| Charles Heywood | |
|---|---|
| October 3, 1839 – February 26, 1915 (aged 75) | |
 9th Commandant of the Marine Corps (1891-1903) |
|
| Place of birth | Waterville, Maine |
| Place of death | Washington, D.C. |
| Allegiance | United States of America |
| Service/branch | United States Marine Corps |
| Years of service | 1858-1903 |
| Rank | Major General |
| Commands held | Commandant of the Marine Corps |
| Awards | Medal of Honor |
Major General Charles Heywood (3 October 1839 - 26 February 1915) was the ninth Commandant of the Marine Corps. Events 42 BC - First Battle of Philippi: Triumvirs Mark Antony and Octavian fight an indecisive battle with Caesar's Year 1839 ( MDCCCXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 747 BC - Epoch (origin of Ptolemy 's Nabonassar Era 364 - Valentinian I is proclaimed Year 1915 ( MCMXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Waterville is a city in Kennebec County, Maine, United States, on the west bank of the Kennebec River. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D The United States of America —commonly referred to as the In the United States Army, United States Marine Corps, and United States Air Force, major general is a two-star General officer The Commandant of the Marine Corps ( CMC) is the highest ranking officer in the United States Marine Corps and is a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff The Medal of Honor is the highest military decoration awarded by the United States government. In the United States Army, United States Marine Corps, and United States Air Force, major general is a two-star General officer Events 42 BC - First Battle of Philippi: Triumvirs Mark Antony and Octavian fight an indecisive battle with Caesar's Year 1839 ( MDCCCXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 747 BC - Epoch (origin of Ptolemy 's Nabonassar Era 364 - Valentinian I is proclaimed Year 1915 ( MCMXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The Commandant of the Marine Corps ( CMC) is the highest ranking officer in the United States Marine Corps and is a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
Biography
Heywood was born in Waterville, Maine. Waterville is a city in Kennebec County, Maine, United States, on the west bank of the Kennebec River. The State of Maine ( is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean He was appointed second lieutenant in the Marine Corps from New York, on 5 April 1858. Second Lieutenant is the lowest commissioned officer Military rank in many Armed forces. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Events 456 - St Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary bishop Year 1858 ( MDCCCLVIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common During that year he was stationed at the Marine Barracks, Washington, D.C., and at Brooklyn, New York. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D Brooklyn (named after the Dutch town Breukelen) is one of the five boroughs of New York City.
While on duty in Brooklyn he served in the 1858 quarantine riots at Staten Island, New York. Year 1858 ( MDCCCLVIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Staten Island (ˌstætənˈaɪlənd is a borough of New York City situated primarily on the island of the same name He performed special duty on the Niagara and later on board the St. Louis, of the Home Squadron, the ship seeking filibusters in Central America. A filibuster is someone who engages in an unauthorized military expedition into a foreign country to foment or support a revolution He was invalided from Aspinwall (Colón), Panama, in January 1860, and later was ordered to the sloop of war Cumberland, flagship of the Squadron of Observation at Vera Cruz, Mexico. Colón is a Sea port on the Caribbean Sea coast of Panama. The City lies near the Atlantic entrance to the Panama Canal Panama, officially the Republic of Panama (República de Panamá) is the southernmost country of Central America. In the 18th and the earlier part of the 19th centuries a sloop-of-war was a small sailing Warship (also known as one of the Escort types with a single gun deck First Mediterranean Cruise She was launched 24 May 1842 by Boston Navy Yard. The city of Veracruz is a major port city and municipality on the Gulf of Mexico in the Mexican state of Veracruz. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. In March 1861, he returned to duty on board the Cumberland and with that vessel took part in the destruction of the Norfolk Navy Yard during the Civil War. Year 1861 ( MDCCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Norfolk Naval Shipyard, often called the Norfolk Navy Yard and abbreviated as NNSY is a U Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South
