(1) Charnockite (pronounced /ˈtʃɑrnəkaɪt/) is applied to any orthopyroxene-bearing granite, composed mainly of quartz, perthite or antiperthite and orthopyroxene (usually hypersthene), as an end-member of the charnockite series (Classification of Igneous Rocks, 2nd ed. A dike or dyke in Geology is a type of Sheet intrusion referring to any geologic body that cuts Discordantly ' across planar Anorthosite (æˈnɔrθəsaɪt/ /ə- is a Phaneritic, Intrusive Igneous rock characterized by a predominance of Plagioclase Feldspar is a county in Norway, bordering Hordaland, Telemark, Aust-Agder and Vest-Agder. Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional Quartz (from German) is the most abundant Mineral in the Earth 's Continental crust (although Feldspar is more common in Perthite is used to describe an intergrowth of two Feldspars a host grain of Potassium -rich Alkali feldspar (near K-feldspar KAlSi3O8 The pyroxenes are a group of important rock-forming Silicate minerals found in many Igneous and metamorphic rocks. Hypersthene is a common rock-forming inosilicate Mineral belonging to the group of Orthorhombic Pyroxenes Many references have formally abandoned , 2002, by R. W. Le Maitre et al).
(2) The Charnockite suite or series is a group of igneous rocks, variably metamorphosed of wide distribution and great importance in India, Ceylon, Madagascar and Africa. Igneous rocks (etymology from Latin ignis, fire are rocks formed by solidification of cooled Magma (molten rock Metamorphic rock is the result of the transformation of an existing rock type the protolith, in a process called Metamorphism, which means "change India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ( Sinhalese:, இலங்கை known as Ceylon before 1972 is an Island Madagascar, or Republic of Madagascar (older name Malagasy Republic) is an Island nation in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern
The name was given by Dr T. H. Holland from the fact that the tombstone of Job Charnock, the founder of Calcutta, is made of a block of this rock. Sir Thomas Henry Holland KCSI KCIE ( 22 November 1868 - 15 May 1947) was a British geologist and educational Job Charnock (c 1630-1693 was a servant and administrator of the English East India Company, traditionally regarded as the founder of the city of Calcutta. The charnockite series includes rocks of many different types, some being acid and rich in quartz and microcline, others basic and full of pyroxene and olivine, while there are also intermediate varieties corresponding mineralogically to norites, quartz-norites and diorites. Quartz (from German) is the most abundant Mineral in the Earth 's Continental crust (although Feldspar is more common in See also List of minerals The pyroxenes are a group of important rock-forming Silicate minerals found in many Igneous and metamorphic rocks. The Mineral olivine (when gem-quality also called Peridot) is a Magnesium Iron silicate with the formula ( Mg Norite is a Mafic Intrusive Igneous rock composed largely of the Calcium -rich Plagioclase Labradorite and Hypersthene Diorite (ˈdaɪəraɪt is a grey to dark grey intermediate intrusive Igneous rock composed principally of Plagioclase Feldspar (typically A special feature, recurring in many members of the group, is the presence of strongly pleochroic, reddish or green hypersthene. Pleochroism is an Optical phenomenon in which grains of a rock appear to be different colors when observed at different angles under a Petrographic microscope. Hypersthene is a common rock-forming inosilicate Mineral belonging to the group of Orthorhombic Pyroxenes Many references have formally abandoned They may be named by adding orthopyroxene or specifally hypersthene to the normal igneous nomenclature (e. g. hypersthene-granite), but specific names are in widespread use such as norite, mangerite, enderbite, jotunite, farsundite, opdalite and charnockite (in the strict sense); equivalents of gabbro, monzonite, tonalite, monzodiorite, monzogranite, granodiorite and granite. Mangerite is a Plutonic Intrusive Igneous rock, that is essentially a Hypersthene -bearing Monzonite. In Geology, enderbite is primarily an Igneous rock of the Charnockite series consisting essentially of Quartz, antiperthite (or Perthite Gabbro (ˈɡæbrəʊ is a dark coarse-grained intrusive Igneous rock chemically equivalent to Basalt. Monzonite is an intermediate Igneous Intrusive rock composed of approximately equal amounts of sodic to intermediate Plagioclase and Orthoclase Tonalite is an igneous, Plutonic ( Intrusive) rock, of Felsic composition with Phaneritic texture Monzogranites (MGr are Biotite Granite rocks that are considered to be the final fractionation product of Magma. Granodiorite (ˌgrænəˈdaɪəraɪt/ /ˌgreɪn- is an intrusive Igneous rock similar to Granite, but contains more Plagioclase than Potassium feldspar
Many of the minerals of these rocks are schillerized, as they contain minute platy or rod-shaped inclusions, disposed parallel to certain crystallographic planes or axes. The reflection of light from the surfaces of these inclusions gives the minerals often a peculiar appearance, e. g. the quartz is blue and opalescent, the feldspar has a milky shimmer like moonshine, the hypersthene has a bronzy metalloidal gleam. Feldspar is the name of a group of rock-forming Minerals which make up as much as 60% of the Earth 's crust. Very often the different rock types occur in close association as one set forms bands alternating with another set,or veins traversing it, and where one facies appears the others also usually are found.
