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Born November 27, 1874(1874-11-27)
Knightstown, Indiana, U.S.
Died September 1, 1948 (aged 73)
New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.

Charles Austin Beard (November 27, 1874 – September 1, 1948) is widely regarded, along with Frederick Jackson Turner, as one of the two most influential American historians of the early 20th century. Events 1095 - Pope Urban II declares the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont Year 1874 ( MDCCCLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Knightstown is a town in Wayne Township, Henry County, Indiana, along the Big Blue River. The State of Indiana ( was the 19th US state admitted into the union The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Connecticut ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Events 1095 - Pope Urban II declares the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont Year 1874 ( MDCCCLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. For other people of this same name see Frederick Jackson and Frederick Turner Frederick Jackson Turner ( November 14, 1861 While Beard published hundreds of monographs, textbooks and interpretive studies in both history and political science, he is most widely known for his radical re-evaluation of the Founding Fathers of the United States, whom he believed were more motivated by economics than by philosophical principles. A monograph ( Classical Greek, "One Writer" or "Single Writing") is a work of writing upon a single subject usually also by a single The Founding Fathers of the United States are the Political leaders who signed the Declaration of Independence or otherwise participated in the

Contents

Progressive Historiography

As a leader of the "Progressive School" of historiography, he introduced themes of economic self-interest and economic conflict regarding the adoption of the Constitution and the transformations caused by the Civil War. Thus he emphasized the long-term conflict among industrialists in the Northeast, farmers in the Midwest, and planters in the South that he saw as the cause of the Civil War. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South His study of the financial interests of the drafters of the United States Constitution (An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution) seemed radical in 1913, since he proposed that the U. The Constitution of the United States of America is the supreme Law of the United States. An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution of the United States is a 1913 book by American Historian Charles A Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common S. Constitution was a product of economically determinist, land-holding founding fathers. He saw ideology as a product of economic interests.

Beard's most influential book was the wide-ranging and bestselling The Rise of American Civilization (1927) and its two sequels, America in Midpassage (1939), and The American Spirit (1943), written with Mary Beard.

Dealing with Reconstruction and the Gilded Age, disciples of Beard such as Howard Beale and C. Vann Woodward focused on greed and economic causation and emphasized the centrality of corruption. Comer Vann Woodward ( November 13, 1908 - December 17, 1999) was a pre-eminent American Historian focusing primarily on They argued that the rhetoric of equal rights was a smokescreen hiding their true motivation, which was promoting the interests of industrialists in the Northeast. The basic flaw was the assumption that there was a unified business policy. Scholars in the 1950s and 1960s demonstrated that businessmen were widely divergent on monetary or tariff policy. While Pennsylvania businessmen wanted high tariffs, those in other states did not; the railroads were hurt by the tariffs on steel, which they purchased in large quantity. [1] Forrest McDonald In We The People: The Economic Origins of the Constitution (1958) argued that Charles Beard had misinterpreted the economic interests involved in writing the Constitution. Forrest McDonald (born January 7, 1927) is an American Historian who has written extensively on the early national period on Republicanism Instead of two interests, landed and mercantile, which conflicted, there were three dozen identifiable interests that forced the delegates to bargain.

Beard's economic approach lost influence in the history profession after 1950 as conservative scholars suggested serious flaws in Beard's research, and attention turned away from economic causation. [2]

Labor education

Beard's interest in progressive higher education was an early one. In 1899, he collaborated with Walter Vrooman at Oxford in the founding of Ruskin Hall, which was billed as an accessible school for the working man. Year 1899 ( MDCCCXCIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Oxford is currently bidding for the 2010 Wikimania Conference Oxford () is a city, and the County town of Oxfordshire, Ruskin College is an independent educational institution in Oxford, England. In exchange for considerable reduction in tuition students worked at the school's various businesses.

After resigning from Columbia University in protest in 1917, he helped to found the New School for Social Research in New York, and advised on reconstructing Tokyo after the earthquake of 1923. Columbia University is a private University in the United States and a member of the Ivy League. This is about the university in New York; for other uses see New School (disambiguation. The City of New York officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū. Although enormously influential through his massive writings, he did not have graduate students or build a school of historiography.

