Charlottenburg is a locality of Berlin within the borough of Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf, named after Queen Sophia Charlotte (1668-1705). Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. Berlin is both a city and one of Germany's federal states. It is made up of twelve boroughs ( Bezirke in German also known as districts or Localities Charlottenburg Charlottenburg-Nord Grunewald Halensee Sophia Charlotte of Hanover ( 30 October 1668, at Schloss Iburg in Bad Iburg near Osnabrück &ndash 1 February 1705 It is best known for Charlottenburg Palace, the largest surviving royal palace in Berlin, and the adjacent museums. Charlottenburg Palace (German Schloss Charlottenburg) is the largest palace in Berlin and the only building in the city dating back to the time of the Hohenzollern A palace is a grand residence especially the home of a Head of state or some other high-ranking Public figure.
Charlottenburg was an independent city to the west of Berlin until 1920 it was incorporated into "Groß-Berlin" (Greater Berlin) and transformed into a borough. The Greater Berlin Act (Groß-Berlin-Gesetz in full the Law Regarding the Reconstruction of the New Local Authority of Berlin (Gesetz über die Bildung einer neuen Stadtgemeinde In the course of Berlin's 2001 administrative reform it was merged with the former borough of Wilmersdorf becoming a part of a new borough called Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf. Berlin is subdivided into 12 Boroughs ( Bezirke in German) which are administrative units with political Wilmersdorf is a Inner city locality of Berlin, formerly a borough by itself but since Berlin's 2001 administrative reform a part of the new borough Localities Charlottenburg Charlottenburg-Nord Grunewald Halensee Later, in 2004, the new borough's districts were rearranged, dividing the former borough of Charlottenburg into the localities Westend, Charlottenburg-Nord and Charlottenburg. Westend is a locality of the Berlin borough Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf situated on the Spandauer Berg, the northern peak of the Teltow Plateau In addition to that, Charlottenburg features a number of popular kiezes. Kiez (pronounced kiːts is a German word that refers to a City Neighbourhood, a relatively small Community within a larger town
Charlottenburg celebrated its 300th anniversary in 2005.
Contents |
Geography
Charlottenburg is located in Berlin's inner city, west of the Tiergarten park. The inner city is the central area of a major city or metropolis TiergartenViewjpg|thumb|right|View within the Tiergarten]] Tiergarten ( German for Animal Garden) is the name of both a large Park in the Its historic core Alt Lietzow is situated near the river Spree within the Berlin-Warsaw glacial valley. The Spree (ʃpʁeː Sprowja Sprjewja Spréva is a River in Saxony, Brandenburg and Berlin, Germany and in Ústecký Warsaw (Warszawa; also known by other names) is the Capital and Largest city of Poland. In Geology, a valley (also called a vale, dale, glen or strath and near or in Appalachia, a draw) is The Straße des 17. Juni (17th June Street), former Charlottenburger Chaussee, which runs eastwards through the Tiergarten park to Brandenburg Gate, connects Charlottenburg with the historic centre of Berlin-Mitte. The Straße des 17 Juni ( English: 17th June Street is a street in central Berlin, the capital of Germany. The Brandenburg Gate (Brandenburger Tor is a former City gate and one of the main symbols of Berlin and Germany. Localities of the Mitte borough The new borough of Mitte consists of six localities Mitte (the former Mitte borough Moabit Adjacent in the south is the territory of Wilmersdorf. Wilmersdorf is a Inner city locality of Berlin, formerly a borough by itself but since Berlin's 2001 administrative reform a part of the new borough
History
Early settlements
On the land occupied by Charlottenburg there were three settlements in the late middle ages: the farmsteads Lietzow (pronounced leat-tsov) and Casow (pr. A farm is an area of land including various structures devoted primarily to the practice of producing and managing food ( Produce, Grains, or Livestock caasov) and a further settlement called Glienicke (pr. Glienicke may refer to Glienicke Bridge Glienicke Palace (Schloß Glienicke/Nordbahn, to the north of Berlin gleanicke). Although these names are of Slavic origin, the settlements are likely to have had a mixed Slavic and German population. The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as
