Citizendia
Your Ad Here

Charles IX
King of Sweden, the Goths, the Wends, the Finns, the Kaianuus, the Lapps of the Northern Land, the Kainuus and the Estonians in Livonia
Reign 6 March 1604 – 30 October 1611
(regency from 24 July 1599)
Coronation 15 March 1607
Born 4 October 1550
Birthplace Stockholm Castle
Died 30 October 1611 (aged 61)
Place of death Nyköping Castle
Buried Strängnäs Cathedral
Predecessor Sigismund
Successor Gustav II Adolf
Consort Maria of Palatinate-Simmern
(1579 – 1589),
Christina of Holstein-Gottorp
(1592 – 1611)
Issue Catharina, Gustav II Adolf, Maria Elizabeth, Charles Philip
Royal House Vasa
Royal motto Jehovah solatium meum
("In God I Trust")
Father Gustav I
Mother Margaret Leijonhufvud

Charles IX (Swedish: Karl IX) (4 October 1550 – 30 October 1611), was King of Sweden from 1604 until his death. The monarch is the Head of state of the Kingdom of Sweden. Sweden being a Constitutional monarchy with a Representative democracy based on a The title of King of the Goths (Götes konung Gothernes konge / De Gothers konge gothorum rex was for many centuries borne by both the Kings of Sweden and the Kings of The title of King of the Wends denoted sovereignty or claims over once- Slavic lands of southern coasts of the Baltic Sea, those otherwise called Mecklenburg The terms Finns and Finnish people ( Finnish: suomalaiset, Swedish: finländare) are used in English to The Sami people are the Indigenous people of northern Europe inhabiting Sápmi, which today encompasses parts of northern Sweden, Norway Geography Norrland comprises the historical provinces ( landskap) Gästrikland, Medelpad, Ångermanland, Hälsingland, Jämtland Kainuu (Kajanaland is a region ( maakunta / landskap) of Finland. Estonians ( Estonian: eestlased, previously maarahvas) are a Finnic people closely related to the Finns and inhabiting primarily the country Livonia (Līvõmō Latvian and Livonija Estonian: Liivimaa; Finnish: Liivinmaa; German and Swedish: Livland Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of Events 637 - Antioch surrenders to the Muslim forces under Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of Iron bridge. Events 1132 - Battle of Nocera between Ranulf II of Alife and Roger II of Sicily. Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus, Events 610 - Heraclius arrives by ship from Africa at Constantinople, overthrows Byzantine Emperor Phocas The Stockholm Palace ( Swedish: Stockholms slott) is the Official residence and major royal palace of the Swedish monarch. Events 637 - Antioch surrenders to the Muslim forces under Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of Iron bridge. Nyköping Castle in Nyköping, Sweden, is a Mediaeval castle from the Birger Jarl era partly in Ruins The castle is mostly known The Strängnäs Cathedral (Strängnäs domkyrka is a church in Strängnäs, Sweden. Sigismund III Vasa (Zygmunt III Waza ( 20 June 1566 For the other Swedish kings known as Gustavus Adolphus see Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden or Gustav VI Adolf of Sweden Christina of Holstein-Gottorp ( 13 April 1573 &ndash 8 December 1625) was a Queen-Consort of Sweden, consort of king Princess Catherine of Sweden ( Prinsessan Katarina) ( 10 November 1584 &ndash 13 December 1638) was the daughter of Charles IX For the other Swedish kings known as Gustavus Adolphus see Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden or Gustav VI Adolf of Sweden Princess Maria Elizabeth of Sweden, (born at Örebro Castle 10 March 1596 - died at Bråborg Castle 7 August 1618, was a For the present-day Prince Carl Philip see Prince Carl Philip Duke of Värmland. The House of Vasa ( Swedish: Vasaätten, Polish: Waza) was the Royal House of Sweden Gustav I, born Gustav Eriksson (Colloquial 15th century Upplandic Gösta Jerksson) and later known as Gustav Vasa (12 May 1496 – 29 September Margareta Leijonhufvud ( January 1, 1516 - August 26, 1551) was a Swedish Queen consort the consort of King Gustav I and the Swedish ( is a North Germanic language spoken by more than nine million people predominantly in Sweden and parts of Finland, especially along the Events 610 - Heraclius arrives by ship from Africa at Constantinople, overthrows Byzantine Emperor Phocas Events 637 - Antioch surrenders to the Muslim forces under Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of Iron bridge. The monarch is the Head of state of the Kingdom of Sweden. Sweden being a Constitutional monarchy with a Representative democracy based on a He was the youngest son of King Gustav I of Sweden and his second wife, Margaret Leijonhufvud, brother of Eric XIV of Sweden and John III, and uncle of Sigismund III Vasa king of both Sweden and Poland. Gustav I, born Gustav Eriksson (Colloquial 15th century Upplandic Gösta Jerksson) and later known as Gustav Vasa (12 May 1496 – 29 September Margareta Leijonhufvud ( January 1, 1516 - August 26, 1551) was a Swedish Queen consort the consort of King Gustav I and the Eric XIV (Erik XIV (13 December 1533 &ndash 26 February 1577 was King of Sweden from 1560 until he was deposed in 1568 John III (Johan III Juhana III (20 December 1537 – 17 November 1592 was King of Sweden from 1568 until his death Sigismund III Vasa (Zygmunt III Waza ( 20 June 1566 By his father's will he got, by way of appanage, the Duchy of Södermanland, which included the provinces of Närke and Värmland; but he did not come into actual possession of them till after the fall of Eric and the succession to the throne of John in 1568. An apanage or appanage is the grant of an estate titles offices or other things of value to the younger male children of a sovereign who under the system of sometimes referred to under its Latin form Sudermannia, is a historical province or landskap on the south eastern coast of Sweden. is a traditional Swedish province or landskap in middle Sweden. is a historical province or landskap in the west of middle Sweden.

Contents

He came into the throne by championing the protestant cause during the increasingly tense times of religious strife between competing sects of Christianity, where forcible conversion was considered a "best course", a period where the Catholics were growing increasingly belligerent— which, in just over a decade, would break out as the Thirty Years' War—as it had already caused the dynastic squabble rooted in religious freedom that deposed his nephew and brought him to rule as king of Sweden. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings For the Mauritanian Thirty Years' War see Char Bouba war. For the band see The 30 Years War.

With his brothers' death in November of 1592, during the era beginning the end (dated 1648 by some) of both the reformation and counter-reformation—the thought processes during the tense political times viewed the inheritance of the throne of protestant Sweden by his devout Roman Catholic nephew and Habsburg ally, Sigismund of Poland and Sweden was viewed with alarm, and several years of religious controversy and discord followed. John III (Johan III Juhana III (20 December 1537 – 17 November 1592 was King of Sweden from 1568 until his death The Protestant Reformation was a reform movement in Europe that began in 1517 though its roots lie further back in time The Counter-Reformation (also Catholic Reformation denotes the period of Catholic revival from the pontificate of Pope Pius IV in 1560 to the close of the Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation.

During the period, he along with the Swedish privy council ruled in Sigismund's name while he stayed in Poland. After various preliminaries, his nephew was forced to abdicate the throne to Charles IX as regent in 1595 by the Riksens ständer, which eventually kicked off nearly seven decades of sporadic warfare as the two lines of the divided House of Vasa both continued to attempt to remake the union between the Polish and Swedish thrones with opposing counter-claims and dynastic wars. The Riksdag of the Estates, or Ståndsriksdagen, was the name used for the Estates of the Swedish realm, or Rikets ständer, when they were assembled The House of Vasa ( Swedish: Vasaätten, Polish: Waza) was the Royal House of Sweden

It is also quite likely, that the dynastic outcome between Sweden and Poland's house of Vasa was a factor which exacerbated and radicalized the later actions of Europe's Catholic princes in the Germanies such as the Edict of Restitution, and so worsened European politics to the abandonment or prevention of settling events by diplomacy and compromise during the vast bloodletting that was the Thirty Years' war. The House of Vasa ( Swedish: Vasaätten, Polish: Waza) was the Royal House of Sweden The Edict of Restitution, passed eleven years into the Thirty Years' Wars on March 6 1629 following a very litany of Catholic successes at arms For the Mauritanian Thirty Years' War see Char Bouba war. For the band see The 30 Years War.

Duke Charles

In 1568 he was the real leader of the rebellion against Eric XIV, but took no part in the designs of his brother John III against the unhappy king after his deposition. John III (Johan III Juhana III (20 December 1537 – 17 November 1592 was King of Sweden from 1568 until his death Indeed, Charles's relations with John were always more or less strained. He had no sympathy with John's High-Church tendencies on the one hand, and he sturdily resisted all the king's endeavours to restrict his authority as Duke of Södermanland on the other. The nobility and the majority of the Riksdag of the Estates supported John, however, in his endeavours to unify the realm, and Charles had consequently (1587) to resign his pretensions to autonomy within his duchy; but, fanatical Calvinist as he was, on the religious question he was immovable. The Riksdag of the Estates, or Ståndsriksdagen, was the name used for the Estates of the Swedish realm, or Rikets ständer, when they were assembled Calvinism (sometimes called the Reformed tradition, the Reformed faith, or Reformed theology) is a theological system and an approach to the The matter came to a crisis on the death of John III in 1592. The heir to the throne was John's eldest son, Sigismund of Sweden, already king of Poland and a devoted Catholic. Sigismund III Vasa (Zygmunt III Waza ( 20 June 1566 Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Catholic is an Adjective derived from the Greek adjective '' / 'katholikos' meaning "whole" or "complete". The fear lest Sigismund might re-catholicize the land alarmed the Protestant majority in Sweden—particularly the commoners and lower nobility, and Charles came forward as their champion, and also as the defender of the Vasa dynasty against foreign interference. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. The House of Vasa ( Swedish: Vasaätten, Polish: Waza) was the Royal House of Sweden

