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Charles Nodier (April 29, 1780 – January 27, 1844), was a French author who introduced a younger generation of Romanticists to the conte fantastique, gothic literature, vampire tales, and the importance of dreams as part of literary creation, and whose career as a librarian is often underestimated by literary historians. This article is a general introduction to French literature For detailed information on French literature in specific historic periods see the separate historical articles in the Medieval French literature is for the purpose of this article Literature written in Oïl languages (particularly Old French and early Middle For more information on historical developments in this period see Renaissance, History of France, and Early Modern France. French literature of the 17th century &mdashthe so-called Grand Siècle &mdashspans the reigns of Henry IV of France, the Regency of Marie de Medici French literature of the 18th century usually refers to the literature written between 1715, the year of the death of King Louis XIV of France, and 1798 the year French literature of the nineteenth century is for the purpose of this article literature written in French from (roughly 1799 to 1900 French literature of the twentieth century is for the purpose of this article literature written in French from (roughly 1895 to 1990 Contemporary French literature is French literature roughly from the 1990s to Today. Chronological list of French language authors (regardless of nationality by date of birth Events 1429 - Joan of Arc arrives to relieve the Siege of Orleans. Year 1780 ( MDCCLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 98 - Trajan becomes Roman Emperor after the death of Nerva. Year 1844 ( MDCCCXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. An author is defined both as "the person who originates or gives existence to anything" and that authorship determines responsibility for what is created Romanticism is a complex artistic literary and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe, and gained strength during the Gothic fiction (sometimes referred to as Gothic horror) is a genre of literature that combines elements of both horror and romance. Vampires are mythological or folkloric revenants who subsist by feeding on the blood of the living A librarian is an information Professional trained in Library and information science, which is the organization and management of information services or materials
Contents |
Early life
He was born at Besançon. Besançon (bəzɑ̃ˈsɔ̃ in French and Arpitan; German: Bisanz) is the capital and principal city of the Franche-Comté His father, on the outbreak of the French Revolution, was appointed mayor of Besançon and consequently chief police magistrate; he seems to have become an instrument of the tyranny of the Jacobins without sharing their principles; but his son was for a time an ardent citizen, and is said to have been a Jacobin Club member at the age of twelve. The French Revolution (1789–1799 was a period of political and social upheaval in the History of France, during which the French governmental structure previously an This page describes the political term "Jacobin" For discussion of the political organization of the French Revolution era see Jacobin Club. The Jacobin Club was the largest and most powerful political club of the French Revolution. In 1793 Charles saved the life of a lady guilty of sending money to an emigré, declaring to his father that if she were condemned he would take his own life. Year 1793 ( MDCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common He was sent to Strasbourg, where he lived in the house of Eulogius Schneider, the notorious Jacobin governor of Alsace, but a good Greek scholar. Strasbourg (Strasbourg stʁazbuʁ Alsatian: Strossburi,; Straßburg) is the capital and principal City of the Alsace région Eulogius Schneider (baptized as Johann Georg October 20 1756 in Wipfeld am Main – April 1 1794 in Paris) was a Franciscan monk Professor Alsace (Alsace alzas Alsatian and Elsass pre-1996 German: Elsaß; Alsatia is one of the 26 Regions of France, located on the eastern Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly
Activism and wanderings
During the Reign of Terror his father put him under the care of Girod de Chautrans, with whom he studied English and German. Saint justjpg|thumbnail|200px| Louis Antoine Léon de Saint-Just]] The Reign of Terror' (5 September 1793 &ndash 28 July 1794 or simply The Terror (la Terreur was English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. His love of books began very early, and he combined with it a strong interest in nature. He became librarian in his native town, but his exertions in the cause of suspected persons brought him under suspicion. An inspection of his papers by the police, however, revealed nothing more dangerous than a dissertation on the antennae of insects. Entomology continued to be a favourite study with him, but he varied it with philology and pure literature and even political writing. Entomology (from Greek grc ἔντομος entomos, "that which is cut in pieces or engraved/segmented" hence "insect" and grc -λογία See Comparative linguistics for the narrower field of "comparative philology" For a skit on Napoleon, in 1803, he was imprisoned for some months. Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. 1803 ( MDCCCIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a
He then left Paris, where he had gone after losing his position at Besançon, and for some years lived a very unsettled life at Besançon, Dole, where he married, and in other places in the Jura. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Dole is a commune in the Jura département in France, of which it is a Sous-préfecture. During these wanderings he wrote Le peintre de Salzbourg, journal des émotions d'un coeur souffrant, suivi des Meditations du cloître[1](1803). The hero, Charles, who is a variation of the Werther type, desires the restoration of the monasteries, to afford a refuge from the woes of the world. Werther is an Opera in four acts by Jules Massenet to a French Libretto by Édouard Blau,
In 1811 Nodier moved to Ljubljana, then the capital of the newly established French Illyrian provinces, as editor of a multilingual journal, the Illyrian Telegraph (Télégraph officiel) published in French, German, Italian and Slovene. Year 1811 ( MDCCCXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Ljubljana ( is the largest and Capital city of Slovenia. It is located in the center of the country and is a mid-sized city of some 270000 inhabitants The Illyrian Provinces (Provinces illyriennes Ilirske province Ilirske pokrajne Province Illiriche were lands on the north and east coasts of the Adriatic Sea which were The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. Slovene or Slovenian ( slovenski jezik or slovenščina, not to be confused with Slovenčina) is a South Slavic language It was there that Nodier composed, in 1812, the first draft of his novel Jean Sbogar (published in 1818). Year 1812 ( MDCCCXII) a leap year started on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Year 1818 ( MDCCCXVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common [1] After the evacuation of the Illyrian provinces in 1813 he returned to Paris, and the restoration found him a royalist, though he retained something of republican sentiment. The Illyrian Provinces (Provinces illyriennes Ilirske province Ilirske pokrajne Province Illiriche were lands on the north and east coasts of the Adriatic Sea which were Year 1813 ( MDCCCXIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common In 1824 he was appointed to the librarianship of the Bibliothèque de l'Arsenal. The Bibliothèque de l'Arsenal ( Library of the Arsenal) in Paris is one of the branches of the Bibliothèque nationale de France. He was elected a member of the Académie française in 1833, and made a member of the Legion of Honour in 1843, a year before his death. L'Académie française, or the French Academy, is the pre-eminent French learned body on matters pertaining to the French language. Year 1833 ( MDCCCXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Year 1843 ( MDCCCXLIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common
The twenty years at the arsenal were by far the most important and fruitful of Nodier's life. He had the advantage of a settled home in which to collect and study rare books; and he was able to supply a centre and rallying place to a knot of young literary men of greater individual talent than himself--the so-called Romanticists of 1830--and to colour their tastes and work very decidedly with his own predilections. Romanticism is a complex artistic literary and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe, and gained strength during the Victor Hugo, Alfred de Musset and Sainte-Beuve all acknowledged their obligations to him. Victor-Marie Hugo ( ( February 26, 1802 – May 22, 1885) was a French Poet, Playwright, Novelist Alfred Louis Charles de Musset-Pathay Along with his poetry he is known for writing La Confession d'un enfant du siècle ( The Confession of a Child of the Century Saint Beuve redirects here For the eponymous saint see Beuve Abbess of Saint Pierre de Reims. He was a passionate admirer of Goethe and of Shakespeare, and had himself contributed to the personal literature that was one of the leading traits of the Romantic school. ˈjoːhan ˈvɔlfgaŋ fɔn ˈgøːtə (in English generally ˈgɝːtə 28 August 1749 22 March 1832 was a German writer