Lietzow (also called Lietze, Lutze, Lutzen, Lütze, Lützow, Lusze and Lucene) is first documented in 1239, and was in the area of the present day Alt-Lietzow Street behind the town hall. A city hall or town hall is the chief administrative building of a City or Town 's administration and usually houses the city or Casow laid opposite of Lietzow, on the other side of the Spree river. In 1315, Lietzow and Casow became the property of the Sankt Marien nunnery in Spandau. An abbey (from Latin abbatia derived from Syriac abba "father" is a Christian Monastery or For the Spandau machine gun see Maschinengewehr 08. For the 1980s New Romantic group see Spandau Ballet. As a result, the Lietzow farmstead probably was expanded to a village. In the course of the Reformation, Elector Joachim II Hector of Brandenburg confiscated the estates and dissolved the nunnery in 1558. The Protestant Reformation was a reform movement in Europe that began in 1517 though its roots lie further back in time Joachim II Hector (Joachim II Hector or Hektor; 13 January 1505 &ndash 3 January 1571) was a Prince-elector of the
While Lietzow has been populated continuously, Casow and Glienicke were abandoned. From old field names it is believed that Glienicke lay in the area of the present day streets Kantstraße, Fasanenstraße, Kurfürstendamm and Uhlandstraße at the former Gliniker Lake (now dry, there's another Glienicke Lake in theWannsee locality). The Kurfürstendamm, known locally as the Ku'damm, is one of the most famous avenues in Berlin, Germany. Glienicke may refer to Glienicke Bridge Glienicke Palace (Schloß Glienicke/Nordbahn, to the north of Berlin The Wannsee is both a locality in the southwestern Berlin borough of Steglitz-Zehlendorf, Germany, and a linked pair of Lakes adjoining
The development of Lietzow is well documented. For more than four hundred years, members of the Berendt family were mayors and thus had to pay lower taxes. Ecclestiastically, Lietzow came under the pastor of Wilmersdorf, who reached it from there by the so-called 'Priesterweg' (priest's way), on the line of the streets now called Leibnizstraße, Konstanzer Straße and Brandenburgische Straße. Wilmersdorf is a Inner city locality of Berlin, formerly a borough by itself but since Berlin's 2001 administrative reform a part of the new borough
Charlottenburg palace
In 1695, Sophia Charlotte of Hanover received Lietzow from her husband Frederick of Prussia, in exchange for her estates in Caputh and Langerwisch, near Potsdam. Charlottenburg Palace (German Schloss Charlottenburg) is the largest palace in Berlin and the only building in the city dating back to the time of the Hohenzollern Sophia Charlotte of Hanover ( 30 October 1668, at Schloss Iburg in Bad Iburg near Osnabrück &ndash 1 February 1705 Biography Born in Königsberg, he was the third son of Frederick William Elector of Brandenburg by his father's first marriage to Louise Henriette Schwielowsee is a municipality in the Potsdam-Mittelmark district in Brandenburg, Germany. Also see Potsdam New York (in the USA For the Potsdam Conference see Potsdam Conference.
There Frederick, at this time still Elector Frederick III of Brandenburg, had a summer residence built for his wife Sophie Charlotte by the architect Johann Arnold Nering between 1695 and 1699. The Prince-Electors (or simply Electors) of the Holy Roman Empire ( German: Kurfürst ( pl This article lists the Margraves and Electors of Brandenburg during the period of time that Brandenburg was a constituent state of the Holy Roman Empire After Frederick became the first Prussian King in 1701 (Frederick I of Prussia), the palace was extended into a stately building with a cours d'honneur. Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state This work was supervised by the Swedish master builder Johann Friedrich Eosander. Shortly after the death of Sophie Charlotte, the settlement facing the palace was called Charlottenburg - the palace itself Schloss Charlottenburg - and chartered as a town on April 5, 1705. German town law (Deutsches Stadtrecht or German municipal concerns ( Deutsches Städtewesen) concerns Town privileges used by many cities towns and villages The king was the town's mayor until the historic village of Lietzow was incorporated into Charlottenburg in 1720.
