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For other uses, see Changsha (disambiguation).
Chángshā
长沙
Location within Hunan Province
Location within Hunan Province
Coordinates: 28°11′46″N 112°58′20″E / 28.19611, 112.97222
Country People's Republic of China
County-level divisions 8
Township divisions 172
Government
 - Mayor Tan Zhongchi
Area (ranked ??th)
 - City 11,819 km² (4,563. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES See also Administrative divisions of the Republic of China Due to China 's large Population and area the political divisions of China have consisted See also Administrative divisions of the Republic of China Due to China 's large Population and area the political divisions of China have consisted A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 3 sq mi)
Population (2000)
 - City 6,138,719 (4th)
 - Urban 2,743,826
 - Mun. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Density rank (?th)
 - Major nationalities Han - 99. The following is a list of ethnic groups in China where "China" is taken to mean areas controlled by either of the two states using "China" in their formal Han Chinese ( are an Ethnic group native to China and by most modern definitions the largest single Ethnic group in the world. 22%
Minorities - 0. 78%
Time zone China Standard Time (UTC+8)
Postal code 410000
Area code(s) +86/731
License plate prefixes 湘A
湘O (police and authorities)
ISO 3166-2 cn-??
GDP (2006) CNY 179. China standard time or Beijing time is the Time zone observed in the People's Republic of China ( PRC) UTC+8 is a band of Timezones separated from the Greenwich Mean Time by 8 hours A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks The People's Republic of China issues vehicles Licence plates at its Vehicle Management Offices under the administration of the Ministry of Public Security ISO 3166-2 is the second part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO 066 billion (16th)
 - per capita CNY 27,853 (?nd)
HDI (2005) ? (?nd) — high
City tree
camphor
City flower
azalea
Website: [1]
[2] (English)

Changsha (simplified Chinese: 长沙; traditional Chinese: 長沙; pinyin: Chángshā; Wade-Giles: Chang-sha) is the capital city of Hunan, a province of Southcentral China, located on the lower reaches of Xiangjiang river, a branch of the Yangtze River. The Human Development Index ( HDI) is an index combining normalized measures of Life expectancy, Literacy, Educational attainment, and GDP } Camphor is a waxy white or transparent solid with a strong aromatic odor Azaleas are flowering Shrubs making up part of the genus Rhododendron. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use Wade-Giles (ˌweɪdˈʤaɪlz) sometimes abbreviated Wade, is a Romanization system (phonetic notation and Transcription) for the Mandarin ( is a province of China, located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and south of Lake Dongting (hence the name Hunan, meaning China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National The Xiang River (also as Xiangjiang, Xiangjiang River, or simply as Xiang, Chinese: 湘江 湘水 or 湘 Pinyin: Xiāng Jiāng It covers an area of 11,819 sq. kilometers and has a population of 6,017,600 (2003 population census).

Changsha was important from the time of the Qin dynasty (221–207 BC). Not to be confused with the Qing Dynasty, the last dynasty of China In AD 750–1100 Changsha was an important commercial city, and its population increased greatly. Under the Qing dynasty, from 1664, it was the capital of Hunan province, and it was a major rice market. Not to be confused with Qin Dynasty, the first dynasty of Imperial China Rice is a Cereal foodstuff which forms an important part of the diet of many people worldwide and as such it is a staple food for many It was besieged during the Taiping Rebellion but never fell. The Taiping Rebellion or Rebellion of Great Peace was a large-scale Revolt against the authority and forces of the Qing Government in China Changsha was the site of Mao Zedong's conversion to communism. Mao Zedong ( 26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976) was a Chinese Military and political leader who led Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based It was the scene of major battles in the Sino-Japanese War of 1937–45 and was briefly occupied by the Japanese. The Second Sino-Japanese War ( July 7, 1937 to September 9, 1945) was a major war fought between the Republic of China and the For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Rebuilt since 1949, the city is now a major port and a commercial and industrial center.

Contents

Administration

Changsha has jurisdiction over five districts (Furong, Tianxin, Yuelu, Kaifu, Yuhua districts), three counties (Changsha, Wangcheng, Ningxiang counties) and Liuyang city. Districts are a type of Administrative division, in some countries managed by a Local government. 长沙市岳麓区 Yuelu District Changsha A county is a Land area of Regional Government within a larger State. Changsha County ( Traditional: 長沙縣 Simplified: 长沙县 Pinyin: Chángshā Xiàn is a part of Changsha city the capital of Hunan Wangcheng County ( Simplified Chinese: 望城县 Traditional Chinese: 望城縣 Pinyin: wàng chéng xiàn is a County of Changsha Ningxiang (宁乡 is a county of Changsha, the capital of Hunan province in China. Liuyang ( is a County-level city in Changsha, the capital of Hunan province in China. A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status

History

During the 1st millennium BC, it was the centre of the southern part of the Yangtze River valley state of Chu. Chǔ ( 楚) was a kingdom in what is now central and southern China during the Spring and Autumn period ( 722 - 481 BC) and In 1935–36 some Chu graves excavated nearby produced important evidences of Chu culture. The city's most ancient name was Qingyang.