The term charnockite in this sense is consequently not the name of a rock, but of an assemblage of rock types, connected in their origin because arising by differentiation of the same parent magma. Magma (Plurals magmas and magmata) is molten rock that sometimes forms beneath the surface of the Earth (or any other Terrestrial planet The banded structure which these rocks commonly present in the field is only in a small measure due to plastic deformation, but is to a large extent original, and has been produced by flow in a viscous crystallizing intrusive magma, together with differentiation or segregation of the mass into bands of different chemical and mineralogical composition. There have also been, of course, earth movements acting on the solid rock at a later time and injection of dikes both parallel to and across the primary foliation.
A striking fact is the very wide distribution of rocks of this group in the southern hemisphere; but they also, or rocks very similar to them, occur in Norway, France, Germany, Scotland and North America, though in these countries they have been mostly described as pyroxene granulites, pyroxene gneisses, anorthosites, &c. Granulites are fine to medium–grained Metamorphic rocks that have experienced high Temperatures of metamorphism composed mainly of Feldspars sometimes associated Anorthosite (æˈnɔrθəsaɪt/ /ə- is a Phaneritic, Intrusive Igneous rock characterized by a predominance of Plagioclase Feldspar They are usually of Proterozoic age (late Precambrian). The Proterozoic (ˌproʊtərəˈzoʊɪk is a geological eon representing a period before the first abundant complex life on Earth. The Precambrian ( Pre-Cambrian) is an informal name for the supereon comprising the eons of the Geologic timescale that came before the current
In India they form the Nilgiri Hills, the Shevaroys, the Biligirirangan Hills[1] and part of the Western Ghats, extending southward to Cape Comorin and reappearing in Ceylon. The Nilgiri (Tamil: நீலகிரி or literally Blue Mountains) often referred to as the Nilgiri Hills, are a range of mountains with at least 24 peaks above Shavaroys is the Anglicised name for the Selvarayan range of hills which lie near the town of Salem in Tamil Nadu, India. Location The hills are in the The Western Ghats ( Kannada ಸಹ್ಯಾದ್ರಿ Marathi / Konkani - सह्याद्री Sahyadri Malayalam സഹ്യപര്വ്വതം For other uses of Kanyakumari, please see Kanyakumari (disambiguation. While, the granulite facies metamorphism is dated as 2. 5 Ga in Nilgiris, Shevroys, Madras (Chennai) regions, the granulite facies event transforming the granitic gneisses into charnockite in the southern part of the South Indian granulite terrain is dated as 550 Ma. Although they are certainly for the most part igneous gneisses (or orthogneisses), rocks occur along with them, such as marbles, scapolite limestones, and corundum rocks, which were probably of sedimentary origin. Marble is a nonfoliated Metamorphic rock resulting from the Metamorphism of Limestone, composed mostly of Calcite (a crystalline form of Scapolite (Gr asairos, rod stone is a group of rock-forming Silicate minerals composed of Aluminium, Calcium and Sodium Silicate Limestone is a Sedimentary rock composed largely of the Mineral Calcite ( Calcium carbonate: CaCO3 Corundum (from Tamil kurundam குருந்தம் or kuruvindam குருவிந்தம் is a Crystalline form of Sedimentary rock is one of the three main rock types (the others being igneous and Metamorphic rock)
References
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
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