Sir Charles Galton Darwin, KBE, MC, FRS (18 December 1887–13 December 1962) was an English physicist, the grandson of Charles Darwin. The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British Order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by King George V. The Military Cross ( MC) is the third level Military decoration awarded to officers and (since 1993 other ranks of the British Army and formerly also to The Royal Society of London for the Improvement of Natural Knowledge, known simply as The Royal Society, is a Learned society for science that was founded in 1660 Events 218 BC - Second Punic War: Battle of the Trebia - Hannibal 's Carthaginian forces defeat those of the Year 1887 ( MDCCCLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1294 - Saint Celestine V abdicates the papacy after only five months Celestine hoped to return to his previous life Year 1962 ( MCMLXII) was a Common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland A physicist is a Scientist who studies or practices Physics. Physicists study a wide range of physical phenomena in many branches of physics spanning Charles Robert Darwin (February 12 1809 &ndash April 19 1882 was an English naturalist, who realised and demonstrated that all Species of life He served as director of the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) during the Second World War. The National Physical Laboratory (NPL is the national Measurement standards laboratory for the United Kingdom, based at Bushy Park in Teddington World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including
Biography
Darwin was born in Cambridge, England into a fine scientific dynasty, the son of the mathematician George Howard Darwin and the grandson of Charles Darwin. The city of Cambridge (ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒ is a university town and the administrative centre of the county of Cambridgeshire, England A mathematician is a person whose primary area of study and research is the field of Mathematics. Sir George Howard Darwin, FRS ( July 9 1845 &ndash Cambridge, December 7 1912) was an English His mother was Maud du Puy of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ( often colloquially referred to as PA (its abbreviation by natives and Northeasterners is a state located in the Northeastern His sister was the artist Gwen Raverat, and his other sister Margaret married Geoffrey Keynes, the brother of the economist John Maynard Keynes. Gwendoline Mary "Gwen" Raverat née Darwin ( 26 August 1885 – 11 February 1957) was a celebrated English Wood engraving Sir Geoffrey Langdon Keynes ( March 25, 1887 in Cambridge – July 5, 1982, in Cambridge) was an English Biographer John Maynard Keynes 1st Baron Keynes CB (ˈkeɪnz "cains" (5 June 1883 &ndash 21 April 1946 was a British Economist whose ideas
Darwin was educated at Marlborough College and, in 1910, he graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge in mathematics. Marlborough College is an English independent, Co-educational Boarding school in the county of Wiltshire. Year 1910 ( MCMX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Trinity College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England. Mathematics is the body of Knowledge and Academic discipline that studies such concepts as Quantity, Structure, Space and No doubt, his family connections helped him to quickly secure a post-graduate position at the Victoria University of Manchester, working under Ernest Rutherford and Niels Bohr on Rutherford's atomic theory. The Victoria University of Manchester (commonly known as the University of Manchester) was a University in Manchester, England. Ernest Rutherford 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson, OM, PC, FRS (30 August 1871 – 19 October 1937 was a New Zealand Physicist Niels Henrik David Bohr (nels ˈb̥oɐ̯ˀ in Danish 7 October 1885 – 18 November 1962 was a Danish Physicist who made fundamental contributions to understanding History See also Atomic theory, Atomism The concept that matter is composed of discrete units and cannot be divided into arbitrarily tiny In 1912, his interests developed into using his mathematical skills assisting Henry Moseley on X-ray diffraction. Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting Henry Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley ( November 23, 1887 – August 10, 1915) was an English physicist. X-radiation (composed of X-rays) is a form of Electromagnetic radiation. Diffraction is normally taken to refer to various phenomena which occur when a wave encounters an obstacle