Portrait of riding a dragon, found in a tomb dated back to the Warring States Period.
Portrait of riding a dragon, found in a tomb dated back to the Warring States Period. The dragon is a Legendary creature of which some interpretation or depiction appears in almost every culture worldwide The Warring States Period ( also known as the Era of Warring States covers the period from some time in the 5th century BC to the unification of China by the

Under the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) it became a staging post for Qin expeditions into Guangdong province. Not to be confused with the Qing Dynasty, the last dynasty of China Guangdong ( EFEO: Kouangtong; Pinyin Guǎngdōng; Postal map spelling: Kwangtung) is a province on the By 202 BC it was already a fortified city. Events By place Carthage Accused of treason by the Carthaginians after being defeated by the Romans at the Battle of the During the Han Dynasty it was also the capital of Changsha kingdom. The Han Dynasty ( 206 BC–220 AD followed the Qin Dynasty and preceded the Three Kingdoms in China.

From Han times (206 BC–AD 220) it was named Linxiang county and was the seat of the Changsha commandery. The county was renamed Changsha in 589, when it became the administrative seat of Tan prefecture. It lost some importance at this period, however, because traffic from Guangdong was mostly diverted up the Gan River valley in Jiangxi. The Gan River ( of southern China travels 885 km north through Jiangxi before flowing into Lake Poyang and thence into the Yangtze River. ( Postal map spelling: Kiangsi is a southern province of the People's Republic of China, spanning from the banks of the Yangtze River

The celebrated Mawangdui Tombs of the Han Dynasty were constructed between 186 and 165 BC. Mawangdui ( is an archaeological site located in Changsha, China. Events By place Roman Republic The rapid spread of the Bacchanalia cult throughout the Roman Republic, which it is claimed The earliest tomb (no. 2), when excavated in the 1970s, had preserved the corpse of Lady Xin Zhui in a surprisingly good condition. Also found in the tomb were the earliest versions of Dao De Jing (道德经), the main text of Taoism, among many other historical documents. The Tao Te Ching or Dao De Jing ( originally known as Laozi or Lao tzu ( is a Chinese classic Taoism (pronounced /ˈdaʊɪzəm/ or /ˈtaʊɪzəm/ also spelled '''Daoism''') refers to a variety of related Philosophical and Religious traditions

During the Three Kingdoms period, Changsha was a much-fought-over territory. The Three Kingdoms period ( is a period in the History of China, part of an era of disunity called the Six Dynasties following immediately the loss of During the Sui Dynasty, Changsha was a county. The Sui Dynasty ( 581 - 618 AD and in the undertaking of other construction projects including the reconstruction of the Great Wall.

After the fall of the Tang dynasty (618–907), it became the capital of the independent Chu state and later fell to the Later Tang dynasty (923–937). The Tang Dynasty ( Middle Chinese: dhɑng (June 18 618&ndashJune 4 907 was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by The Tang Dynasty ( Middle Chinese: dhɑng (June 18 618&ndashJune 4 907 was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by Between 750 and 1100, as Changsha became an important commercial city, the population of the area increased tenfold.

Under the Ming (1368–1644) and Qing (1644–1911/12) dynasties it was made a superior prefecture and from 1664 onward was the capital of Hunan and prospered as one of China's chief rice markets. The Ming Dynasty ( or Empire of the Great Ming ( was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol -led Not to be confused with Qin Dynasty, the first dynasty of Imperial China During the Taiping Rebellion the city was besieged by the rebels (1854) but never fell; it then became the principal base for the suppression of the rebellion. The Taiping Rebellion or Rebellion of Great Peace was a large-scale Revolt against the authority and forces of the Qing Government in China Changsha was opened to foreign trade in 1904. Further development followed the opening of the railway to Hankou in Hubei province in 1918, which was extended to Guangzhou in Guangdong province in 1936. Hankou ( Wade-Giles: Hankow is one of the three towns together with Wuchang and Hanyang, which are included in modern day Wuhan, the capital ( Postal map spelling: Hupeh) is a central province of the People's Republic of China. Guangzhou ( Jyutping: Gwong²zau¹; Yale: Gwóngjàu) is the Capital and a Sub-provincial city Guangdong ( EFEO: Kouangtong; Pinyin Guǎngdōng; Postal map spelling: Kwangtung) is a province on the Although Changsha's population grew, the city remained primarily commercial in character and before 1937 had little industry, apart from some small cotton-textile, glass, and nonferrous-metal plants and handicraft enterprises. Cotton is a soft staple Fibre that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant ( Gossypium sp A textile is a flexible material comprised of a network of natural or artificial Fibres often referred to as thread or Yarn. Ferrous, in the chemical science realm indicates a bivalent iron compound (+2 oxidation state (as opposed to Ferric, which indicates a trivalent iron compound (+3 oxidation Handicraft, also known as craftwork or simply Craft, is a type of work where useful and decorative devices are made completely by hand or using only simple tools

