A chaplain is typically a priest, pastor, ordained deacon or other member of the clergy serving a group of people who are not organized as a mission or church, or who are unable to attend church for various reasons; such as health, confinement, or military or civil duties; lay chaplains are also found in other settings such as universities. Building christening and commissioning The Ronald Reagan was the first aircraft carrier to be named in honor of a living former president A priest or priestess is a person having the authority or power to administer religious rites in particular rites of sacrifice to and propitiation of a deity or deities A pastor is an official person within a Protestant group of people and related to the positions of Priest or Bishop within the Anglican, Roman Catholic Deacon is a role in the Christian Church that is generally associated with service of some kind but which varies among theological and denominational traditions Clergy is the generic term used to describe the formal religious leadership within a given Religion. In religious organizations the laity comprises all persons who are not Clergy. A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects For example a chaplain is often attached to a military unit (often known as padre), a private chapel, a ship, a prison, a hospital, a high school, college or especially boarding school, even a parliamentary assembly and so on. A military is an Organization authorized by its Nation to use force usually including use of Weapons in defending its Country (or by attacking A chapel is a holy place or area of Worship for Christians, which may be attached to an institution such as a large church, a College, a A ship /ʃɪp/ is a large vessel that floats on water Ships are generally distinguished from Boats based on size A prison, penitentiary, or correctional facility is a place in which individuals are physically confined or interned and usually deprived of a range of A hospital is an institution for Health care providing treatment by specialised staff and equipment and often but not always providing for High school is the name used in some parts of the world (in particular Scotland, North America and Australia) to describe an institution TalkParliament#Screen-size. -->A parliament is a Legislature, especially in those In recent years many non-ordained persons have received professional training in chaplaincy and are now appointed as chaplains in schools, hospitals, universities, prisons and elsewhere to work alongside or instead of ordained chaplains.
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Education
Chaplains generally receive training depending on the type of chaplaincy and the particular organization. [1]
Military chaplains receive military and continuous professional developmental training through their particular branch of the service.
Types of chaplains
Military
A chaplain provides spiritual and pastoral support for service personnel, including the conduct of religious services at sea or in the field. Tikrit (تكريت Tikrīt also transliterated as Takrit or Tekrit) is a town in Iraq, located For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. A military chaplain is a Chaplain that ministers to members of the Military. Military chaplains have a long history; the first English military-oriented chaplains, for instance, were priests on board proto-naval vessels during the eighth century A. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland D. Land based chaplains appeared during the reign of King Edward I. Edward I (17 June 1239 – 7 July 1307 popularly known as Longshanks, was a King of England who achieved historical fame by conquering large parts of Wales and almost The current form of military chaplain dates from the era of the First World War. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All
Chaplains are nominated in different ways in different countries. A military chaplain can be an army-trained soldier with additional theological training or a priest nominated to the army by religious authorities. Theology is the study of a god or the gods from a religious perspective In the United Kingdom the Ministry of Defence employs chaplains but their authority comes from their sending church. The Ministry of Defence ( MoD) is the United Kingdom government department responsible for implementation of government defence policy and is the headquarters Royal Navy chaplains undertake a 16 week bespoke induction and training course including a short course at Britannia Royal Naval College and specialist fleet time at sea alongside a more experienced chaplain. Bespoke is usually a British English term for Tailored clothing (including coats suits and shirts made at a customer's request and exactly to the Naval Chaplains called to service with the Royal Marines undertake a gruelling 5 month long Commando Course, and if successful wear the commandos' Green Beret. British Army chaplains undertake seven weeks training at The Armed Forces Chaplaincy Centre Amport House and The Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. Amport House, currently the British Armed Forces Chaplaincy Centre (AFCC is a manor house at near Andover Hampshire. Royal Air Force chaplains must complete 12 weeks Specialist Entrant course at the RAF College Cranwell followed by a Chaplains' Induction Course at Armed Forces Chaplaincy Centre Amport House of a further 2 weeks. Amport House, currently the British Armed Forces Chaplaincy Centre (AFCC is a manor house at near Andover Hampshire. In the United States military, chaplains must be endorsed by their religious affiliation in order to serve on active duty. [2][3]
Military Chaplains are normally accorded officer status, although Sierra Leone had a Naval Lance Corporal chaplain in 2001. Sierra Leone, officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country in West Africa. In most navies, their badges and insignia do not differentiate their levels of responsibility and status. By contrast, in Air Forces and Armies, they typically carry ranks and are differentiated by crosses or other equivalent religious insignia. However, United States military chaplains Association and every branch carry both rank and Chaplain Corps insignia.
