| Charles X | |
| King of France and Navarre | |
 Charles X of France |
|
| Reign | 16 September 1824 – 2 August 1830 |
|---|---|
| Coronation | 28 May 1825, Reims |
| Full name | Charles-Philippe |
| Titles | Count of Artois (1757–1824) Duke of Angoulême etc 1773–90) |
| Born | 9 October 1757 |
| Birthplace | Palace of Versailles, France |
| Died | 6 November 1836 (aged 79) |
| Place of death | Gorizia, Austrian Empire |
| Predecessor | Louis XVIII |
| Successor | De Jure Louis XIX immediately abdicated, never proclaimed King Henry V never proclaimed King De Facto Louis-Philippe I |
| Consort | Marie-Thérèse de Savoie |
| Issue | Louis-Antoine, Duke of Angoulême Princess Sophie of France Charles Ferdinand, duc de Berry |
| Royal House | Bourbon |
| Father | Louis-Ferdinand, Dauphin of France |
| Mother | Marie-Josèphe of Saxony |
Charles X (October 9, 1757 – November 6, 1836) ruled as King of France and Navarre from May 20, 1824 until the French Revolution of 1830, when he abdicated. Events 1400 - Owain Glyndŵr is declared Prince of Wales by his followers Year 1824 ( MDCCCXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the For the game see 1830 (board game. Year 1830 ( MDCCCXXX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display Events 585 BC - A Solar eclipse occurs as predicted by Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling Year 1825 ( MDCCCXXV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Reims (alternative English spelling Rheims; riːmz in English and /ʁɛ̃s/ in French) is a city of the Champagne-Ardenne région of northern The County of Artois (comté d'Artois graafschap Artesië was a Carolingian county (comitatus established in Western Francia. Year 1757 ( MDCCLVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1824 ( MDCCCXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Angoulême ( Angoumois) in western France was part of the Carolingian empire as the kingdom of Aquitaine. Year 1773 ( MDCCLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1790 ( MDCCXC) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 768 - Carloman I and Charlemagne are crowned Kings of The Franks. Year 1757 ( MDCCLVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Palace of Versailles, or simply Versailles, is a royal Château in Versailles, in France 's Île-de-France region This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with Year 1836 ( MDCCCXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Gorizia (Gurize Gorica Görz is a town in northeastern Italy, at the foot of the Alps and bordering Slovenia. For the history of these states before 1804 see Holy Roman Empire, Habsburg Monarchy, and articles on each of the component countries. Louis XVIII (17 November 1755 – 16 September 1824 Louis Stanislas Xavier de France, was a King of France and Navarre. Louis-Antoine of France Dauphin of France and Duke of Angoulême (born Louis-Antoine of Artois; August 6, 1775 – June 3, 1844) Henri V of France and Navarre ( Henri Charles Ferdinand Marie Dieudonné d'Artois de France – September 29, 1820 – August 24, 1883 Louis Philippe ( 6 October 1773 &ndash 26 August 1850) was King of the French from 1830 to 1848 in what was known as the Marie-Thérèse of Savoy ( 31 January, 1756 - 1805 princess of Sardinia and of Piedmont, was the wife of Charles Comte d'Artois Louis-Antoine of France Dauphin of France and Duke of Angoulême (born Louis-Antoine of Artois; August 6, 1775 – June 3, 1844) Charles Ferdinand duc de Berry ( Charles Ferdinand d'Artois; January 24, 1778 – February 14, 1820) was the younger son of Charles The House of Bourbon is an important European Royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty. Events 768 - Carloman I and Charlemagne are crowned Kings of The Franks. Year 1757 ( MDCCLVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with Year 1836 ( MDCCCXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap List of Queens and Empresses of France Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below This is a list of the kings of Pamplona ( Iruña in Basque), later Navarre. Events 325 - The First Council of Nicaea &ndash the first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church is held Year 1824 ( MDCCCXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year The French Revolution of 1830, also known as the July Revolution, saw the overthrow of King Charles X, the French Abdication (from the Latin abdicatio, disowning renouncing from ab, away from and dicare, to declare to proclaim as not belonging to one He was the last king of the senior Bourbon line to reign over France. The House of Bourbon is an important European Royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty.
Contents |
Biography
Early life
Charles-Philippe was born on October 7, 1757 in the Palace of Versailles in France, the fifth son of Louis, Dauphin of France, and his wife, Marie-Josèphe of Saxony. Events 3761 BC - The epoch (origin of the modern Hebrew calendar ( Proleptic Julian calendar) Year 1757 ( MDCCLVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Palace of Versailles, or simply Versailles, is a royal Château in Versailles, in France 's Île-de-France region This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. His paternal grandparents were King Louis XV of France and his consort, Queen Maria Leszczyńska. Louis XV (15 February 1710 &ndash 10 May 1774 ruled as King of France and of Navarre from 1 September 1715 until his death in 1774 This is the correct spelling in modern Polish various other spellings are also used in English and French As the grandson of the king, he was a Petit-Fils de France. Fils de France ( Son of France) was the style and Rank held by the sons of the kings and dauphins of France His maternal grandparents were King Augustus III of Poland, also the Elector of Saxony, and his wife, the Archduchess Maria Josepha, daughter of the Holy Roman Emperor Joseph I. Augustus III (Augustus III the Saxon or the Corpulent (August III This article lists Dukes Electors and Kings ruling over territories named Saxony from the beginning of the Saxon Duchy in the 9th century to the end of the Saxon Kingdom in 1918 Family She was born an Archduchess of Austria as a daughter of Joseph I Holy Roman Emperor and Wilhelmina Amalia of Brunswick. Joseph I ( July 26, 1678 &ndash April 17, 1711) Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary and Bohemia and Archduke of Austria At birth, he received the title of comte d'Artois. The County of Artois (comté d'Artois graafschap Artesië was a Carolingian county (comitatus established in Western Francia. During most of the reign of his oldest surviving brother, King Louis XVI, he was fourth in line to the throne after the King's two young sons and his brother, the comte de Provence. Louis XVI ( 23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793) Louis-Auguste de France, ruled as King of France and Navarre However, after the accession of the comte de Provence as King Louis XVIII of France in 1814, he became heir presumptive and was generally known as Monsieur, the traditional title of the eldest of the king's younger brothers. Louis XVIII (17 November 1755 – 16 September 1824 Louis Stanislas Xavier de France, was a King of France and Navarre. Year 1814 ( MDCCCXIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common An heir presumptive is the person provisionally scheduled to inherit a throne peerage or other hereditary honor but whose position can be displaced by the birth of an Heir apparent fr Monsieur ( Plural: fr ''Messieurs'' meant "my lord" (fr ''Mon seigneur'' in Middle French, and is now generally used in French as an honorific
Charles was charming, affectionate and a witty conversationalist. Despite a flurry of youthful hedonism, he was also devoutly religious. A strong belief in the Roman Catholic Church bound him closely to his younger sister, Madame Élisabeth. Charles attended the French and Spanish siege of Gibraltar as an observer in 1782, and saw the destruction of the floating batteries. Gibraltar (dʒɨˈbrɒltər is a British overseas territory located near the southernmost tip of the Iberian Peninsula overlooking the Strait of Gibraltar
As a young prince he was a noted womanizer, popular, well-mannered and entertaining. He struck up a firm friendship with his sister-in-law, Marie Antoinette of Austria. Maria Antonia Josepha Johanna von Habsburg-Lothringen (November 2 1755 &ndash October 16 1793 known to history as Marie Antoinette ( pronounced /maʀi ɑ̃ntwanɛt/ The closeness of the relationship was such that he was falsely accused of having seduced Marie Antoinette by Parisian rumor mongers. As part of Marie Antoinette's social set, Charles often appeared opposite her in the private theatre of her favourite royal retreat, the Petit Trianon. The Petit Trianon is a small Château located on the grounds of the Palace of Versailles in Versailles, France. They were both said to be very talented amateur actors; with Marie Antoinette playing milkmaids, shepherdesses and country ladies, and Charles playing lovers, valets and farmers. A famous story concerning the two involves the construction of the Château de Bagatelle. The Château de Bagatelle is a small Château in the Bois de Boulogne in the XVIe arrondissement of Paris. In 1775, Charles purchased a small hunting lodge in the Bois de Boulogne. Year 1775 ( MDCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Hunting is the practice of pursuing Animals for Food, Recreation, or Trade. The Bois de Boulogne is a park located along the western edge of the 16ème arrondissement of Paris, near the suburb of Boulogne-Billancourt. He soon had the existing house torn down with plans to rebuild. Marie Antoinette wagered her brother-in-law that the new château could not be completed within three months. Charles engaged the neoclassical architect François-Joseph Bélanger to design the building. Neoclassical architecture was an architectural style produced by the neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century both as a reaction against the Rococo François-Joseph Bélanger ( Paris 12 April 1744 &ndashParis 1 May 1818) was a French architect and decorator working in the Neoclassic He won his bet, with Bélanger completing the house in sixty-three days. It is estimated that the project, which came to include manicured gardens, cost over two million livres.
Considered the handsomest member of the royal family, his affairs were numerous. According to the comte d'Hezecques, "few beauties were cruel to him. " Later, he embarked upon a life-long love affair with the beautiful Louise de Polastron (née d'Esparbès de Lussan) (1764–1804). Year 1764 ( MDCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1804 ( MDCCCIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a She was the sister-in-law of Marie Antoinette's closest companion, the duchesse de Polignac. Yolande Martine Gabrielle de Polastron duchesse de Polignac ( 8 September 1749 &ndash 9 December 1793) was a French aristocrat Mme de Polastron stayed with the prince for the rest of her life.
As a father, his clear favourite was his youngest son, Charles Ferdinand, duc de Berry, who most closely resembled his father in looks and personality. Charles Ferdinand duc de Berry ( Charles Ferdinand d'Artois; January 24, 1778 – February 14, 1820) was the younger son of Charles Relations with his eldest son, Louis-Antoine, duc d'Angoulême, were more strained as Louis-Antoine was a quiet, weak and introverted liberal with a nervous disposition. Louis-Antoine of France Dauphin of France and Duke of Angoulême (born Louis-Antoine of Artois; August 6, 1775 – June 3, 1844)
His political awakening started with the first great crisis of the monarchy in 1786, after which he headed the reactionary faction at the court of Louis XVI. Year 1786 ( MDCCLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The comte d'Artois supported the removal of the aristocracy's financial privileges, but he was opposed to any reduction in the social privileges enjoyed by either the Church or the nobility. He believed that France's finances should be reformed without the monarchy being overthrown. In his own words, it was "time for repair, not demolition. "
He also enraged the Third Estate (politicians representing the commoners) by objecting to every initiative to increase their voting power in 1789. The Estates of the realm were the broad divisions of society usually distinguishing Nobility, Clergy, and Commoners recognized in the Middle Ages Year 1789 ( MDCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common This prompted criticism from his brother, who accused him of being "plus royaliste que le roi" ("more royalist than the King").
In conjunction with the baron de Breteuil, Charles had political alliances arranged to depose the liberal prime minister, Jacques Necker. Louis Charles Auguste le Tonnelier baron de Breteuil baron de Preuilly ( March 7, 1730 &ndash November 2, 1807) was a French Jacques Necker ( September 30, 1732 &ndash April 9, 1804) was a French statesman of Swiss origin and finance These plans backfired when Charles attempted to secure Necker's dismissal on July 11th without Breteuil's knowledge, much earlier than they had originally intended. It was the beginning of a decline in his political alliance with Breteuil, which ended in mutual loathing.
In Exile
After the fall of the Bastille on July 14, 1789 he was ordered to leave France by his brother Louis XVI, who feared that Charles would soon be the victim of an assassination due to his expressed conservatism. In the United Kingdom, a blue plaque is a permanent sign installed in a public place to commemorate a link between that location and a famous person or event Year 1805 ( MDCCCV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or Year 1814 ( MDCCCXIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The House of Bourbon is an important European Royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty. Henry IV (Henri IV ( 13 December 1553 &ndash 14 May 1610) ruled as King of France from 1589 to 1610 and as Henry III Catherine of Navarre, also known as Catherine de Bourbon (1559 Paris &ndash 13 February 1604, Nancy) was the daughter of Antoine For the cognac see Louis XIII de Rémy Martin. Louis XIII ( September 27, 1601 – May 14, 1643) Christine Marie de France (Maria Cristina di Francia Madama Reale ( February 10 1606 - December 27 1663) was Regent of Savoy between Nicholas Henri of France, duc d'Orléans, was the second son and fourth child of Henry IV of France and his Italian Queen Marie de' Gaston Jean-Baptiste de France, duc d'Orléans, ( April 25, 1608 &ndash February 2, 1660, Blois) was the third son of Henrietta Maria ( 25 November 1609 – 10 September 1669) was Princess of France and Queen Consort of England, Scotland For the cognac see Louis XIII de Rémy Martin. Louis XIII ( September 27, 1601 – May 14, 1643) Early years Birth and ancestry Louis XIV was born in the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye on September 5 1638 and bore the Heir apparent Philippe I Duke of Orléans ( September 21, 1640 &ndash June 9, 1701) was the second son of Louis XIII of France and Anne Early years Birth and ancestry Louis XIV was born in the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye on September 5 1638 and bore the Heir apparent The House of Bourbon is an important European Royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty. The House of Bourbon is an important European Royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty. Marie-Thérèse de France was the fourth child and third daughter of Louis XIV and his Queen Marie-Thérèse d'Autriche. List of Counts of Anjou First creation 870&ndash1203 House of Ingelger Ingelger (870&ndash898 father List of Counts of Anjou First creation 870&ndash1203 House of Ingelger Ingelger (870&ndash898 father Philip V of Spain ( December 19, 1683 - July 9, 1746) born Philippe de France, Fils de France and duc d'Anjou Louis XV (15 February 1710 &ndash 10 May 1774 ruled as King of France and of Navarre from 1 September 1715 until his death in 1774 Louis XV (15 February 1710 &ndash 10 May 1774 ruled as King of France and of Navarre from 1 September 1715 until his death in 1774 Marie Louise Élisabeth de France ( 14 August 1727 – 6 December 1759) was the eldest daughter of King Louis XV of France and Henriette-Anne de France ( 14 August 1727 at Versailles —- 10 February 1752 at Versailles was the twin sister of Marie Adélaïde de France ( 23 March 1732 - 27 February 1800) was a French Princess. Victoire Louise Marie Thérèse de France ( May 11, 1733 - June 7, 1799) was the seventh child and fifth daughter of King Louis XV of Sophie Philippine Élisabeth Justine ( 27 July 1734 - 2 March 1782) was a French princess See also Louise-Marie of France (1812-1850 Queen of the Belgians Life Early life She was the elder daughter of Louis Dauphin of France, the only son of King Louis XV, and the Dauphin's wife Princess Louis XVI ( 23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793) Louis-Auguste de France, ruled as King of France and Navarre Louis XVIII (17 November 1755 – 16 September 1824 Louis Stanislas Xavier de France, was a King of France and Navarre. Louis XVI ( 23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793) Louis-Auguste de France, ruled as King of France and Navarre Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte of France ( 19 December 1778 &ndash 19 October 1851) was the eldest child of King Louis XVI of France Ancestry Son of Marie Antoinette Louis XVII of France, also Louis VI of Navarre ( Versailles March 27 1785 – Paris June 8 1795) from birth Ancestry Louis XVII of France, also Louis VI of Navarre ( Versailles March 27 1785 – Paris June 8 1795) from birth Louis XVIII (17 November 1755 – 16 September 1824 Louis Stanislas Xavier de France, was a King of France and Navarre. Louis-Antoine of France Dauphin of France and Duke of Angoulême (born Louis-Antoine of Artois; August 6, 1775 – June 3, 1844) Charles Ferdinand duc de Berry ( Charles Ferdinand d'Artois; January 24, 1778 – February 14, 1820) was the younger son of Charles Henri V of France and Navarre ( Henri Charles Ferdinand Marie Dieudonné d'Artois de France – September 29, 1820 – August 24, 1883 Louise Marie Thérèse of France ( Louise Marie Thérèse d'Artois; born September 21, 1819, Élysée-Bourbon Paris, France; died List of Queens and Empresses of France Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below A style of office, or honorific, is a term which by Tradition or Law precedes a reference to a person who holds a post or Title, or to the List of Queens and Empresses of France Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below The Bastille was a Fortress - Prison in Paris, known formally as Bastille Saint-Antoine —Number 232 Rue Saint-Antoine—best known today Events 1223 - Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father Philip II of France. Year 1789 ( MDCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. It was also Louis's intention that Charles should represent the Bourbon Monarchy abroad, and carry on the dynasty if the worst should happen. The House of Bourbon is an important European Royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty.
In exile — first in Germany and then Italy — Charles feared that his brother, the comte de Provence, would compromise with the Revolution and betray the Monarchy. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Louis XVIII (17 November 1755 – 16 September 1824 Louis Stanislas Xavier de France, was a King of France and Navarre. He took the disastrous decision of appointing Calonne to his council, which outraged Marie Antoinette. Charles Alexandre, vicomte de Calonne (1734 – October 30, 1802) was a French statesman This was an end to Charles and Marie Antoinette's deep friendship, and Charles was left wracked with guilt after her execution in 1793. Year 1793 ( MDCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Charles's major foreign ally at this time was Catherine the Great, the Empress of Russia, who preferred Charles to the baron de Breteuil, who was the opposing leader of the royalists-in-exile. Catherine II, called Catherine the Great (Екатерина II Великая Yekaterina II Velikaya;) reigned as Empress of Russia for 34 years Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Louis Charles Auguste le Tonnelier baron de Breteuil baron de Preuilly ( March 7, 1730 &ndash November 2, 1807) was a French
The comte d'Artois later emigrated to Britain, where George III allowed him to live in Holyrood House, a royal palace in Edinburgh. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located George III (George William Frederick 4 June 1738 George III's long reign was marked by a series of military conflicts involving his kingdom much of the rest of Europe and places The Palace of Holyroodhouse, or informally Holyrood Palace, founded as a monastery by David I of Scotland in 1128, has served as the principal residence Edinburgh ( ˈɛdɪnb(ərə Dùn Èideann) is the Capital of Scotland and is its second largest city after Glasgow. He was not comfortable with the ultra-Protestant environment of the city and spent most of his time behind the palace walls, although he was by no means rude to the locals. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. Communication between Charles and his surviving brother, the comte de Provence, living in Russia at Mittau, was particularly strained once it became apparent that Charles was utterly indifferent to his brother's financial problems. Louis XVIII (17 November 1755 – 16 September 1824 Louis Stanislas Xavier de France, was a King of France and Navarre. The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya Jelgava (jælgava) is a Town in central Latvia about 41 km southwest of Riga with 66087 inhabitants (2006
When Louise de Polastron died of consumption in 1804, Charles took a vow of perpetual chastity. Tuberculosis (abbreviated as TB for tubercle bacillus or T u' b' erculosis Bacillus --> is a common Year 1804 ( MDCCCIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a His grief was intense, for he had been truly in love with her. His religious convictions strengthened and he became even more devout than he had been before. His personal life became "entirely blameless". In his later years, he enthusiastically supported the Ultramontane movement within the Roman Catholic Church. Ultramontanism is a religious philosophy within the Catholic Church that places strong emphasis on the prerogatives and powers of the Pope.
His eldest son, the duc d'Angoulême, was married to his cousin Princess Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte, the only surviving child of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette of Austria. Louis-Antoine of France Dauphin of France and Duke of Angoulême (born Louis-Antoine of Artois; August 6, 1775 – June 3, 1844) Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte of France ( 19 December 1778 &ndash 19 October 1851) was the eldest child of King Louis XVI of France Louis XVI ( 23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793) Louis-Auguste de France, ruled as King of France and Navarre Maria Antonia Josepha Johanna von Habsburg-Lothringen (November 2 1755 &ndash October 16 1793 known to history as Marie Antoinette ( pronounced /maʀi ɑ̃ntwanɛt/ Charles's other son, the duc de Berry, secretly married an English Protestant named Amy Brown who was also a commoner. Charles Ferdinand duc de Berry ( Charles Ferdinand d'Artois; January 24, 1778 – February 14, 1820) was the younger son of Charles This marriage was annulled when it was discovered — probably at Charles's behest. Berry was later married to Princess Caroline Ferdinande Louise of the Two Sicilies, and they produced the duc de Bordeaux. Henri V of France and Navarre ( Henri Charles Ferdinand Marie Dieudonné d'Artois de France – September 29, 1820 – August 24, 1883
Restoration and reign as Charles X
Charles was still living in Edinburgh in 1814 when the French monarchy was restored under his other brother, who assumed the name Louis XVIII. Year 1814 ( MDCCCXIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Louis XVIII (17 November 1755 – 16 September 1824 Louis Stanislas Xavier de France, was a King of France and Navarre. The two royal brothers were not especially close, since Charles viewed Louis XVIII as treacherous and irreligious.
Charles never met any of the claimants pretending to be his long-lost nephew, Louis XVII, because he was convinced the child had died in Paris in 1795. Louis XVII of France, also Louis VI of Navarre ( Versailles March 27 1785 – Paris June 8 1795) from birth Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Year 1795 ( MDCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a
Louis died on September 16, 1824, and his brother, aged 67, succeeded him – the only normal succession of French heads of state during the 19th century. Events 1400 - Owain Glyndŵr is declared Prince of Wales by his followers Year 1824 ( MDCCCXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar
The new king took the regnal name Charles X, thus definitively taking the position that Charles, cardinal de Bourbon, who was recognized under that name by some elements of French society in the late 16th century, was not legitimate.
Charles's coronation on May 28, 1825 deliberately harked back to the Ancien Régime: the sacre du roi (consecration) was performed by the Archbishop of Rheims in his cathedral, the traditional coronation venue for French kings, amid much theatrical pomp. A coronation is a ceremony marking the investiture of a Monarch with regal power specifically involving the placement of a crown upon his or her head and the Events 585 BC - A Solar eclipse occurs as predicted by Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling Year 1825 ( MDCCCXXV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Ancien Régime ( pronounced: /ɑ̃sjɛ̃ ʁeʒim/ refers primarily to the aristocratic social and political system established in Reims (alternative English spelling Rheims; riːmz in English and /ʁɛ̃s/ in French) is a city of the Champagne-Ardenne région of northern It even featured a ceremony where Charles touched sufferers of the King's Evil, scrofula, the last time this ancient ritual was performed. Scrofula ( scrophula or struma) is any of a variety of Skin diseases in particular a form of Tuberculosis, affecting the Lymph nodes This deliberate impression of royal splendor was in contrast to his predecessor and successor, neither of whom had a coronation (the only other nineteenth century French coronations were Napoleon's in Notre Dame in 1804 and Napoleon III's, also at Notre Dame, on January 30, 1853. Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. NotreDameFlyingButtressjpg|right|thumb|250px|Notre Dame de Paris Flying Buttress]] Notre Dame de Paris is a Gothic Cathedral on the eastern half of the Napoléon III, also known as Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (full name Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte) (20 April 1808 9 January 1873 was the first President Events 1648 - Eighty Years' War: The Treaty of Münster is signed ending the conflict between the Netherlands and Spain Year 1853 ( MDCCCLIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common )
Shortly after he took the throne, he proposed (and the Chamber of Deputies passed) the Anti-Sacrilege Act that approved the death penalty for sacrilege and theft or destruction of the Host. The Anti-Sacrilege Act (1825&ndash1830 was a French law against Blasphemy and Sacrilege passed in January 1825 under King Charles Capital punishment, the death penalty or execution, is the Killing of a person by judicial process as Punishment. Sacrilege is the violation or injurious treatment of a sacred object Sacramental bread, sometimes called Lamb or Host is the bread which is used in the Christian ritual of the Eucharist. No one was ever executed for either of these crimes during his reign but they had a powerful significance. During the reign of Louis XVIII he headed the ultra-royalist opposition, which took power after the traumatic assassination of Charles's son, the duc de Berry. The term Ultra-Royalists or simply Ultras refers to a Reactionary faction which sat in the French parliament from 1815 The event caused the fall of the ministry of Élie Decazes and the rise of the comte de Villèle, who continued as chief minister after Charles became king. Élie Decazes 1st duc Decazes and 1st Duke of Glücksbierg (duc Decazes et de Glücksbierg 28 September 1780 - 24 October 1860 was a French Statesman Jean-Baptiste Guillaume Joseph Marie Anne Séraphin comte de Villèle (14 April 1773 - 13 March 1854 was a French statesman Emotionally, Charles never really recovered from his son's murder.