It was due entirely to him that Sigismund as king-elect was forced to confirm the resolutions at the Uppsala Synod in 1593, thereby recognizing the fact that Sweden was essentially a Protestant state. The Uppsala Synod in 1593 was the most important Synod of the Lutheran Church of Sweden. Under the agreement, Charles and the Swedish Privy Council shared power and ruled in Sigsmunds place since he resided in Poland. In the ensuing years 1593—1595, Charles's task was extraordinarily difficult. He had steadily to oppose Sigismund's reactionary tendencies and directives; he had also to curb the nobility which sought to increase their power at the expense of the absent king, which he did with cruel rigor.

Necessity compelled him to work with the clergy and people rather than the gentry; hence it was that the Riksens ständer (Riksdag) assumed under his regency government a power and an importance which it had never possessed before. The Riksdag of the Estates, or Ståndsriksdagen, was the name used for the Estates of the Swedish realm, or Rikets ständer, when they were assembled In 1595, the Riksdag of Söderköping elected Charles regent, and his attempt to force Klas Flemming, governor of Österland (Finland of the day), to submit to his authority, rather than to that of the king, provoked a civil war. Söderköping is a town in Östergötland, Sweden and the seat of Söderköping Municipality, Östergötland County. Baron Clas Eriksson Fleming (Klaus Fleming (born 1535 in Pargas, Finland; died April 13, 1597 in Pohja, Finland) Österland or Österlanden was formerly a term used for the southern part of Finland. Charles sought to increase his power and the king attempted to manage the situation by diplomacy over several years, until fed up, Sigismund got permission from the Commonwealth's legislature to pursue the matters dividing his Swedish subjects, and invaded with a mercenary army.

Technically Charles was, without doubt, guilty of high treason, and the considerable minority of all classes which adhered to Sigismund on his landing in Sweden in 1598 indisputably behaved like loyal subjects. In the events that followed, despite some initial successes, Sigismund lost the crucial Battle of Stångebro, and was captured himself, as well as forced to deliver up certain Swedish noblemen who were named traitor by Charles and the Riksens ständer. The Battle of Stångebro or Battle of Linköping took place at Linköping, Sweden on September 25, 1598, and effectively ended With Sigismund defeated and sent packing, and as both an alien and a heretic to the majority of the Swedish nation, and his formal deposition by the Riksdag of the Estates in 1599 was, in effect, a natural vindication and ex post facto legitimization of Charles's position all along, for the same session of the Riksens ständer named him as the ruler as regent. The Riksdag of the Estates, or Ståndsriksdagen, was the name used for the Estates of the Swedish realm, or Rikets ständer, when they were assembled

King Charles IX

Statue of Charles IX in Karlstad.
Statue of Charles IX in Karlstad. Karlstad is a city in Värmland, Sweden. The city has 58544 inhabitants out of a municipal total of 83500

Finally, the Riksdag at Linköping, February 24, 1600 declared that Sigismund abdicated the Swedish throne, that duke Charles was recognized as the sovereign under the title of Karl IX of Sweden (Anglicized to Charles IX in the English language). Events 303 - Galerius, Roman Emperor, publishes his edict that begins the persecution of Christians in his portion of the Charles's short reign was one of uninterrupted warfare. The hostility of Poland and the break up of Russia involved him in two overseas contests for the possession of Livonia and Ingria, while his pretensions to claim Lappland brought upon him a war with Denmark in the last year of his reign. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Laponia (Swedish Lappland) was a historical Swedish province, or landskap, in the north of Sweden which evolved from Lappmarken The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe

In all these struggles, he was more or less unsuccessful, owing partly to the fact that he and his forces had to oppose superior generals (e. g. Jan Karol Chodkiewicz and Christian IV of Denmark) and partly to sheer ill-luck. Biography He was the son of Jan Hieronim (Hieronymus Chodkiewicz Ruthenian (or Lithuanian Ruthenian rooted Castellan of Vilnius (Vilna Christian IV ( 12 April, 1577 &ndash 28 February, 1648) was the king of Denmark and Norway from 1588 until his death Compared with his foreign policy, the domestic policy of Charles IX was comparatively unimportant. It aimed at confirming and supplementing what had already been done during his regency. He did not officially become king until March 6, 1604. Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of The first deed in which the title appears is dated March 20 1604; but he was not crowned until March 15, 1607. Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus,