Yuelu Academy (岳麓书院) was founded in AD 976 (Song Dynasty), destroyed by war in 1127, and rebuilt in 1165 (Southern Song Dynasty). The Yuelu Academy (also as known as the " Yuelu Academy of Classical Learning ") is located on the east side of Yuelu Mountain in Changsha For the 976 telephone prefix see Premium-rate telephone number Events By Place Byzantine Empire January 10 — The Song Dynasty ( Wade-Giles: Sung Ch'ao was a ruling dynasty in China between 960&ndash1279 CE it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms The Song Dynasty ( Wade-Giles: Sung Ch'ao was a ruling dynasty in China between 960&ndash1279 CE it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms The celebrated philosopher Zhu Xi (朱熹) taught at the Academy in 1165. Zhu Xi or Chu Hsi (朱熹 born October 18, 1130, Yuxi, Fujian province China &ndash died April 23, 1200 It was destroyed by the Mongols but was restored in the late 15th century (Ming Dynasty). The Ming Dynasty ( or Empire of the Great Ming ( was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol -led In 1903 it became Hunan High School. Year 1903 ( MCMIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting The modern day Hunan University is a descendant of the academy. Hunan University (湖南大学 located in Changsha, Hunan, is one of the most important universities in the People's Republic of China. The architecture of some of the buildings was restored from 1981–1986, presumably according to the Song design. Year 1981 ( MCMLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar)

In 1852 the Taiping forces laid a siege on Changsha.

The 1903 Treaty of Shanghai between China and Japan opened the city to foreign trade. Year 1903 ( MCMIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting Shanghai ( 上[[wikt 海|海]] is the largest city in China in terms of population and one of the largest urban areas in the world with over 20 million China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Consequently, factories, churches and schools were built. A college was started by Yale University bachelors, and later became a medical center named Xiangya and a secondary school named the Yali School. Yali (雅礼 is a Secondary school (6th through 12th grades located in Changsha, Hunan Province in the People's Republic of China.

1938 Changsha Fire
1938 Changsha Fire

Mao Zedong, founder of the People's Republic of China began his political career in Changsha. The Changsha Fire of 1938 (长沙大火 also known as Wenxi Fire (文夕大火 was the greatest human-caused city-wide fire that ever besieged China Mao Zedong ( 26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976) was a Chinese Military and political leader who led Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES He was a student at the Hunan Number 1 Teachers' Training School from 1913 to 1918. ( is a province of China, located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and south of Lake Dongting (hence the name Hunan, meaning He later returned as a teacher and principal from 1920 to 1922. The school was destroyed during the Chinese Civil War but has since been restored. The Former Office of the Hunan Communist Party Central Committee where Mao Zedong once lived is now a museum that includes Mao's living quarters, photographs and other historical items from the 1920s. ( is a province of China, located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and south of Lake Dongting (hence the name Hunan, meaning A Political party described as a communist party includes those that advocate the application of the social principles of Communism through a communist form of

During the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–45), the strategic location of Changsha made it the focus of four campaigns by the Japanese to capture it from the hands of the Chinese Nationalists which resulted in the battles of 1st Changsha, 2nd Changsha, 3rd Changsha, and 4th Changsha. The Second Sino-Japanese War ( July 7, 1937 to September 9, 1945) was a major war fought between the Republic of China and the For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The National Revolutionary Army ( NRA) ( sometimes shortened to 國軍 or National Army) was the National Army Battle of Changsha ( September 17, 1939 – October 6, 1939) was the first attempt by Japan to take the city of Changsha The Battle of Changsha ( September 6 – October 8, 1941) was Japan 's second attempt in taking the city of Changsha, China The third Battle of Changsha ( December 24, 1941 – January 15, 1942) was the first major offensive in China by Imperial The Battle of Changsha (1944 also known as the Battle of Hengyang or Battle of Hengyang-Changsha, was an invasion of the Chinese province of Hunan The city was able to repulse the first three attacks thanks to Bai Chongxi's leadership, but ultimately fell for a short time into Japanese hands in 1944 for another year until they were defeated in a counterattack and forced to surrender. Bai Chongxi ( ( 18 March 1893 &ndash 1 December 1966) also spelled Pai Chung-hsi, was a Chinese Muslim General The city itself was virtually destroyed by fire in 1938–39.