The Villèle cabinet resigned in 1827 under pressure from the liberal press. Year 1827 ( MDCCCXXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common His successor, the vicomte de Martignac, tried to steer a middle course, but in 1829 Charles appointed prince Jules Armand de Polignac (Louise de Polastron's nephew), an ultra-reactionary, as chief minister. For the game see 1829 (board game. Year 1829 ( MDCCCXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display Jules Auguste Armand Marie Prince de Polignac ( Versailles, 14 May 1780 Paris, 2 March 1847 was a French Statesman. Polignac initiated French colonization in Algeria. Algeria ( ar [[Arabic]] الجزائر, Al Jaza'ir ælʤæˈzæːʔir Amazigh: ⴷⵥⴰⵢⴻⵔ Dzayer) officially the People's His dissolution of the Chamber of Deputies, his July Ordinances, which set up rigid control of the press, and his restriction of suffrage resulted in the July Revolution. Chamber of Deputies (la Chambre des députés was the name given to several parliamentary bodies in France in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries 1814–1848 July Ordinances, also known as Ordinances of Saint-Cloud, were a series of decrees set forth by Charles X and Jules Armand de Polignac, the chief minister Suffrage (from the Latin suffragium, meaning "voting tablet" and figuratively "right to vote" probably from suffrago "hough" and originally The French Revolution of 1830, also known as the July Revolution, saw the overthrow of King Charles X, the French
Charles abdicated on July 30, 1830 at Rambouillet in favor of his grandson, the duc de Bordeaux, and left for England. Liberty Leading the People (La Liberté guidant le peuple is a painting by Eugène Delacroix commemorating the July Revolution of 1830 which toppled Ferdinand Victor Eugène Delacroix (26 April 1798 &ndash 13 August 1863 was a French Romantic artist regarded from the outset of his career as the leader of Events 1419 - First Defenestration of Prague. 1502 - Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Islands off For the game see 1830 (board game. Year 1830 ( MDCCCXXX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display The château de Rambouillet is a palace in the town of Rambouillet, Yvelines department, France 50 km (30 miles southwest of Paris. Henri V of France and Navarre ( Henri Charles Ferdinand Marie Dieudonné d'Artois de France – September 29, 1820 – August 24, 1883 However, the liberal, bourgeois-controlled Chamber of Deputies refused to confirm the duc de Bordeaux as Henri V. In a vote largely boycotted by conservative deputies, the body declared the French throne vacant, and elevated Louis-Philippe, duc d'Orléans, to power. Louis Philippe ( 6 October 1773 &ndash 26 August 1850) was King of the French from 1830 to 1848 in what was known as the This article is about the French city of Orléans for other meanings see Orleans (disambiguation.
After a sojourn in Britain, Charles later settled in Prague in the present-day Czech Republic. Prague (ˈprɑːg Praha (ˈpraɦa see also other names) is the Capital and Largest city of the Czech Republic. The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia, He died from cholera on November 6, 1836 in the palace of Count Michael Coronini von Cronberg (Graf Michele Coronini von Cronberg)[1], [2] in the old hamlet of Grafenberg, now in the town of Gorizia, in present-day Italy, tended by his niece Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte. Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with Year 1836 ( MDCCCXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Gorizia (Gurize Gorica Görz is a town in northeastern Italy, at the foot of the Alps and bordering Slovenia. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte of France ( 19 December 1778 &ndash 19 October 1851) was the eldest child of King Louis XVI of France He is buried in the Church of Saint Mary of the Annunciation on Kostanjevica Hill, on what is now the Slovenian side of the border in Nova Gorica. Slovenia, officially the Republic of Slovenia (Republika Slovenija) is a Country in southern Central Europe bordering Italy to the west Nova Gorica (ˈnɔʋa gɔˈɾitsa Slovenian for " New Gorizia " (population 13852 ( town) 21082 ( incl
Ancestors
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16. Louis, Dauphin of France | |||||||||||||||
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8. Louis, Dauphin of France and Duke of Burgundy |
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17. Maria Anna of Bavaria | |||||||||||||||
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4. Louis XV of France |
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18. Louis XV (15 February 1710 &ndash 10 May 1774 ruled as King of France and of Navarre from 1 September 1715 until his death in 1774 Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia | |||||||||||||||
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9. Victor Amadeus II, Italian Vittorio Amedeo II ( May 14 1666 - October 31 1732) was the Duke of Savoy (1675-1730 Princess Marie-Adélaïde of Savoy |
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19. Marie-Adélaïde of Savoy ( 6 December 1685 - 12 February 1712) Princess of Savoy and Sardinia, was the eldest daughter Anne Marie of Orléans | |||||||||||||||
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2. Anne Marie of Orléans ( Saint-Cloud, August 27 1669 - Turin, August 26 1728) was the Queen consort of Louis, Dauphin of France |
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20. Rafał Leszczyński | |||||||||||||||
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10. Stanisław Leszczyński |
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21. Stanisław I Leszczyński (October 20 1677 – February 23 1766 was King of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Duke Anna Jabłonowska | |||||||||||||||
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5. Maria Leszczyńska |
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22. This is the correct spelling in modern Polish various other spellings are also used in English and French Jean-Charles Opaliński | |||||||||||||||