Colored legacy

Four and a half years later Charles IX died at Nyköping, October 30, 1611 when he was succeeded by his seventeen year old son Gustavus the Great, who'd participated in the wars. Nyköping (nɨˈʃɶpɪŋ is a city in Södermanland, Sweden and the seat of Nyköping Municipality. Events 637 - Antioch surrenders to the Muslim forces under Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of Iron bridge. For the other Swedish kings known as Gustavus Adolphus see Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden or Gustav VI Adolf of Sweden As a ruler, he is the link between his great father and his still greater son. He consolidated the work of Gustav I, the creation of a great Protestant state; he prepared the way for the erection of the Protestant empire of Gustavus Adolphus. For the other Swedish kings known as Gustavus Adolphus see Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden or Gustav VI Adolf of Sweden

Swedish historians have been excusably indulgent to the father of their greatest ruler. Indisputably Charles was cruel, ungenerous and vindictive; yet he seems, at all hazards, strenuously to have endeavoured to do his duty during a period of political and religious transition, and, despite his violence and brutality, possessed many of the qualities of a wise and courageous statesman.


Ancestors

 
 
 
 
 Johan Kristiersson (Vasa)
 
 
 Erik Johansson (Vasa)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Birgitta Gustafsdotter (Sture)
 
 
 Gustav I of Sweden (Vasa)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Måns Karlsson (Eka)
 
 
 Cecilia Månsdotter (Eka)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Sigrid Eskilsdotter (Banér)
 
Charles IX of Sweden (Vasa)
 
 
 
 
 
 Abraham Kristiernsson (Leijonhuvud)
 
 
 Erik Abrahamsson (Leijonhufvud)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Birgitta Månsdotter (Natt och Dag)
 
 
 Margareta Leijonhufvud
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Erik Karlsson (Vasa)
 
 
 Ebba Eriksdotter (Vasa)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Anna Karlsdotter (Vinstorpa)
 


Children

He married, firstly, Anna Marie of Palatinate-Simmern (1561–1589), daughter of Louis VI, Elector Palatinate (1539–1583) and Elisabeth of Hesse (1539–1584). Erik Johansson ( Vasa) was the Lord of Rydboholm Castle in the Roslagen. Gustav I, born Gustav Eriksson (Colloquial 15th century Upplandic Gösta Jerksson) and later known as Gustav Vasa (12 May 1496 – 29 September Cecilia Månsdotter, (1470s-1523 wife of Erik Johansson ( Vasa) and mother of Gustav Eriksson ( Vasa) was born around 1476 in Eka Lillkyrka Margareta Leijonhufvud ( January 1, 1516 - August 26, 1551) was a Swedish Queen consort the consort of King Gustav I and the In the history of the Holy Roman Empire, Louis VI Elector Palatine ( Simmern, 4 July 1539 &ndash 22 October 1583 The Palatinate of the Rhine (Pfalzgrafschaft bei Rhein later the Electoral Palatinate (Kurpfalz was a historical territory of the Holy Roman Empire Elisabeth of Hesse ( 13 February 1539 &ndash 14 March 1582) was a German noblewoman Their children were:

In 1592 he married his second wife Christina of Holstein-Gottorp (1573-1625), daughter of Adolf of Holstein-Gottorp (1526-1586) and Christine of Hesse (1543-1604) and first cousin of his previous wife. Christina of Holstein-Gottorp ( 13 April 1573 &ndash 8 December 1625) was a Queen-Consort of Sweden, consort of king Adolf of Holstein-Gottorp ( 25 January 1526 &ndash 1 October 1586) was the first Duke of Holstein-Gottorp from the line of Holstein-Gottorp Christine of Hesse-Kassel ( 29 June 1543 &ndash 13 May 1604) was duchess of Holstein-Gottorp as a wife of Duke Adolf of Holstein-Gottorp Their children were:

He also had a son with his mistress, Karin Nilsdotter:

See also

Karl IX
Born: October 4, 1550 Died: October 30, 1611
Regnal titles
Preceded by
Sigismund
as King of Sweden		 Regent of Sweden
1599-1604		 Succeeded by
Himself
as King of Sweden
Preceded by
Himself
as Regent of Sweden		 King of Sweden
1604-1611		 Succeeded by
Gustav II Adolf

References

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic