Charles the Bold
Duke of Burgundy, Brabant, Guelders, Limburg, Lothier and Luxembourg, Margrave of Namur, Count of Artois, Charolais, Flanders, Hainault, Holland, Zeeland and Zutphen, Count Palatine of Burgundy
Rogier van der Weyden painted Charles the Bold in about 1460, wearing the Order of the Golden Fleece
Reign	15 June 1467–5 January 1477
Full name	Charles Martin de Bourgogne
Titles	Duke of Burgundy, Count of Artois, Flanders, Count Palatine of Burgundy, &c (15 June 1467–5 January 1477) Count of Charolais (1433–5 January 1477) Duke of Guelders, Count of Zutphen (23 February 1473–5 January 1477)
Born	21 November 1433
Birthplace	Dijon, Burgundy
Died	5 January 1477
Place of death	Nancy, Lorraine
Predecessor	Philip the Good
Successor	Mary the Rich
Consort	Catherine of France (1428–1446) Isabella of Bourbon (1436–1465) Margaret of York (1446–1503)
Issue	Mary (1457–1482)
Royal House	House of Valois
Father	Philip the Good (1396-1467)
Mother	Isabel of Portugal (1397-1471)

Charles the Bold or Charles the Rash (French: Charles le Téméraire)^[1], also Charles, Duke of Burgundy, baptised Charles Martin de Bourgogne (21 November 1433 – 5 January 1477) was Duke of Burgundy from 1467 to 1477. Rogier van der Weyden, also known as Rogier de le Pasture (1399/1400 &ndash June 18, 1464) is with Jan van Eyck, considered one of the The Order of the Golden Fleece (Orden del Toisón de Oro is an Order of chivalry founded in 1430 by Duke Philip III of Burgundy to celebrate his marriage Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France. Duke of Burgundy was a title borne by the rulers of the Duchy of Burgundy, a small portion of traditional lands of Burgundians west of river Saône which counts of Artois (French Comtes d'Artois Dutch Graven van Artesië were the Rulers over the County of Artois from the 9th century until the abolition counts of Flanders were the Rulers over the county of Flanders from the 9th century until the abolition of the Countship by the French revolutionaries This is a list of the counts of Burgundy, ie of the region known as Franche-Comté not to be confused with the Duchy of Burgundy, from 867 to 1678 Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France. Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France. This article deals with the rulers of the historical county and duchy of Guelders for other meanings see Guelders. The title of Count of Zutphen historically belonged to the ruler of the Dutch province of Gelderland ( Zutphen being one of the major cities in the Events 1455 - Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western Book printed from Movable Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France. Events 164 BC - Judas Maccabaeus, son of Mattathias of the Hasmonean family restores the Temple in Jerusalem. Dijon ( diʒɔ̃ is a city in eastern France, the capital of the Côte-d'Or departement and of the Bourgogne region Burgundy (Bourgogne Burgund is a region historically situated in modern-day France and Switzerland, inhabited in turn by Celts ( Gauls) Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France. Nancy (nɑ̃si archaic Nanzig Nanzeg is a city and commune in the Lorraine région of northeastern France Lorraine (Lorraine Lothringen is a historical area in present-day northeast France. Philip the Good (Philippe le Bon also Philip III Duke of Burgundy ( July 31, 1396 &ndash June 15, 1467) was Duke of Burgundy Mary, called Mary the Rich ( 13 February, 1457 &ndash Catherine of Valois (1428 &ndash 13 July 1446) was the fourth child and second daughter of Charles VII of France and Marie of Anjou. Not to be confused with Elisabeth of Bourbon daughter of Henri IV and Marie de Medici Isabella of Bourbon (1436 &ndash September 25 1500 Margaret of York ( May 3, 1446 &ndash November 23, 1503) &ndash also by marriage known as Margaret of Burgundy &ndash was a Mary, called Mary the Rich ( 13 February, 1457 &ndash See also France in the Middle Ages, Early Modern France Unexpected inheritance The Capetian dynasty seemed secure both during and Philip the Good (Philippe le Bon also Philip III Duke of Burgundy ( July 31, 1396 &ndash June 15, 1467) was Duke of Burgundy Other people with the same name include Isabella of Portugal (1503-1539. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Events 164 BC - Judas Maccabaeus, son of Mattathias of the Hasmonean family restores the Temple in Jerusalem. Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France. Duke of Burgundy was a title borne by the rulers of the Duchy of Burgundy, a small portion of traditional lands of Burgundians west of river Saône which