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11. Katarzyna Opalińska |
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23. Biography Catherine was the daughter of Magnate Jan Karol Opaliński and his wife Zofia Czarnkowska. Catherine-Sophie-Anne Czarnkowska | |||||||||||||||
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1. Charles X of France |
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24. John George III, Elector of Saxony | |||||||||||||||
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12. Johann Georg III (b Dresden, 20 June 1647 – d Tübingen, 12 September 1691) was Elector of Saxony from Augustus II of Poland |
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25. Royal titles In Latin: Augustus Secundus Dei Gratia rex Poloniae magnus dux Lithuaniae Russie Prussiae Masoviae Samogitiae Livoniae Kijoviae Volhyniae Anne Sophie of Denmark | |||||||||||||||
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6. Anna Sophie of Denmark and Norway ( Flensburg, September 1 1647 - Prettin, July 1 1717) was Electress of Saxony Augustus III of Poland |
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26. Augustus III (Augustus III the Saxon or the Corpulent (August III Christian Ernst, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth | |||||||||||||||
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13. Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth |
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27. Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth ( December 19 1671 &ndash September 4 1727) was consort to Augustus II the Sofie Luise of Württemberg | |||||||||||||||
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3. Princess Marie-Josèphe of Saxony |
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28. Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor | |||||||||||||||
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14. Early life He was a younger brother of Ferdinand IV of Hungary and Mariana of Austria. Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor |
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29. Joseph I ( July 26, 1678 &ndash April 17, 1711) Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary and Bohemia and Archduke of Austria Eleonore-Magdalena of Neuburg | |||||||||||||||
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7. Archduchess Maria Josepha of Austria |
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30. Family She was born an Archduchess of Austria as a daughter of Joseph I Holy Roman Emperor and Wilhelmina Amalia of Brunswick. John Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg | |||||||||||||||
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15. John Frederick ( German: Johann Friedrich 25 April 1625, Herzberg am Harz &ndash 18 December 1679, Augsburg Wilhelmina Amalia of Brunswick |
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31. Amalia Wilhelmina ( 21 April, 1673 &ndash 10 April, 1742) was the daughter of John Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg Benedicta-Henrietta of Simmern | |||||||||||||||
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Marriage and issue
He married Marie-Thérèse de Savoie, the daughter of Victor Amadeus III of Savoy, on November 16, 1773. Marie-Thérèse of Savoy ( 31 January, 1756 - 1805 princess of Sardinia and of Piedmont, was the wife of Charles Comte d'Artois Victor Amadeus III ( Italian Vittorio Amedeo III di Savoia, June 26 1726 - October 16 1796) was King of Sardinia Events 534 - A second and final revision of the Codex Justinianus is published Year 1773 ( MDCCLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common
Their children:
- Louis-Antoine, duc d'Angoulême (Louis XIX) (August 6, 1775 – June 3, 1844)
- Sophie (August 5, 1776 – December 5, 1783)
- Charles Ferdinand, duc de Berry (January 24, 1778 – February 13, 1820)
Trivia
Charles would never countenance a voluntary reduction of his royal prerogative. Louis-Antoine of France Dauphin of France and Duke of Angoulême (born Louis-Antoine of Artois; August 6, 1775 – June 3, 1844) Events 1538 - Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada. Year 1775 ( MDCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, entering Year 1844 ( MDCCCXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Events 642 - Battle of Maserfield - Penda of Mercia defeats and kills Oswald of Bernicia. Year 1776 ( MDCCLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 63 BC - Cicero reads the last of his Catiline Orations. Year 1783 ( MDCCLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or Charles Ferdinand duc de Berry ( Charles Ferdinand d'Artois; January 24, 1778 – February 14, 1820) was the younger son of Charles Events 41 - Gaius Caesar (Caligula, known for his eccentricity and cruel Despotism, is Assassinated by his disgruntled Year 1778 ( MDCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or Events 1258 - Baghdad falls to the Mongols, and the Abbasid Caliphate is destroyed Year 1820 ( MDCCCXX) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year He remarked, "I would rather saw wood than be a King of the English type" (Je préfère scier du bois qu'être un roi à l'anglaise").
References
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Charles X of France
Cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty
Born: 9 October 1757 Died: 6 November 1836 |
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| Regnal titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Louis XVIII |
King of France and Navarre September 16, 1824 – August 2, 1830 |
Succeeded by Louis XIX |
| Titles in pretence | ||
| Vacant
Title last held by
Louis XVIII |
— TITULAR — King of France and Navarre Legitimist pretender to the French throne August 9, 1830 – November 6, 1836 Reason for succession failure: July Revolution |
Succeeded by Louis XIX |
| Royal titles | ||
| Preceded by Louis-Stanislas-Xavier de Bourbon |
Monsieur 1814-1815 then 1815-1824 |
Succeeded by N/A |
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