On the outbreak of World War I, he joined the Royal Engineers, where he worked on problems in ballistics, and later served in the Royal Flying Corps. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The Corps of Royal Engineers, usually just called the Royal Engineers ( RE) and commonly known as the Sappers, is one of the corps Ballistics ( gr βάλλειν ('ba'llein' "throw" is the science of Mechanics that deals with the motion behavior and effects of Projectiles The Royal Flying Corps (RFC was the over-land air arm of the British military during most of the First World War. From 1919 to 1922 he was a lecturer and fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge where he worked with R.H. Fowler on statistical mechanics and, what came to be known as, the Darwin-Fowler method. Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1922 ( MCMXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Christ’s College is one of the colleges of the University of Cambridge. Sir Ralph Howard Fowler OBE FRS ( January 17 1889 &ndash July 28 1944) was a British Physicist and Astronomer Statistical mechanics is the application of Probability theory, which includes mathematical tools for dealing with large populations to the field of Mechanics He then worked for a year at the California Institute of Technology before becoming Tait professor of natural philosophy at the University of Edinburgh in 1924, working on quantum optics and magneto-optic effects. The California Institute of Technology (commonly referred to as Caltech) is a private, Coeducational research university located in Pasadena For the current in the 19th century German idealism see Naturphilosophie Natural philosophy or the philosophy of nature (from The University of Edinburgh (Oilthigh Dhùn Èideann founded in 1582 is a renowned centre for teaching and research in Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Quantum optics is a field of research in Physics, dealing with the application of Quantum mechanics to phenomena involving Light and its interactions A magneto-optic effect is any one of a number of phenomena in which an Electromagnetic wave propagates through a medium that has been altered by the presence of a quasistatic He also anticipated some of P.A.M. Dirac's relativistic theory of the electron. This page is about the scientific concept of relativity for philosophical or sociological theories about relativity see Relativism. The electron is a fundamental Subatomic particle that was identified and assigned the negative charge in 1897 by J
In 1925 he married Katharine Pember, a mathematician. They had four sons and a daughter:
- George Pember Darwin (1928-2001) who in 1964 married Angela Huxley, daughter of David Bruce Huxley. She was also a granddaughter of the writer Leonard Huxley and a great-granddaughter of Thomas Huxley, "Darwin's Bulldog". Leonard Huxley ( December 11, 1860 - May 2 1933) was a British Schoolteacher, Writer and editor. Thomas Henry Huxley PC FRS (4 May 1825 – 29 June 1895 was an English Biologist, known as "Darwin's Bulldog" for his advocacy
- Henry Galton Darwin (born 1929)
- Francis William Darwin (born 1932)
- Edward Leonard Darwin
- Cecily Darwin, married John Littleton of Pennsylvania.
In 1936 Darwin became master of Christ's College, beginning his career as an active and able administrator, becoming director of the National Physical Laboratory on the approach of war in 1938. Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The National Physical Laboratory (NPL is the national Measurement standards laboratory for the United Kingdom, based at Bushy Park in Teddington Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. He served in the role into the post-war period, unafraid to seek improved laboratory performance through re-organisation, but spending much of the war years on scientific missions to the USA. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the
On his retirement, his attention turned to issues of population, genetics and eugenics, unsurprisingly given his familial inheritance. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Genetics (from Ancient Greek grc-Latn genetikos, “genitive” and that from grc-Latn genesis, “origin” a discipline of Biology, is Eugenics is a social Philosophy which advocates the improvement of Human Hereditary traits through various forms of intervention His conclusions were pessimistic and entailed a resigned belief in an inevitable Malthusian catastrophe, as described in his 1952 book The Next Million Years. Pessimism, from the Latin pessimus (worst is the decision to evaluate perceive and view life in a generally negative light A Malthusian catastrophe (or Malthusian check, crisis, dilemma, disaster, trap, controls, or limit) is a return Year 1952 ( MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
In later years he travelled widely, an enthusiastic collaborator across national borders and an able communicator of scientific ideas. He died in Cambridge.
Honours
- Fellow of the Royal Society - (1922)
- President of the Physical Society - (1941-1944)
- KBE - (1942)
- President of the Eugenics Society - (1953-1959)
- Honorary degrees from the University of Manchester, St Andrew's College and Trinity College, Dublin
External links
| Preceded by William Lawrence Bragg |
Managing Director of the National Physical Laboratory 1938–1949 |
Succeeded by Edward Bullard |
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