In May 1861, 2ndLt Heywood was promoted to first lieutenant, and as such landed with the Marines at Hatteras Inlet, where he was present at the capture of both Fort Clark and Fort Hatteras. First Lieutenant is a Military rank. The rank of Lieutenant has different meanings in different military formations (see Comparative military ranks The Battle of Hatteras Inlet Batteries, sometimes known as the Battle of Forts Hatteras and Clark, was a small but significant engagement in the early days of the American He was advanced to captain in November of that year, and during the winter of 1861-62 participated actively in a number of boat expeditions in the James River. The James River in the US state of Virginia is a long River, including its Jackson River source
In the fight between the Cumberland and the CSS Virginia in March 1862, his conduct was particularly noteworthy while commanding the after gun deck division, firing the last gun in the fight and saving himself by jumping overboard as the Cumberland went down with her flag flying. USS Merrimack becomes CSS Virginia When the Commonwealth of Virginia seceded from the Union in 1861 one of the important federal military bases threatened He was most favorably mentioned for his gallant conduct and received the brevet rank of major for his services during the engagement. Please see " Major " for other countries that use this rank In the United States, Major is a Military rank denotes
For some time afterwards he was actively employed, both on shore and at sea, in the search for the notorious raider CSS Alabama, until he applied for duty on board the flagship Hartford. History Construction Alabama was built in secrecy by British shipbuilders John Laird Sons and Company in Liverpool, Merseyside Civil War With the outbreak of the American Civil War, Hartford was ordered home He was ordered to that vessel as Fleet Marine Officer of the West Gulf Squadron.
Major Heywood served on shore at Pensacola and was on board the Hartford in the Battle of Mobile Bay, where he received the brevet rank of lieutenant colonel for gallant and meritorious services. Pensacola is the westernmost city in the Florida Panhandle and the County seat of Escambia County. Battle Commanding the Union forces was Admiral David Farragut, while Admiral Franklin Buchanan commanded the Confederate fleet Lieutenant Colonel ( Lieutenant-Colonel in English from the French grade 's spelling is a rank of Commissioned officer in the armies During that engagement he had charge of two nine-inch guns. His services during the Civil War thus secured for him two brevet ranks for distinguished gallantry in the presence of the enemy.
From 1865 to 1867, he performed duty on board various ships, serving as Admiral Farragut's Fleet Marine Officer on the European Station and later in the same capacity in the North Atlantic Squadron. Admiral is the rank, or part of the name of the ranks of the highest Naval officers David Glasgow Farragut ( July 5 1801 &ndash August 14 1870) was the first senior or "flag" officer of the United States Navy The European Squadron, also known as the European Station, was a part of the United States Navy in the late 19th century and the early 1900s The North Atlantic Squadron was a section of the United States Navy operating in the North Atlantic. During this period he also served for a time at Washington, Norfolk and Brooklyn. On November 1, 1876, he attained regular rank of major to which he had been brevetted more than ten years before, and was ordered to command the Marine Barracks, Washington, D. Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi Year 1876 ( MDCCCLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year C.
During the serious labor riots of the summer of 1877, Major Heywood commanded a battalion of Marines at Baltimore, Philadelphia, and Reading, Pennsylvania. Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə Reading (ˈrɛdɪŋ is the county seat of Berks County Pennsylvania and the center of the Greater Reading Area. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ( often colloquially referred to as PA (its abbreviation by natives and Northeasterners is a state located in the Northeastern He was honorably mentioned by General Hancock, U.S. Army, who was in general command, and received thanks from the Navy Department for his services. Winfield Scott Hancock ( February 14 1824 &ndash February 9 1886) was a career U The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. The United States Department of the Navy was established by an Act of Congress on April 30 1798 to provide administrative and technical support and civilian leadership His next years of duty carried him to widely separated posts — Mare Island, California, and Brooklyn, New York. Mare Island is a Peninsula alongside the city of Vallejo California, about northeast of San Francisco. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean.