Works
His best and most characteristic work, some of which is exquisite in its kind, consists partly of short tales of a more or less fantastic character, partly of nondescript articles, half bibliographic, half narrative, the nearest analogue to which in English is to be found in some of the papers of Thomas de Quincey. Thomas de Quincey (15 August 1785 &ndash 8 December 1859 was an English author and intellectual best known for his Confessions of an English Opium-Eater The best examples of the latter are to be found in the volume entitled Mélanges tirés d'une petite bibliothèque, published in 1829 and afterwards continued. Of his tales the best are Smarra, ou les démons de la nuit (1821); Trilby, ou le lutin d'Argail (1822); Histoire du roi de Bohême et de ses sept châteaux (1830); La Fée aux miettes (1832); Inès de las Sierras (1838); Les quatre talismans et la légende de soeur Béatrix (1838), together with some fairy stories published in the year of his death, and Franciscus Columna, which appeared after it. The Souvenirs de jeunesse (1832) are interesting but untrustworthy, and the Dictionnaire universel de la langue française (1823), which, in the days before Littré, was one of the most useful of its kind, is said to have been not wholly or mainly Nodier's. Émile Maximilien Paul Littré ( 1 February 1801 - 2 June 1881) was a French Lexicographer and Philosopher, best There is a so-called collection of Œuvres complêtes, in 12 vols. (1832), but at that time much of the author's best work had not appeared, and it included but a part of what was actually published. Nodier found an indulgent biographer in Prosper Merimée on the occasion of the younger man's admission to the academy. Prosper Mérimée ( September 28, 1803 &ndash September 23, 1870) was a French dramatist historian, archaeologist
An account of his share in the Romantic movement is to be found in Georg Brandes's Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature. Georg Morris Cohen Brandes ( 4 February 1842 - 19 February 1927) was a Danish critic and scholar who had great influence on Scandinavian His Description raisonnée d'une jolie collection de livres (1844), which is a catalogue of the books in his library, contains a life by Francis Wey and a complete bibliography of his numerous works. See also Sainte-Beuve, Portraits littéraires, vol. ii. ; Prosper Merimée, Portraits historiques et littéraires (1874); and A Estignard, Correspondance inédite de Charles Nodier, 1796-1844 (1876), containing his letters to Charles Weiss. Charles Weiss (goes by Chuck and more recently Chas is an American Software designer and one of the first employees of Oracle Corporation, having joined in 1982
Ballet adaptations of Nodier's Trilby
Nodier's 1822 novel Trilby, ou le lutin d'Argail provided the inspiration for La Sylphide, 1822, to a scenario devised by Adolphe Nourrit. La Sylphide is one of the world's oldest surviving romantic Ballets There are two versions of the ballet the version choreographed by the Danish Adolphe Nourrit ( March 3 1802 &ndash March 7 1839) was a French operatic Tenor, Librettist, and In 1870 Trilby was adapated into a ballet titled Trilby by the great choreographer Marius Petipa, Balletmaster and choreographer of the Tsar's Imperial Ballet of St. Petersburg, Russia. Trilby is a Ballet in 2 Acts-3 Scenes with choreography by Marius Petipa and music by Yuli Gerber. See also Marius Ivanovich Petipa (Мариус Иванович Петипа (born Victor Marius Alphonse Petipa on 11 March 1818 in Marseille, Kingdom Tsar csar and tzar redirect here For other uses see Tsar (disambiguation. The Mariinsky Ballet, is an internationally renowned Classical ballet company based at the Mariinsky Theatre in St Petersburg, Russia. Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River
External links
Notes
- ^ "The Painter of Salzburg, journal of the emotions of a suffering heart, followed by Meditations on the Cloister".
References
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
- Oliver, A. Richard, (1964). Charles Nodier: Pilot of Romanticism (Syracuse, N. Y. : Syracuse University Press)
- Loving, M. (2003). Charles Nodier: The Romantic Librarian. Libraries & Culture, 38(2), 166-188.
| Preceded by Jean-Louis Laya |
Seat 25 Académie française 1833-1844 |
Succeeded by Prosper Mérimée |
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