Known as Charles the Terrible to his enemies^[2], he was the last Valois Duke of Burgundy and his early death was a pivotal, if under-recognised, moment in European history. See also France in the Middle Ages, Early Modern France Unexpected inheritance The Capetian dynasty seemed secure both during and Burgundy (Bourgogne Burgund is a region historically situated in modern-day France and Switzerland, inhabited in turn by Celts ( Gauls)

After his death, his domains began an inevitable slide towards division between France and the Habsburgs (who through marriage to his heiress Mary of Burgundy became his heirs). Mary, called Mary the Rich ( 13 February, 1457 &ndash Neither side was satisfied with the results and the disintegration of the Burgundian state was a factor in most major wars in Western Europe for over two centuries.

Contents 1 History 1.1 Early life and family 1.2 Early battles 1.3 Treaty of Péronne 1.4 Domestic policies 1.5 Building a kingdom 1.6 Downfall 1.7 Death at Nancy 1.8 Legacy 2 Ancestors 3 Titles 4 See also 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External links

History

Early life and family

Charles the Bold was born in Dijon, the son of Philip the Good and Isabel of Portugal. Dijon ( diʒɔ̃ is a city in eastern France, the capital of the Côte-d'Or departement and of the Bourgogne region Philip the Good (Philippe le Bon also Philip III Duke of Burgundy ( July 31, 1396 &ndash June 15, 1467) was Duke of Burgundy Other people with the same name include Isabella of Portugal (1503-1539. In his father's lifetime (1433-1467) he bore the title of Count of Charolais; afterwards, he assumed all of his father's titles, including that of "Grand Duke of the West". He was also made a Knight of the Golden Fleece just twenty days after his birth, being invested by Charles I, Count of Nevers and the seigneur de Croÿ. The Order of the Golden Fleece (Orden del Toisón de Oro is an Order of chivalry founded in 1430 by Duke Philip III of Burgundy to celebrate his marriage Charles I Count of Nevers (1414 &ndash May 25, 1464) Count of Nevers and Rethel was the son of Philip II Count of Nevers and Bonne d'Artois The House of Croÿ is an international family of European Mediatized nobility which held a seat in the Imperial Diet from 1486 and was elevated to the rank of

He was brought up under the direction of the Seigneur d'Auxy, and early showed great application to study and also to warlike exercises. Auxy is the name or part of the name of the following communes in France Auxy Loiret, in the Loiret department Auxy Saône-et-Loire His father's court was the most extravagant in Europe at the time, and a centre for arts and commerce. While he was growing up, Charles witnessed his father's efforts to unite his increasing dominions in a single state, and his own later efforts centered on continuing and securing his father's successes.

In 1440, at the age of seven, Charles was married to Catherine, daughter of Charles VII, the King of France, and sister of the Dauphin (afterwards Louis XI). Rogier van der Weyden, also known as Rogier de le Pasture (1399/1400 &ndash June 18, 1464) is with Jan van Eyck, considered one of the Charles VII (22 February 1403 – 22 July 1461 called the Victorious (le Victorieux or the Well-Served (le Bien-Servi was King of France from 1422 The Dauphin of France (Dauphin de France—strictly Dauphin of Viennois ( Dauphin de Viennois)—was the title given to the Heir apparent of the Louis XI ( July 3, 1423 – August 30, 1483) called the Prudent (le Prudent and the Universal Spider ( Middle She was only five years older than her husband, and she died in 1446 at the age of 18. They had no children.

In 1454, at the age of 21, having been a widower for eight years, Charles married a second time. He wanted to marry a daughter of his cousin, the Duke of York (sister of Kings Edward IV and Richard III of England), but under the Treaty of Arras (1435), he was required to marry only a royal princess of France. Richard Plantagenet 3rd Duke of York ( 21 September 1411 &ndash 30 December 1460) was a member of the English royal family who served in senior Edward IV ( 28 April 1442 – 9 April 1483) was King of England from 4 March 1461 until 2 October Richard III ( 2 October 1452 &ndash 22 August 1485) was King of England from 1483 until his death His father chose Isabella of Bourbon for him: she was the daughter of Philip the Good's sister, and a very distant cousin of Charles VII of France. Not to be confused with Elisabeth of Bourbon daughter of Henri IV and Marie de Medici Isabella of Bourbon (1436 &ndash September 25 1500 Their daughter, Mary, was Charles' only surviving child, and became heiress to all of the Burgundian domains. Mary, called Mary the Rich ( 13 February, 1457 &ndash Isabella died in 1465.

Charles was on familiar terms with his brother-in-law, the Dauphin, when the latter was a refugee at the Court of Burgundy from 1456 until Louis succeeded his father as King of France in 1461. The Dauphin of France (Dauphin de France—strictly Dauphin of Viennois ( Dauphin de Viennois)—was the title given to the Heir apparent of the Burgundy (Bourgogne Burgund is a region historically situated in modern-day France and Switzerland, inhabited in turn by Celts ( Gauls) But Louis began to pursue some of the same policies as his father; Charles viewed with chagrin Louis's later repurchase of the towns on the Somme, which Louis's father had ceded in 1435 to Charles's father in the Treaty of Arras. The Congress of Arras was a diplomatic congregation established in Arras in 1435 between representatives of England, France, and Burgundy When his own father's failing health enabled him to take into his hands the reins of government (which Philip relinquished to him completely by an act of 12 April 1465), he entered upon his lifelong struggle against Louis XI, and became one of the principal leaders of the League of the Public Weal. Events 467 - Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. The Burgundian Wars were a conflict between the Dukes of Burgundy and the Kings of France, later involving the Old Swiss Confederacy, which would play a The League of the Public Weal was an alliance of feudal nobles organized in 1465 in defiance of the centralized authority of King Louis XI of France.

For his third wife, Charles was offered the hand of Louis XI's daughter, Anne; however, the wife he ultimately chose was Margaret of York (who was his second cousin, they both being descended from John of Gaunt). Anne of France (or Anne of Beaujeu) ( Genappe, 3 April 1461 &ndash 14 November 1522, Chantelle) was the Margaret of York ( May 3, 1446 &ndash November 23, 1503) &ndash also by marriage known as Margaret of Burgundy &ndash was a John of Gaunt 1st Duke of Lancaster (second creation 1st Duke of Aquitaine (6 March 1340 &ndash 3 February 1399 was a member of the House of Plantagenet, the third With his father gone, and being no longer bound by the Treaty of Arras, Charles decided to ally himself with Burgundy's old ally England. Louis did his best to prevent or delay the marriage (even sending French ships to waylay Margaret as she sailed to Sluys), but in the summer of 1468 it was celebrated sumptuously at Bruges, and Charles was made a Knight of the Garter. Bruges (Brugge is the capital and largest city of the province of West Flanders in the Flemish Region of Belgium. The couple had no children, but Margaret devoted herself to her stepdaughter Mary; and after Mary's untimely death many years later, she kept Mary's two infant children as long as she was allowed. Margaret survived her husband, and was the only one of his wives to be Duchess of Burgundy, the first two wives having died while Philip, Duke of Burgundy, was still alive, and thus being known as Countesses of Charolais.