In April 1885, he organized, within twenty-four hours from the time of the order, a battalion of 250 Marines for duty on the Isthmus of Panama to open the transit. The Isthmus of Panama, also historically known as the Isthmus of Darien, is the narrow strip of land that lies between the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Subsequently under his command on the Isthmus were 800 Marines in addition to a strong detachment of United States Navy and the artillery. Artillery (from French artillerie) is a military Combat Arm which employs any apparātus machine For his arduous services the admiral commanding asked Major Heywood to "receive his grateful acknowledgements. "
Major Heywood was promoted to lieutenant colonel on 9 March 1888, and on January 30, 1891 was appointed Colonel Commandant of the Marine Corps. Events 590 - Bahram Chobin is crowned as king Barham VI of Persia. Year 1888 ( MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 1648 - Eighty Years' War: The Treaty of Münster is signed ending the conflict between the Netherlands and Spain Year 1891 ( MDCCCXCI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Colonel ( RP ˈkɜnəl GA ˈkɜrnəl is a Military rank of a Commissioned officer, with corresponding ranks existing in almost every country By special acts of Congress he was promoted to brigadier general in March 1899 and to major general in July 1902. The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses Brigadier General is the lowest ranking General Officer in some countries usually sitting between the ranks of Colonel and Major General. He was the first Marine to hold the rank of Major General (United States)|major general]]. In the United States Army, United States Marine Corps, and United States Air Force, major general is a two-star General officer
The energy, experience and training which he had shown and obtained in his early days in the Marine Corps were fully brought into play from the moment he assumed command of the Corps. At that time the Marine Corps consisted of 75 officers and 2,100 enlisted men, which gradually rose during his tenure of office until at the time of his retirement in 1903, it had reached the total of 278 officers and 7,532 enlisted personnel, the highest strength up to that point.
He kept in mind the problem of more closely associating the Corps with the Navy so that the work of the two could be in the closest harmony. He was the first to establish a regular system of examinations for officers for promotion and set up the system of officers' schools, which has continued with slight interruption since then.
By increasing the efficiency of the Corps he tried to demonstrate to the Navy how absolutely essential it was as an auxiliary to the naval service. Under his administration the number of Marine Corps posts were increased from twelve to twenty-one. There was scarcely a regular post at which MajGen Heywood was not able to provide new barracks or officers' quarters.
He caused the regular system of target practice to be established and adopted good conduct medals for the betterment of the discipline in the Marine Corps. The declaration of war with Spain in 1898 found the Marine Corps well prepared. A declaration of war is a formal performative Speech act or signing of a document by an authorised party of a government in order to initate a state of War Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Year 1898 ( MDCCCXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common
Major General Heywood closed a most distinguished career of over forty-five years as a commissioned officer in the Marine Corps, when on 3 October 1903, in accordance with law, having attained the age of 64 years, he was placed on the retired list. Events 42 BC - First Battle of Philippi: Triumvirs Mark Antony and Octavian fight an indecisive battle with Caesar's Year 1903 ( MCMIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting
His death occurred in Washington, D. C. , on February 26, 1915, and his remains were interred in Arlington National Cemetery. Events 747 BC - Epoch (origin of Ptolemy 's Nabonassar Era 364 - Valentinian I is proclaimed Year 1915 ( MCMXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Arlington National Cemetery, in Arlington Virginia, is a military cemetery in the United States, established during the American Civil War
See also
References
This article includes text from the public domain Marine Corps History Division website. The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
- Major General Charles Heywood, USMC. Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps. Retrieved on 2006-11-19. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1095 - The Council of Clermont, called by Pope Urban II to discuss sending the First Crusade to the Holy Land
- The Records of Living Officers of the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps, Sixth Edition, 1889, by Lewis Randolph Hamersly. Charles Heywood. Retrieved on 2007-04-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans)
| Preceded by Col Charles McCawley |
Commandant of the United States Marine Corps 1891–1903 |
Succeeded by MajGen George F. Elliott |
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