Mary Beard

Beard attended and graduated from DePauw University in 1898. DePauw University in Greencastle Indiana, USA is a private national liberal arts college with an enrollment of approximately 2400 students It was at DePauw that he met one of the founders of Kappa Alpha Theta (the first Greek-letter society for women), Mary Ritter Beard. Kappa Alpha Theta ( ΚΑΘ) is an international women's fraternity founded on January 27, 1870 at DePauw University. Mary Ritter Beard ( August 5, 1876 in Indianapolis Indiana – August 14, 1958) was an influential American Historian They later married. Many of his books were written in collaboration with his wife, whose own interests lay in feminism and the labor union movement (Woman as a Force in History, 1946). Feminism is a discourse that involves various movements theories, and Philosophies which are concerned with the issue of Gender difference, advocate A trade union or labour union is an organization of workers who have banded together to achieve common goals in key areas such as wages hours and working conditions forming Together they wrote a popular survey, The Beards: Basic History of the United States.

Isolationist foreign policy

Starting as a leading liberal supporter of the New Deal, Beard turned against Franklin D. Roosevelt's aggressive foreign policy. The New Deal was the name that United States President Franklin D Beard promoted "American Continentalism," arguing that the U. S. had no vital stake in Europe, and that a foreign war would threaten dictatorship at home. Beard was thus one of the leading proponents of United States non-interventionism. The diplomatic policy whereby a nation seeks to avoid alliances with other nations in order to avoid being drawn into wars not related to direct territorial self-defense has had a long history After the war, Beard's last work (President Roosevelt and the Coming of the War, 1948) blamed Roosevelt for lying to the American people and tricking them into war. It generated angry controversy as internationalists denounced Beard as an apologist for isolationism. As a result, Beard's reputation collapsed among liberal historians who previously had admired him. His whole interpretation of history came under widespread attack, though a few leading historians such as Beale and Woodward clung to the Beardian interpretation of American history.

Recently however, Beard's isolationist approach, especially his advocacy of a non-interventionist foreign policy, have enjoyed something of a comeback. Andrew Bacevich, a historian of diplomacy from Boston University, has used Beard's skepticism towards armed intervention overseas as a starting point for his own critique of post-Cold War American foreign policy. Andrew J Bacevich (born 1947 in Normal Illinois) is a Professor of International relations at Boston University, former director of its Center For similarly-named academic institutions see Education in Boston MA. Beard is heavily cited in Bacevich's analysis of this policy, American Empire. In addition, Beard's foreign policy views have become popular with supporters of paleoconservatism, such as Pat Buchanan. Paleoconservatism (sometimes shortened to paleo or paleocon when the context is clear is a term for an anti-communist and Anti-authoritarian Patrick Joseph "Pat" Buchanan (born November 2 1938 is an American Political commentator, Author, syndicated Columnist Beard's stress on economic causation influenced the "Wisconsin school" of New Left historians William Appleman Williams, Gabriel Kolko, and James Weinstein. The New Left were the Left-wing movements in different countries in the 1960s and 1970s that unlike the earlier leftist focus on union activism instead adopted a William Appleman Williams (1921&ndash1990 was one of the 20th century's most prominent Historians of American Diplomacy. Gabriel Kolko (born 1932 is a Historian and author Kolko received his Ph James Weinstein ( July 17, 1926, New York City &ndash June 16, 2005, Chicago) was an American historian and

Leadership positions as Political Scientist, Historian

In the field of political science, Beard was active in the American Political Science Association and was elected as its President in 1926. The American Political Science Association ( APSA) is an organization dedicated to Political science. [3] He was also a member of the American Historical Association and served as its president in 1933. The American Historical Association ( AHA) is the oldest and largest society of Historians and Teachers of History in the United States [4] He was best known for his studies of the Constitution, and for his creation of bureaus of municipal research and his studies of public administration in cities, including a famous study of Tokyo, The Administration and Politics of Tokyo, (1923).

References

  1. ^ Hofstadter, Richard. The Progressive Historians: Turner, Beard, Parrington. 1979
  2. ^ Hofstadter 1969
  3. ^ Past Presidents List, APSA website.
  4. ^ Past Presidents List, AHA website.

Bibliography

Primary sources

External links

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