Though the Geneva Conventions do not state whether chaplains may bear arms, they specify (Protocol I, 8 June 1977, Art 43. The Geneva Conventions consist of four Treaties formulated in Geneva, Switzerland, that set the standards for International law for humanitarian Events 68 - The Roman Senate accepts emperor Galba. 536 - St Silverius becomes Pope (probable 2) that chaplains are noncombatants. Non-combatant is a military and legal term describing Civilians not engaged in combat In recent years both the UK and US have required chaplains, but not medical personnel, to be unarmed. Other nations, notably Norway, Denmark and Sweden, make it an issue of individual conscience. Captured chaplains are not considered Prisoners of War (Third Convention, 12 August 1949, Chapter IV Art 33) and must be returned to their home nation unless retained to minister to prisoners of war. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon - Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid
Inevitably, serving chaplains have died in action, sometimes in significant numbers. The U. S. Army and Marines lost 100 chaplains killed in action during WWII: a casualty rate greater "than any other branch of the services except the infantry and the Army Air Corps" (Crosby, 1994, pxxiii). Many have been decorated for bravery in action (five have won Britain's highest award for gallantry, the Victoria Cross). See below the section "Separate Commonwealth awards" Note that since The Chaplain's Medal for Heroism is a special U.S. military decoration given to military chaplains who have been killed in the line of duty, although it has to date only been awarded to the famous Four Chaplains, all of whom died in the USAT Dorchester sinking in 1943 after giving up their lifejackets to others. The Chaplain's Medal for Heroism is a decoration of the United States military which was authorized by an act of the United States Congress on January 18 Awards and decorations of the United States military are Military decorations which recognize service and personal accomplishments while a member of the United States armed The Four Chaplains were four United States Army Chaplains who gave their lives to save other Soldiers during the sinking of the USAT ''Dorchester'' See USS Dorchester for commissioned United States Navy warships of this name
At times, the existence of military chaplains has been challenged in countries that have a separation of Church and State. Separation of church and state is a Political and Legal Doctrine that Government and religious institutions are to be kept separate [4][5]
Health care
- See also: College of Health Care Chaplains
Many hospitals and hospices employ chaplains to assist with the spiritual needs of patients, families and staff. The College of Health Care Chaplains (CHCC is one of the three UK national Professional associations for Chaplains working in Health care, including A chaplain is typically a Priest, Pastor, ordained Deacon, Rabbi, Imam or other member of the Clergy serving a group of A patient is any person who receives medical attention care or treatment.