Early battles

On 12 April 1465, Philip relinquished government to Charles, who spent the next summer prosecuting the War of the Public Weal against Louis XI. Events 467 - Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. The Mad War ( guerre folle in French is the name traditionally given by French historians to a late Medieval conflict between a coalition of feudal lords and the French monarchy Charles was left master of the field at the Battle of Montlhéry (13 July 1465), where he was wounded, but this neither prevented the King from re-entering Paris nor assured Charles a decisive victory. Events 1174 - William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173-1174, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city He succeeded, however, in forcing upon Louis the Treaty of Conflans (4 October 1465), by which the King restored to him the towns on the Somme, the counties of Boulogne and Guînes, and various other small territories. The Treaty of Conflans (or the Peace of Conflans) was signed on October 1465 between King Louis XI of France and Count Charles of Charolais. The Somme is a department of France, located in the north of the country and named after the Somme river. Boulogne-sur-Mer ( Bonen in Dutch is a City in Northern France. This is for the commune in France For the city in Cuba see Güines. During the negotiations for the Treaty, his wife Isabella died suddenly at Les Quesnoy on 25 September, making a political marriage suddenly possible. As part of the treaty Louis promised him the hand of his infant daughter Anne, with Champagne and Ponthieu as dowry, but no marriage took place. Champagne is a historic province in the northeast of France, best known for the production of the sparkling white wine that bears the region's name Ponthieu is a former province of northern France. Its chief town is Abbeville. A dowry (also known as trousseau or tocher) is the money goods or estate that a woman brings to her soon to be husband in marriage

In the meanwhile, Charles obtained the surrender of Ponthieu. Ponthieu is a former province of northern France. Its chief town is Abbeville. The revolt of Liège against his father and his brother in law, Louis of Bourbon, the Prince-Bishop of Liège, and a desire to punish the town of Dinant, intervened to divert his attention from the affairs of France. Liège (ljɛːʒ Older English: Luick, Walloon: Lidje, German: Lüttich; Latin: Leodium, Dutch Louis de Bourbon (1438-1482 was Prince-Bishop of Liège from 1456 The Bishopric of Liège or Prince-Bishopric of Liège was a state of the Holy Roman Empire in the Low Countries in present Belgium ||-||-||} Dinant is a Walloon City and municipality located on the River Meuse in the Belgian province of Namur During the previous summer's wars, Dinant had celebrated a false rumour that Charles had been defeated at Montlheury by burning him in effigy, and chanting that he was the bastard of Duchess Isabel and John of Heinsburg, the previous Bishop of Liege (d. 1455). On 25 August 1466, Charles marched into Dinant, determined to avenge this slur on the honour of his mother, and sacked the city, killing every man, woman and child within; perhaps not surprisingly, he also successfully negotiated at the same time with the Bishopric of Liège. Events 1248 - The Dutch city of Ommen receives city rights and fortification rights from Otto III the The Bishopric of Liège or Prince-Bishopric of Liège was a state of the Holy Roman Empire in the Low Countries in present Belgium After the death of his father, Philip the Good (June 15, 1467), the Bishopric of Liège renewed hostilities, but Charles defeated them at Sint-Truiden, and made a victorious entry into Liège, whose walls he dismantled and deprived the city of some of its privileges. Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history Sint-Truiden (Saint-Trond is a City and municipality located in the province of Limburg, Flemish Region, Belgium,

Treaty of Péronne

Main article: Treaty of Péronne

Alarmed by these early successes of the new Duke of Burgundy, and anxious to settle various questions relating to the execution of the treaty of Conflans, Louis requested a meeting with Charles and daringly placed himself in his hands at Péronne. In the course of the negotiations the Duke was informed of a fresh revolt of the Bishopric of Liège secretly fomented by Louis. The Bishopric of Liège or Prince-Bishopric of Liège was a state of the Holy Roman Empire in the Low Countries in present Belgium After deliberating for four days how to deal with his adversary, who had thus maladroitly placed himself at his mercy, Charles decided to respect the parole he had given and to negotiate with Louis (October 1468), at the same time forcing him to assist in quelling the revolt. The town was carried by assault and the inhabitants were massacred, Louis not intervening on behalf of his former allies.

At the expiry of the one year's truce which followed the Treaty of Péronne, the King accused Charles of treason, cited him to appear before the parlement, and seized some of the towns on the Somme (1471). In Law, treason is the Crime that covers some of the more serious acts of disloyalty to one's sovereign or Nation. This article is for the Ancien Régime institution For the post-Revolutionary and present-day institution see French Parliament. The Duke retaliated by invading France with a large army, taking possession of Nesle and massacring its inhabitants. Nesle is a commune in the Somme département in the Picardie region of France. He failed, however, in an attack on Beauvais, and had to content himself with ravaging the country as far as Rouen, eventually retiring without having attained any useful result. Beauvais is a town and commune of northern France, Préfecture (capital of the Oise département. Rouen (ʁwɑ̃ in French) is the historical capital city of Normandy, in northwestern France on the River Seine, and currently the capital

Domestic policies

Other matters, moreover, engaged his attention. Relinquishing, if not the stately magnificence, at least some of the extravagance which had characterized the court of Burgundy under his father, he had bent all his efforts towards the development of his military and political power. Since the beginning of his reign he had employed himself in reorganizing his army and the administration of his territories. While retaining the principles of feudal recruiting, he had endeavoured to establish a system of rigid discipline among his troops, which he had strengthened by taking into his pay foreign mercenaries, particularly Englishmen and Italians, and by developing his artillery. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Artillery (from French artillerie) is a military Combat Arm which employs any apparātus machine

Building a kingdom

Furthermore, he had lost no opportunity of extending his power. In 1469, the Archduke of Austria, Sigismund, had sold him the county of Ferrette, the Landgraviate of Alsace, and some other towns, reserving to himself the right to repurchase. The title of Archduke (feminine Archduchess) ( German: Erzherzog, feminine -also spousal- form Erzherzogin) denotes a rank above Duke Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Sigismund of Austria, Duke, then Archduke of Further Austria ( October 26, 1427 &ndash March 4, 1496) was a Ferrette is a Village and commune in the Haut-Rhin département of north-eastern France. Alsace (Alsace alzas Alsatian and Elsass pre-1996 German: Elsaß; Alsatia is one of the 26 Regions of France, located on the eastern

In October 1470, his brother in law, Edward IV of England, the King of England, and many Yorkist followers, took refuge in the Burgundian Court while the deposed Henry VI was placed back on the throne in the Readeption of Henry VI. Edward IV ( 28 April 1442 – 9 April 1483) was King of England from 4 March 1461 until 2 October The House of York was a branch of the English royal House of Plantagenet, three of whom became English kings in the late 15th century Henry VI (6 December 1421 &ndash 21 May 1471 was King of England 1422–1461 (though with a Regent until 1437 and then 1470–1471 and a claimant to the kingdom The Readeption is the technical term given to the restoration of Henry VI of England to the throne of England The following March, with Burgundian support, Edward landed back in England and by May had reclaimed the crown.

In 1472-1473, Charles bought the reversion of the Duchy of Guelders (ie the right to succeed to it) from its old Duke, Arnold, whom he had supported against the rebellion of his son. This article deals with the historical county and duchy of Guelders for other meanings see Gelderland. Arnold of Egmond (1410 &ndash February 23 1473) was Duke of Guelders, Count of Zutphen. Not content with being "the Grand Duke of the West," he conceived the project of forming a kingdom of Burgundy or Arles with himself as independent sovereign, and even persuaded the Emperor Frederick to assent to crown him king at Trier. Frederick III of Habsburg ( September 21 1415 &ndash August 19, 1493) was elected as German King as the successor of Trier (Trèves Luxembourgish: Tréier; Augusta Treverorum is a City in Germany on the banks of the Moselle River. The ceremony, however, did not take place owing to the Emperor's precipitate flight by night (September 1473), occasioned by his displeasure at the Duke's attitude.

Downfall

In the following year Charles involved himself in a series of difficulties and struggles which ultimately brought about his downfall. He embroiled himself successively with the Archduke Sigismund of Austria, to whom he refused to restore his possessions in Alsace for the stipulated sum; with the Swiss, who supported the free towns of Upper Rhine in their revolt against the tyranny of the ducal governor, Peter von Hagenbach (who was condemned by a special international tribunal and executed on May 9, 1474); and finally, with René II, Duke of Lorraine, with whom he disputed the succession of Lorraine, the possession of which had united the two principal portions of Charles's territories— Flanders and the Low Countries and the Duchy and County of Burgundy. Sigismund of Austria, Duke, then Archduke of Further Austria ( October 26, 1427 &ndash March 4, 1496) was a The growth of the Old Swiss Confederacy began as an alliance between the communities of the valleys in the Central Alps to facilitate the management of common interests such The Burgundian Wars were a conflict between the Dukes of Burgundy and the Kings of France, later involving the Old Swiss Confederacy, which would play a Events 1457 BC - Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC between Thutmose III and a large Canaanite coalition under the King of René II ( May 2 1451 &ndash December 10 1508) was Count of Vaudémont from 1470 Duke of Lorraine from 1473 and Duke of Bar Lorraine (Lorraine Lothringen is a historical area in present-day northeast France. Flanders (Vlaanderen Flandre Flandern is a geographical region located in parts of present day Belgium, France, and the Netherlands. The Low Countries, the historical region of de Nederlanden, are the countries on low-lying land around the delta of the Rhine, Scheldt The Duchy of Burgundy was a feudal territory once existing within the Kingdom of France. The Free County of Burgundy, in German Freigrafschaft Burgund, was a Medieval County (from 867 to 1678 AD within the traditional province and modern French All these enemies, incited and supported as they were by Louis, were not long in joining forces against their common adversary.

Charles suffered a first rebuff in endeavouring to protect his kinsman, Rupprecht of the Palatinate, Archbishop of Cologne, against his rebel subjects. Bishops and Archbishops of Cologne Bishops of Colonia Agrippina, 88–784 All names before Maternus ('II' are to be approached with considerable He spent ten months (July 1474 – June 1475) besieging the little town of Neuss on the Rhine (the Siege of Neuss), but was compelled by the approach of a powerful imperial army to raise the siege. Neuss (ˈnɔʏs is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The Rhine (Rhein Rijn Rhin Reno Rain Rhenus is one of the longest and most important Rivers in Europe at 1320 kilometres (820 mi with an average discharge The Siege of Neuss, from 1473 &ndash 1474, was part of the Burgundian Wars. Moreover, the expedition he had persuaded his brother-in-law, Edward IV of England, to undertake against Louis was stopped by the Treaty of Picquigny (29 August 1475). Edward IV ( 28 April 1442 – 9 April 1483) was King of England from 4 March 1461 until 2 October The Treaty of Picquigny was a peace treaty negotiated on 29 August 1475 between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France. Events 708 - Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708) He was more successful in Lorraine, where he seized Nancy (30 November 1475). Nancy (nɑ̃si archaic Nanzig Nanzeg is a city and commune in the Lorraine région of northeastern France Events 1700 - Battle of Narva — A Swedish army of 8500 men under Charles XII defeats

From Nancy he marched against the Swiss, hanging or drowning the garrison of Grandson, a possession of the Savoyard Jacques de Romont, a close ally of Charles, which the Confederates had invested shortly before, and in spite of their capitulation. Granson is a municipality in the district of Granson in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. Some days later, however, he was attacked before Grandson by the confederate army in the Battle of Grandson and suffered a shameful defeat, being compelled to flee with a handful of attendants, and leaving his artillery and an immense booty (including his silver bath) in the hands of the allies (March 2, 1476). The Battle of Grandson, took place on 2 March 1476, was part of the Burgundian Wars, and resulted in a major defeat for Charles the Bold Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good

He succeeded in raising a fresh army of 30,000 men, with which he attacked Morat, but he was again defeated by the Swiss army, assisted by the cavalry of René II, Duke of Lorraine (22 June 1476). The Battle of Morat was a battle in the Burgundian Wars fought June 22, 1476 between Charles I Duke of Burgundy and a Swiss army at René II ( May 2 1451 &ndash December 10 1508) was Count of Vaudémont from 1470 Duke of Lorraine from 1473 and Duke of Bar Events 217 BC - Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom. On this occasion, and unlike the debacle at Grandson, little booty was lost, but Charles certainly lost about one third of his entire army, the unfortunate losers being pushed into the nearby lake where they were drowned or shot at whilst trying to swim to safety on the opposite shore. On October 6 Charles lost Nancy, which René re-entered. Events 105 BC - Battle of Arausio: The Cimbri inflict the heaviest defeat on the Roman army of Gnaeus Mallius Maximus