Frederick's successor, Frederick William I of Prussia, rarely stayed at the palace, which depressed the small town of Charlottenburg. Frederick William I (Friedrich Wilhelm I ( August 14, 1688 &ndash May 31, 1740) of the House of Hohenzollern, was the King Frederick William even tried to revoke the town's privileges. It was not until 1740, at the coronation of his successor Frederick II, that the town's significance increased, as regular celebrations were held again at the palace. Frederick II (Friedrich II January 24 1712 August 17 1786) was a King of Prussia (1740&ndash1786 from the The eastern New Wing was built by Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff between 1740 and 1747 as Frederick the Great's residence. Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff (17 February 1699 at Kuckädel in Crossen an der Oder ( Krosno Odrzańskie) – 16 September 1753 in Berlin) was a painter Year 1740 ( MDCCXL) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap Year 1747 ( MDCCXLVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Frederick II (Friedrich II January 24 1712 August 17 1786) was a King of Prussia (1740&ndash1786 from the Later, Frederick II preferred the palace of Sanssouci, which he had partly designed himself. Sanssouci is the former summer palace of Frederick the Great, King of Prussia, at Potsdam, near
When Frederick II died in 1786, his nephew Frederick William II succeeded him, and Charlottenburg became his favourite residence, as it was for his son and successor Frederick William III. Frederick William II (Friedrich Wilhelm II September 25 1744 &ndash November 16 1797) was the fourth King of Prussia, reigning from Early life The son of King Frederick William II of Prussia, Frederick William was born in Potsdam and became Crown Prince in 1786 when his father ascended After the defeat of the Prussian army at Jena in 1806, Charlottenburg was occupied by the French. The twin battles of Jena and Auerstedt (older name Auerstädt were fought on October 14, 1806 on the plateau west of the river Saale Napoleon occupied the palace, while his troops made camp nearby. Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. A military camp or bivouac is a semi-permanent facility for the lodging of an Army.
Recreational and residential area
In the late 18th century, Charlottenburg's development did not depend only on the crown. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system The town became a recreational area for the expanding city of Berlin. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. Its first true inn opened in the 1770s, in the street then called Berliner Straße (now Otto-Suhr-Allee), and many other inns and beer gardens were to follow, popular for weekend parties especially. Beer garden derieves from the German name "Biergarten" and is an open-air area where beverages (preferably beer and prepared food are served Berliners seeking leisure and entertainment came by boat, by carriage and later by horse-drawn trams, above all to a large amusement park at the shore of the Spree river called Flora, that went into bankruptcy in 1904. Leisure or free time, is a period of Time spent out of work and essential domestic Activity. See also Entertainment (disambiguation and The Entertainer (disambiguation Entertainment is an activity designed to give people A boat is a Watercraft of modest size designed to float or plane on water and provide transport over it A carriage is a wheeled vehicle for people usually horse-drawn A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railborne vehicle, of lighter weight and construction than a Train Theme park is the generic term for a collection of rides and other Entertainment attractions assembled for the purpose of entertaining a large group Bankruptcy is a legally declared inability or impairment of ability of an individual or organization to pay their Creditors Creditors may file a bankruptcy petition against