In the United States, health care chaplains are typically educated through the Association for Clinical Pastoral Education and may be certified by one of the following organizations: The Association of Professional Chaplains, The National Association of Catholic Chaplains, The National Association of Jewish Chaplains,or The College of Pastoral Supervision and Psychotherapy. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Certification typically requires a Masters of Divinity degree (or its equivalent), faith group ordination or commissioning, faith group endorsement, and four units (1600 hours) of Clinical Pastoral Education (the United States Military Chaplains Association does require more, but they are a dod2088 501c-3 military support group founded in 1954 by Military Chaplains. [6]
In Canada, Health Care Chaplains may be certified by the Canadian Association for Pastoral Practice and Education. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page
In the UK, Health Care Chaplains are employed by their local NHS Trust or by charities associated with hospice. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The definition of charitable organization, and of charity varies according to the country and in some instances the region of the country in which the charitable organization operates Palliative care (from Latin palliare to cloak is any form of medical care or treatment that concentrates on reducing the severity of Disease Symptoms The majority work part-time, combining their role with another post, either in a local Church or another chaplaincy. A part-time job carries fewer hours per week than a Full-time job and usually pays less than a full-time job The professional body is the College of Health Care Chaplains. A professional body or professional organization also known as a professional association or professional society is an organization usually Non-profit, that exists The College of Health Care Chaplains (CHCC is one of the three UK national Professional associations for Chaplains working in Health care, including Membership is not compulsory but may be advantageous as it carries with it membership of a Trade Union. A trade union or labour union is an organization of workers who have banded together to achieve common goals in key areas such as wages hours and working conditions forming Chaplains working in a palliative care setting may also choose to join the Association of Hospice and Palliative Care Chaplains. Palliative care (from Latin palliare to cloak is any form of medical care or treatment that concentrates on reducing the severity of Disease Symptoms The Association of Hospice and Palliative Care Chaplains (AHPCC is a UK Professional body, existing specifically for Chaplains working in a Hospice and/or
Corporate
Some businesses, large or small, employ chaplains for their staff and/or clientele. According to The Economist (August 25 2007, p64) there are 4,000 corporate chaplains in the U. S. alone, with the majority being employees of specialist chaplaincy companies such as Marketplace Chaplains USA or Corporate Chaplains of America. According to the Marketplace Chaplains USA, turnover at Taco Bell outlets in central Texas dropped by a third after they started employing chaplains.
Sports
A sports chaplain provides pastoral care for the sports person and the broader sports community including the coach, administrators and their families. A sports chaplain provides Pastoral care for the sports person and the broader sports community including the coach, Administrators and their families Coach (baseball|Coach (basketball|Coach (ice hockeyIn Sports a coach or manager is an individual involved in the direction instruction and training of the operations
Chaplains to sports communities have existed since the middle of the 20th century and have significantly grown in the past 20 years. The United States, United Kingdom and Australia have well established Christian sports chaplaincy ministries. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth In Christian churches, a minister is someone who is authorized by a church or religious organization to perform clergy functions such as teaching of beliefs
Sports Chaplains consist of people from many different walks of life. Most commonly, the chaplains are ministers or full time Christian workers but occasionally, chaplaincy work is done without charge or any financial remuneration. Often, sports chaplains to a particular sport are former participants of that sport. This helps the chaplain to not only provide spiritual support and guidance to a player, but gives them the ability to empathize and related to some of the challenges facing the participant with whom they are ministering.
Domestic
A domestic chaplain was a chaplain attached to a noble household in order to grant the family a degree of self-sufficiency in religion. Nobility is a government-privileged title which may be either hereditary (see Hereditary titles) or for a lifetime The household is the basic unit of analysis in many Social, Microeconomic and Government models The chaplain was freed from any obligation to reside in a particular place so could travel with the family, internationally if necessary, and minister to their spiritual needs. Further, the family could appoint a chaplain who reflected their own doctrinal views. Domestic chaplains performed family christenings, funerals and weddings and were able to conduct services in the family's private chapel, excusing the nobility from attending public worship. [7]
In feudal times most laymen, and for centuries even most noblemen, were poorly educated and the chaplain would also be an important source of scholarship in the household, tutoring children and providing counsel to the family on matters broader than religion. A scholarship is an award of access to an institution or a financial aid award for an individual student scholar for the purpose of furthering their Education [7] Before the advent of the legal profession, modern bureaucracy and civil service, the literate clergy were often employed as secretarial staff, as in a chancery. A lawyer, according to Black's Law Dictionary, is "a person learned in the law as an attorney, Counsel or Solicitor; a person Bureaucracy is the structure and set of regulations in place to control activity usually in large organizations and government See also Bureaucrat The term civil service has two distinct meanings Branch of governmental service in which individuals are hired on the basis A secretary is either an administrative assistant in business office administration, or a certain type of mid- or high-level governmental position such as a Chancellor or chancellour (archaic ( Latin: cancellarius) is an official Title used in countries whose civilization has arisen Hence the term clerk, derived from Latin clericus (clergyman). This made them very influential in temporal affairs. There was also a moral impact since they heard the confessions of the elite.
The domestic chaplain was an important part of the life of the peerage in England from the reign of Henry VIII to the middle of the nineteenth century. The Peerage is a system of Titles of Nobility in the United Kingdom, part of the British honours system. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Henry VIII (28 June 1491 &ndash 28 January 1547 was King of England and Lord of Ireland, later King of Ireland and claimant to the Kingdom of Up until 1840, Anglican domestic chaplains were regulated by law and enjoyed the substantial financial advantage of being able to purchase a license to hold two benefices simultaneously while residing in neither. Anglicanism is a tradition of Christian faith Churches in this tradition either have historical connections to the Church of England or have similar beliefs Law is a system of rules enforced through a set of Institutions used as an instrument to underpin civil obedience politics economics and society The verb license or grant license means to give permission The noun license is the document demonstrating that permission Originally a benefice was a gift of land ( Precaria) for life as a reward for services rendered [7]
Many historical monarchies and major noble houses had, and as of 2008 still have one, and often several domestic or private chaplains as part of their Ecclesiastical Household, either following them or attached to a castle or other residence. Nobility is a government-privileged title which may be either hereditary (see Hereditary titles) or for a lifetime 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The Ecclesiastical Household is a part of the Royal Household of the Sovereign of the United Kingdom. Castles with attached chaplains generally had at least one Chapel Royal, sometimes as significant as a cathedral. A Chapel Royal is a department of the Ecclesiastical Household of the monarch in right of each of the Commonwealth realms formally known as the royal This article is about the history and organisation of the cathedral A modern example is St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, also the home of the Order of the Garter. The Most Noble Order of the Garter is an Order of chivalry, or Knighthood, originating in Medieval England, and presently bestowed on recipients
Other
Chaplains also can be attached to sports teams, emergency services agencies, educational institutions and colleges, private clubs, scout troops, ships, hospitals, prisons, nightclubs, private companies and corporations. Animal chaplains provide a wide array of services to the Community, including Pet loss grief support animal Memorial services Praying for Hospice chaplain s or geriatrics chaplain s are simply Chaplains often assigned by or working with Hospitals seminaries or Volunteer organisations The International Christian Maritime Association (ICMA is an ecumenical association of 27 Christian organisations representing different churches and Christian communities Scouting, also known as the Scout Movement, is a worldwide Youth movement with the stated aim of supporting young people in their physical mental and spiritual A hospital is an institution for Health care providing treatment by specialised staff and equipment and often but not always providing for A prison, penitentiary, or correctional facility is a place in which individuals are physically confined or interned and usually deprived of a range of A nightclub (or "night club" or "club" is a drinking, dancing, and entertainment venue which does its primary business after dark A corporation is a separate legal entity usually used to conduct business Chaplains also serve in hospice programs and retirement centers. Palliative care (from Latin palliare to cloak is any form of medical care or treatment that concentrates on reducing the severity of Disease Symptoms A retirement home is a multi-residence housing facility intended for the Elderly. The term can also refer to priests attached to Roman Catholic convents. A convent is a community of Priests religious brothers religious sisters or Nuns or the building used by the community particularly in the Roman Catholic Church
Chaplains in fiction
Chaplains have appeared as characters in several works of fiction about historical and imagined militaries. Father Mulcahy, a character in the M*A*S*H novels, film, and TV series, is perhaps the best known fictional chaplain. John Patrick Francis Mulcahy, commonly called Father Mulcahy, is a principal character from the Film M*A*S*H, played by Rene Auberjonois The M*A*S*H book series comprises several Novels that inspired the M*A*S*H series including the movie and TV series. See also M*A*S*H (TV series, M*A*S*H MASH is a American satirical Dark comedy Film directed by Robert Altman M*A*S*H was a Medical drama / Black comedy produced by 20th Television Fox for CBS.
The profession of military chaplaincy is reflected in several major works of world literature, such as in the Herman Melville novella Billy Budd, Jaroslav Hasek's novel The Good Soldier Švejk, and Joseph Heller's novel Catch-22. Herman Melville (August 1 1819 &ndash September 28 1891 was an American novelist Short story writer Essayist and poet Jaroslav Hašek (ˈjaroslaf ˈɦaʃɛk ( April 30, 1883 – January 3, 1923) was a Czech humorist and satirist best known for his Joseph Heller (May 1 1923 – December 12 1999 was an American Satirical novelist Short story writer and playwright
In the brutal dystopian future of Warhammer 40,000, Chaplains are combat priests. Warhammer 40000 (informally known as Warhammer 40K or just 40K) is a tabletop miniature wargame in a Science Chaplains also serve as combat soldiers in the Mobile Infantry from Robert A. Heinlein's Starship Troopers. The Mobile Infantry (MI is a fictional military force in Robert A Robert Anson Heinlein (July 7 1907 – May 8 1988 was an American Novelist and Science fiction Writer. Starship Troopers is a Science fiction Novel by Robert A Heinlein, first published (in abridged form as a serial in The Magazine
The Chaplain is also a key figure in Albert Camus' novel "L'Etranger" (i. The Stranger, or The Outsider, (from the French L’Étranger, 1942 is a Novel by Albert Camus e. "The Stranger").
See also
References
- ^ http://www.usafhc.af.mil/ US Air Force, http://www.navy.com/careers/officer/clergy/ US Navy, http://www.professionalchaplains.org/index.aspx?id=254 National Association of Professional Chaplains, http://www.najc.org/main/documents/aboutus_000.pdf, National Association of Jewish Chaplains, http://www.nacc.org/membership/categories.asp National Association of Catholic Chaplains, http://www.muslimchaplains.org/membership_account.php Muslim Chaplains Association
- ^ GoArmy.com > Army Chaplain Corps > Requirements
- ^ Air Force Chaplain Agency - Home
- ^ Full debate between Christopher Hitchens and Rev. Al Sharpton (from which this quote was taken) is available on Google Video
- ^ http://www.defense.gouv.fr/ema/orgs_ext/aumoneries/
- ^ http://www.usmca.homestead.com
- ^ a b c Gibson (1997) pp1-6
Further reading
- Bergen, Doris. Almoner (from the Greek ελεημοσύνη westernized as eleemosyna 'alms' via Latin Almosunartius and French known in English since circa 1300 is a chaplain or church In Christian churches, a minister is someone who is authorized by a church or religious organization to perform clergy functions such as teaching of beliefs A priest or priestess is a person having the authority or power to administer religious rites in particular rites of sacrifice to and propitiation of a deity or deities L. , (ed), 2004. The Sword of the Lord: Military Chaplains from the First to the Twenty-First Century. University of Notre Dame Press ISBN 0-268-02176-7
- Gibson, W. (1997). A Social History of the Domestic Chaplain, 1530-1840. London: Leicester University Press. ISBN 0-7185-0093-8.
- Norman, James (2004) At the Heart of Education: School Chaplaincy and Pastoral Care. Dublin: Veritas Publications. ISBN 1853907529
- Paget, Naomi & McCormack, Janet (2006). The Work of the Chaplain. Valley Forge: Judson Press. ISBN 0817014995
- Smith, John C. , Chaplain (International Chaplains Association)
- VandeCreek, Larry & Lucas, Art (2001). The Discipline for Pastoral Care Giving: Foundations for Outcome Oriented Chaplaincy. Binghamton: The Haworth Press. ISBN 0789013452
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