Death at Nancy

Making a last effort, Charles formed a new army and arrived in the depth of winter before the walls of Nancy. Having lost many of his troops through the severe cold, it was with only a few thousand men that he met the joint forces of the Lorrainers and the Swiss, who had come to the relief of the town, at the Battle of Nancy (5 January 1477). The Battle of Nancy was the final and decisive battle of the Burgundian Wars, fought outside the walls of Nancy, France on Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France. He himself perished in the fight, his naked body being discovered some days afterwards, the face so mutilated by wild animals that only his physician was able to identify him by old scars on his body.

Legacy

Charles left his unmarried nineteen year-old daughter, Mary of Burgundy, as his heir; clearly her marriage would have enormous implications for the political balance of Europe. Mary, called Mary the Rich ( 13 February, 1457 &ndash Both Louis and the Emperor had unmarried eldest sons; Charles had made some movements towards arranging a marriage between the Emperor's son, Maximilian, before his own death. Louis unwisely concentrated on seizing militarily the border territories, in particular the Duchy of Burgundy (a French fief). This naturally made negotiations for a marriage difficult. He later admitted to his councillor Philippe de Commynes that this was his greatest mistake. Philippe de Commines (or de Commynes or "Philippe de Comines" Latin Philippus Cominaeus; 1447 - c In the meantime the Hapsburg Emperor moved faster and more purposefully and secured the match for his son, the future Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, with the aid of Mary's stepmother, Margaret.

Charles the Bold has often been regarded as the last representative of the feudal spirit—a man who possessed no other quality than a blind bravery. He cannot however be said to have embodied chivalric notions, as did his father, for even by the standards of the time, he displayed wanton cruelty. In view of Charles' irrational behaviour in the last year or so of his life, it has even been suggested that he became mentally unstable.

Ancestors

Duchy of Burgundy-
House of Valois, Burgundian Branch

John the Good Children    Charles V of France    Louis I of Anjou    John, Duke of Berry    Philip the Bold Philip the Bold Children    John the Fearless    Margaret of Burgundy, Duchess of Bavaria-Straubing    Catherine of Burgundy    Anthony, Duke of Brabant    Mary, Duchess of Savoy    Philip, Count of Nevers John the Fearless Children    Mary of Burgundy, Duchess of Cleves    Margaret, Countess of Richemont    Philip the Good    Anne of Burgundy    Agnes of Burgundy Philip the Good Children    Charles the Bold    Anthony the Bastard Charles the Bold Children    Mary of Burgundy Mary of Burgundy

Charles the Bold's ancestors in three generations

Charles the Bold	Father: Philip the Good	Paternal Grandfather: John the Fearless	Paternal Great-grandfather: Philip the Bold
			Paternal Great-grandmother: Margaret III, Countess of Flanders
		Paternal Grandmother: Margaret of Bavaria	Paternal Great-grandfather: Albert I, Duke of Bavaria
			Paternal Great-grandmother: Margaret of Brieg
	Mother: Isabel of Portugal	Maternal Grandfather: John I of Portugal	Maternal Great-grandfather: Peter I of Portugal
			Maternal Great-grandmother: Teresa Gille Lourenço
		Maternal Grandmother: Philippa of Lancaster	Maternal Great-grandfather: John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster
			Maternal Great-grandmother: Blanche of Lancaster

Titles

• 1433–5 January 1477: Count of Charolais as Charles I
• 15 June 1467–5 January 1477: Duke of Burgundy as Charles I
• 15 June 1467–5 January 1477: Duke of Brabant as Charles I
• 15 June 1467–5 January 1477: Duke of Limburg as Charles I
• 15 June 1467–5 January 1477: Duke of Lothier as Charles I
• 15 June 1467–5 January 1477: Duke of Luxemburg as Charles II
• 15 June 1467–5 January 1477: Margrave of Namur as Charles I
• 15 June 1467–5 January 1477: Count Palatine of Burgundy as Charles I
• 15 June 1467–5 January 1477: Count of Artois as Charles I
• 15 June 1467–5 January 1477: Count of Flanders as Charles II
• 15 June 1467–5 January 1477: Count of Hainault as Charles I
• 15 June 1467–5 January 1477: Count of Holland as Charles I
• 15 June 1467–5 January 1477: Count of Zeeland as Charles I
• 23 February 1473–5 January 1477: Duke of Guelders as Charles I
• 23 February 1473–5 January 1477: Count of Zutphen as Charles I

See also

• Burgundy
• Burgundian Netherlands
• Burgundian Wars
• Jacques, Duke of Savoy
• Dukes of Burgundy family tree

References

Further reading

External links

• Duke Charles at Find A Grave
• Charles the Bold in the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica at 1911encyclopedia.org
• Burgundy in the 1907 Catholic Encyclopedia at BibleWiki
• Burgundy in the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia at NewAdvent.org

Charles the Bold House of Valois-Burgundy Cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty Born: 21 November 1433 Died: 5 January 1477
Preceded by Philip the Good	Duke of Burgundy 15 July 1467–5 January 1477	Succeeded by Mary of Burgundy
	Count of Charolais August 1433–5 January 1477
	Duke of Brabant, Limburg and Lothier, Duke of Luxemburg, Margrave of Namur, Count of Artois and Flanders, Count of Hainaut, Holland and Zeeland, Count Palatine of Burgundy 15 July 1467–5 January 1477
Preceded by Arnold of Egmond	Duke of Guelders, Count of Zutphen 23 February 1473–5 January 1477

The term "Valois Dukes of Burgundy" is employed to refer to the dynasty which began after John II of France (also Duke of Burgundy as John I) granted the Duchy For the Direct Capetians, who ruled France 987&ndash1328 see the House of Capet. Philip the Good (Philippe le Bon also Philip III Duke of Burgundy ( July 31, 1396 &ndash June 15, 1467) was Duke of Burgundy Duke of Burgundy was a title borne by the rulers of the Duchy of Burgundy, a small portion of traditional lands of Burgundians west of river Saône which Events 1099 - First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France. Mary, called Mary the Rich ( 13 February, 1457 &ndash Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France. The Duchy of Brabant was formally erected in 1183/1184 The title " Duke of Brabant " was created by the German Emperor Frederick Barbarossa in favor of counts of Limburg rose to prominence when one of their house was appointed Duke of Lower Lorraine. Lothier refers to the territory within the Duchy of Lower Lotharingia, governed by the Dukes of Brabant and their successors after 1190 until the end of For other uses of Luxembourg see Luxembourg (disambiguation The territory of Luxembourg was ruled successively by Counts following is a list of Marquisses or Margraves of Namur. Namur was not often an independent state rather under the dominion of other entities like the counties counts of Artois (French Comtes d'Artois Dutch Graven van Artesië were the Rulers over the County of Artois from the 9th century until the abolition counts of Flanders were the Rulers over the county of Flanders from the 9th century until the abolition of the Countship by the French revolutionaries The counts of Hainaut were the rulers of the County of Hainaut, a historical region in the Low Countries. Counts of Holland ruled over the county of Holland in the Low Countries between the 10th and the 16th century Counts of Holland ruled over the county of Holland in the Low Countries between the 10th and the 16th century This is a list of the counts of Burgundy, ie of the region known as Franche-Comté not to be confused with the Duchy of Burgundy, from 867 to 1678 Events 1099 - First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France. Arnold of Egmond (1410 &ndash February 23 1473) was Duke of Guelders, Count of Zutphen. This article deals with the rulers of the historical county and duchy of Guelders for other meanings see Guelders. The title of Count of Zutphen historically belonged to the ruler of the Dutch province of Gelderland ( Zutphen being one of the major cities in the Events 1455 - Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western Book printed from Movable Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France.

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