From the 1860s on the wealthy Bourgeoisie of Berlin discovered Charlottenburg as a residential area, among the first was Ernst Werner von Siemens, who had a villa built in the Berliner Straße in 1862. Ernst Werner von Siemens (known as Werner von Siemens) ( December 13, 1816 &ndash December 6, 1892) was a German Inventor A villa was originally an Upper-class Country house, though since its origins in Roman times the idea and function of a villa has evolved considerably At the same time industrial companies like the Siemens AG and Schering erected large factories in the north-east, at the border to the City of Berlin. For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" Schering AG was a research-centered German Pharmaceutical company. In 1877 Charlottenburg received town privileges and until World War I saw an enormous increase of population with 100,000 inhabitants as of 1893 and a population of 306,000 in 1920, being the second largest city within the Province of Brandenburg, after Berlin. 'City rights' redirects here See also Municipal charter. Town privileges were important features of European Towns during World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All } The Province of Brandenburg (Provinz Brandenburg was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia and the Free State of Prussia from 1815 to 1946
The development was accompanied by an urban planning of broad streets and sidewalks, parks and spacious residential buildings, especially around the southern Kurfürstendamm area, which enabled large parts of Charlottenburg to preserve their affluent residential character. The Kurfürstendamm, known locally as the Ku'damm, is one of the most famous avenues in Berlin, Germany. "The richest town of Prussia" established a Royal Technical College in 1879 (which later became the Technical University), a new town hall with a 88 m/ 289 ft tall spire on the occasion of its 200-year jubilee in 1905 and an opera house in 1912. A city hall or town hall is the chief administrative building of a City or Town 's administration and usually houses the city or An opera house is a theater building used for Opera performances that consists of a stage an orchestra pit audience seating and backstage facilities for costumes The history of Charlottenburg as a municipality in its own right ended by the Greater Berlin Act of October 1, 1920, when the town became a part of Berlin. The Greater Berlin Act (Groß-Berlin-Gesetz in full the Law Regarding the Reconstruction of the New Local Authority of Berlin (Gesetz über die Bildung einer neuen Stadtgemeinde
Sights
Beside the palace, Charlottenburg is also home to:
- the old and new Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church on the Breitscheidplatz, built in 1895 by Franz Schwechten and in 1961 by Egon Eiermann, the fomer West Berlin landmark
- the Europa-Center, Berlin's first shopping mall opened in 1965
- Bahnhof Zoo, the main railway station in Berlin until the opening of Berlin Hauptbahnhof in 2006
- Kurfürstendamm avenue, first laid out about 1542, today together with the Tauentzienstraße Berlin's main shopping area
- Technical University of Berlin with about 27,000 students, founded in 1879
- Berlin University of the Arts with about 4,500 students
- Charlottenburg town hall, built in 1905
- Luisenkirche on Gierkeplatz, built in 1823 by Karl Friedrich Schinkel
Theatres
- Deutsche Oper Berlin on Bismarckstraße street, opened in 1912, one of the three Berlin opera houses with relief in memory of Benno Ohnesorg by Alfred Hrdlicka, 1971 (installed in 1990)
- Theater des Westens musical theatre on Kantstraße, built in 1896
- Renaissance-Theater on Hardenbergstraße, 1902, rebuilt in Art deco design by Oskar Kaufmann in 1927
- Schillertheater by Max Littmann, 1906
- Tribüne theatre, 1919
- Theater am Kurfürstendamm, 1921
Museums
- Museum Berggruen for classic modern art
- Museum Scharf-Gerstenberg for surrealist art
both located in the former Garde du Corps barracks at Charlottenburg Palace, built by Friedrich August Stüler 1859
- Museum für Vor- und Frühgeschichte (Museum for Pre- and Early History)
- Museum of Photography and Helmut Newton Foundation, next to Bahnhof Zoo
- Bröhan Museum for Art Nouveau and Art Deco
- Literaturhaus Berlin and
- Käthe Kollwitz Museum on Fasanenstraße
- Gipsformerei (Replica workshop) of the Berlin State Museums
- Beate Uhse Erotic Museum
External links
The Protestant Kaiser William Memorial Church (in German Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gedächtniskirche) is located in Berlin on the Kurfürstendamm in the Breitscheidplatz is a major public square in the western part of Berlin Germany. Franz Heinrich Schwechten ( 12 August 1841 &ndash 11 August 1924) was one of the most famous German Architects of his time Egon Eiermann ( September 29, 1904, Neuendorf – July 20, 1970, Baden-Baden) was one of Germany 's most prominent West Berlin was the name given to the western part of Berlin between 1949 and 1990 The Europa-Center is a building complex on the Breitscheidplatz in Berlin, notable for its High-rise tower A shopping mall or shopping centre is a building or set of buildings that contain Retail units with interconnecting Walkways enabling visitors Bahnhof Berlin Zoologischer Garten ( German for Berlin Zoological Garden railway station short form Berlin Zoo or colloquially Bahnhof Zoo) was the central or Berlin Central Station, is the main Railway station in Berlin, Germany and the largest crossing station in Europe. The Kurfürstendamm, known locally as the Ku'damm, is one of the most famous avenues in Berlin, Germany. Tauentzienstraße is a major shopping street in the western part of Berlin Germany. Shopping is the examining of Goods or services from Retailers with intent to purchase at that time The Technical University of Berlin ( Berlin Institute of Technology, TUB, TU Berlin, German Technische Universität Berlin) is located The Universität der Künste Berlin UdK ( Berlin University of the Arts) is a German university founded in 1975 with the merger of the Berlin State Karl Friedrich Schinkel ( March 13, 1781 – October 9, 1841) was a German Architect The Deutsche Oper Berlin is an Opera company located in Berlin, Germany, in what was formerly West Berlin. An opera house is a theater building used for Opera performances that consists of a stage an orchestra pit audience seating and backstage facilities for costumes A relief is a Sculptured Artwork where a modeled form is raised (or alternatively lowered from a flattened background without being disconnected from it Alfred Hrdlicka ˈhʁdlɪtʃka}} (born 27 February 1928 in Vienna) is an Austrian sculptor, draughtsman, painter Musical theatre is a form of Theatre combining Music, Songs spoken Dialogue and Dance. Art Deco was a popular international design movement from 1925 until 1939 affecting the decorative arts such as Architecture, Interior design, and Industrial Oskar Kaufmann ( February 2, 1873, Újszentanna/Neu Sankt Anna (today Sântana) near Arad, Romania - September 8, Max Littmann ( January 3, 1862 - September 20, 1931) was a German Architect. Heinz Berggruen ( January 5, 1914 - February 23, 2007) was a German Art dealer and collector who founded the Berggruen Museum History of Modern art Roots in the 19th century Although modern Sculpture and Architecture are reckoned to have emerged at the end of the nineteenth Surrealism is a cultural movement that began in the early-1920s and is best known for the visual artworks and writings of the group members The Garde du Corps was the personal bodyguard of the king of Prussia and after 1871 the German emperor (in German Kaiser) Barracks are living quarters for personnel on a Military post Friedrich August Stüler ( January 28, 1800 &ndash March 18, 1865) was an influential Prussian Architect and builder The Museum für Vor- und Frühgeschichte ( "Museum for prehistory and early history") part of the Berlin State Museums, is one of major archaeological Stone Age Paleolithic See also Paleolithic, Recent African Origin, Early Homo sapiens, Early human migrations "Paleolithic" The Museum of Photography (German Museum für Fotografie) in Berlin, Germany, is one of the Berlin State Museums administered by the Prussian Helmut Newton, born Helmut Neustädter ( October 31, 1920, Berlin, Germany &ndash January 23, 2004, West Art Nouveau ( nu vo anglicised /ˈɑːt nuːvəu/ ( French for 'new art' also known as Jugendstil ( German for 'youth style' is an international Art Deco was a popular international design movement from 1925 until 1939 affecting the decorative arts such as Architecture, Interior design, and Industrial Käthe Schmidt Kollwitz ( July 8, 1867 – April 22, 1945) was a German painter, Printmaker, and Sculptor A replica is a copy that is relatively indistinguishable from the original The Berlin State Museums (German Staatlichen Museen zu Berlin) are a group of museums in Berlin, Germany overseen by the Prussian Cultural Heritage The Beate Uhse Erotic Museum ( Beate Uhse Erotik-Museum) in Berlin, Germany, opened in 1996.Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic