem: Saladin captures Jerusalem after 88 years of Crusader rule Year 1870 ( MDCCCLXX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

The city suffered heavy damage by bombing in the course of World War II. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including

Main sights

Cathedrals and churches

Cathedral of Chartres.
Cathedral of Chartres.
Cathedral of Chartres, western spires.
Cathedral of Chartres, western spires.

The town is best known for the Cathedral of Chartres (French: Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Chartres), widely considered to be the finest gothic cathedral in France. Its historical and cultural importance is recognized by its inclusion on the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex

The Cathedral.
The Cathedral.

The abbey church of St Pierre [1], dating chiefly from the 13th century, contains, besides some fine stained glass, twelve representations of the apostles in enamel, created about 1547 by Léonard Limosin. Of the other churches of Chartres also noteworthy are St Aignan (13th, 16th and 17th centuries) and St Martin-au-Val (12th century).

The surrounding city financed the stained glass windows.

Museums

Others

The Eure River, which at this point divides into three branches, is crossed by several bridges, some of them ancient, and is fringed in places by remains of the old fortifications, of which the Porte Guillaume (14th century), a gateway flanked by towers, is the most complete specimen. The steep, narrow streets of the old town contrast with the wide, shady boulevards which encircle it and divide it from the suburbs. The Cbs St Jean, a pleasant park, lies to the north-west, and squares and open spaces are numerous.

The hotel de ville, a building of the 17th century, containing a museum and library, an older hotel de ville of the 13th century, and several medieval and Renaissance houses, are of interest. There is a statue of General F. S. Marceau-Desgraviers (b. 1769), a native of the town.

Economy

Chartres is one of the most important market towns in the region of Beauce (known as "the granary of France"). Beauce is a natural region in northern France, located between the Seine and Loire rivers

The game-pies and other delicacies of Chartres are well known, and the industries also include flour-milling, brewing, distilling, iron-founding, leather manufacture, perfumes, dyeing, and the manufacture of electronic equipments, car accessories, stained glass, billiard requisites and hosiery.

Diocese

Main article: Diocese of Chartres

The town is the seat of a bishop, a prefecture, a court of assizes, and has tribunals of first instance and of commerce, a chamber of commerce, training colleges, a high school for boys, a communal college for girls, and a branch of the Bank of France.

Pilgrimages

Chartres has been a site of Christian pilgrimage since the Middle Ages. The poet Charles Péguy (1873-1914) revived the pilgrimage route between Paris and Chartres before the First World War. After the war, some students carried on the pilgrimage in his memory. Since the 1980s, the association Notre-Dame de Chrétienté (http://www.nd-chretiente.com), with offices in Versailles, has organized the annual 100-km pilgrimage on foot from the cathedral of Notre-Dame de Paris to the cathedral of Notre-Dame de Chartres. About 15,000 pilgrims, mostly young families from all over France, participate every year.

Bishops

Notable bishops of Chartres:

Births

Chartres was the birthplace of:

Gallery of Images

17th-Century engraving of Chartres "skyline"

The Cathedral of Notre Dame

The Cathedral of Notre Dame

The Old Town - River Eure

Half-timbered house in the Old Town

Hill of St. Fulbert of Chartres Fulbert of Chartres was the Bishop of the Cathedral of Chartres from 1006 till 1028. Ivo (Yves of Chartres (c 1040 - 23 December 1115 was the Bishop of Chartres during the late 12th century through to the early 13th century and was an important contributor to the understanding John of Salisbury (c 1120 &ndash 1180 English author diplomat and Bishop of Chartres, was born at Salisbury. Erard de la Marck ( May 31, 1472 - March 18, 1538) was Prince-bishop of Liège from 1506 till 1538 Fulcher of Chartres (born around 1059 in or near Chartres) was a chronicler of the First Crusade. The First Crusade was launched in 1095 by Pope Urban II with the dual goals of conquering the sacred city of Jerusalem and the Holy Land and freeing Philippe Desportes (1546 &ndash 5 October 1606) was a French Poet. A poet is a person who writes Poetry. Etymology From the Ancient greek: ποιέω, poieō: "I make or compose" Mathurin Régnier ( December 21, 1573 - October 22, 1613) was a French Satirist. Satire is often strictly defined as a literary genre or form; although in practice it is also found in the graphic and Performing arts In satire human André Félibien (May 1619 - 11 June 1695) sieur des Avaux et de Javercy, was a French chronicler of the arts and official court An architect is a licensed individual who leads a design team in the Planning and Design of buildings and participates in oversight of Building Construction Pierre Nicole ( 1625 - November 16, 1695) was one of the most distinguished of the French Jansenists Born in Chartres Philippe de Courcillon Marquis de Dangeau ( September 21, 1638 - September 9, 1720) was a French officer and author Year 1720 ( MDCCXX) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting An officer is a member of an armed force who holds a position of authority L'Académie française, or the French Academy, is the pre-eminent French learned body on matters pertaining to the French language. Antoine François Desrues (1744 &ndash 1777 was a French Poisoner He was born at Chartres, of humble parents Year 1744 ( MDCCXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1777 ( MDCCLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common In the context of Biology, poisons are substances that can cause damage, Illness, or Death to Organisms usually by Jacques Pierre Brissot (15 January 1754 &ndash 31 October 1793 who assumed the name of de Warville, was a leading member of the Girondist movement during the Year 1754 ( MDCCLIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or Year 1793 ( MDCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Girondists (in French Girondins, and sometimes Brissotins or "Baguettes" were a political faction in France within the Legislative The French Revolution (1789–1799 was a period of political and social upheaval in the History of France, during which the French governmental structure previously an "Pétion" redirects here For the Haitian head of state see Alexandre Pétion. Year 1756 ( MDCCLVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1794 ( MDCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a François Séverin Marceau-Desgraviers ( March 1, 1769 &ndash September 21, 1796) was a French general of the Revolutionary Wars Year 1769 ( MDCCLXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1796 ( MDCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Achille Guenée ( 1 January 1809 - December 30, 1880) was a French lawyer and Entomologist. Year 1809 ( MDCCCIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Year 1880 ( MDCCCLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Entomology (from Greek grc ἔντομος entomos, "that which is cut in pieces or engraved/segmented" hence "insect" and grc -λογία Pierre-Jules Hetzel ( January 15, 1814 &ndash March 17, 1886) was a French editor and publisher Year 1814 ( MDCCCXIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1886 ( MDCCCLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Jacqueline Worms de Romilly (born March 26, 1913) is a French philologist of Jewish ancestry Biography Born in Chartres Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common See Comparative linguistics for the narrower field of "comparative philology" Nicolas Jean-Christophe Escudé (born April 3, 1976 in Chartres) is a former professional Tennis player from France, who turned Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Tennis is a sport played between two players ( singles) or between two teams of two players each ( doubles) Career He began his career in Karting and in 2002 was the French Formula Campus champion A1 Team France is the French team of A1 Grand Prix, an international racing series Formula Nippon is a type of Formula racing and the top level of single-seater racing in Japan. The Super GT series formerly known as the All-Japan Grand Touring Car Championship or JGTC (全日本GT選手権 Zen Nihon GT Sensyuken) is a grand François

View south from the Cathedral

References

External links

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