The city later became the territory of the People's Republic of China when it was formed in 1949 after the Kuomintang were driven to Taiwan. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia.

Geography and climate

Xiang River and Changsha's riverbank at night (2005)
Xiang River and Changsha's riverbank at night (2005)

Changsha is located at 111°53'–114°5' east longitude and 27°51'–28°40' north latitude, situated in the east central Hunan. The Xiang River (also as Xiangjiang, Xiangjiang River, or simply as Xiang, Chinese: 湘江 湘水 or 湘 Pinyin: Xiāng Jiāng ( is a province of China, located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and south of Lake Dongting (hence the name Hunan, meaning Its terrain is high in the west and low in the east. There are many mountainous areas in the west and in the north. The Xiangjiang River flows south to northwest; 296 m high Mt. Yuelushan is in the west; and Liuyanghe River (Liuyang River) and Laodaohe River (Laodao River) east. The Xiang River (also as Xiangjiang, Xiangjiang River, or simply as Xiang, Chinese: 湘江 湘水 or 湘 Pinyin: Xiāng Jiāng Mount Yuelu ( S Chinese: 岳麓山 TChinese: 嶽麓山 Pinyin: yuèlǔ shān is located on the west bank of Xiang River in

Changsha has a monsoon climate within the sub-tropical zone, with annual average temperature being 16. A monsoon is a seasonal prevailing wind which lasts for several months 8°C–17. 2°C, 4. 6°C in January and 28. 6°C in July. Average annual precipitation is 1422 mm. , and the yearly frost-free period is 275 days.

The four seasons are distinct. The summers are long and hot, with heavy rainfall, and autumn is comfortable with abundant sunlight. In winter, it is nearly rainless and not very cold, changing to rainy and wet weather with rapidly increasing temperatures in the spring.

Changsha neighboring areas include: Jiangxi province, cities and counties of Hunan, such as Tonggu county, Wanzai county, Yichun city, Pingxiang city of Jiangxi province. ( Postal map spelling: Kiangsi is a southern province of the People's Republic of China, spanning from the banks of the Yangtze River Wanzai County ( Simplified Chinese: 万载， Pinyin: wànzài) is a county of Yichun in the Chinese province of Jiangxi. Pingxiang can mean Pingxiang Jiangxi, city in Jiangxi province China Pingxiang Guangxi, city in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region China Pingjiang county, Miluo city, Xiangyin County of Yueyang; Heshan District, Taojiang county, Anhua County of Yiyang; Lianyuan city of Loudi; Zhuzhou county, Liling City of Zhuzhou; Xiangtan county, Xiangxiang city of Xiangtan. Miluo ( Chinese: 汨罗 Pinyin: Mìluó is a County-level city in China in the Province of Hunan. Administration The Yueyang metropolitan area is made up of six outlying districts two special districts and the city proper Yiyang ( is a city in Hunan province China. In 2002 the city had a population of 4 Lianyuan ( Chinese: 涟源 is a city in Loudi, Hunan province in China. Loudi ( is a city located in central Hunan province China. It is situated about 110km south west of the provincial capital of Changsha and is considered Liling (醴陵 is a County-level city in the northeastern part of Hunan province of the People's Republic of China. Zhuzhou ( formerly Jianning, is a city in Hunan Province China, southeast of Changsha beside the Xiangjiang River Xiangxiang ( Chinese: 湘乡 Pinyin: Xiāngxiāng is a County-level city in Xiangtan, Hunan Province. Xiangtan ( is a city located in the center of Hunan province China.

Transportation

Changsha is well connected by roads, river, rail, and air transportation modes, and is a regional hub for industrial, tourist, and service sectors.

Economy

The Huángxīng Lù Pedestrian Commercial Street in Changsha (2006)
The Huángxīng Lù Pedestrian Commercial Street in Changsha (2006)

Rebuilt since 1949, its population nearly tripled between the late 1940s and the early 1980s. The city is now a major port, handling rice, cotton, timber, and livestock, and is also a collection and distribution point on the railway from Hankou to Guangzhou. Rice is a Cereal foodstuff which forms an important part of the diet of many people worldwide and as such it is a staple food for many Cotton is a soft staple Fibre that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant ( Gossypium sp Lumber or timber is Wood in any of its stages from felling through readiness for use as structural Material for Construction, or Livestock is the term used to refer (singularly or plurally to a Domesticated Animal intentionally reared in an agricultural setting to produce such as Food "Railroad" and "Railway" both redirect here For other uses see Railroad (disambiguation. Hankou ( Wade-Giles: Hankow is one of the three towns together with Wuchang and Hanyang, which are included in modern day Wuhan, the capital Guangzhou ( Jyutping: Gwong²zau¹; Yale: Gwóngjàu) is the Capital and a Sub-provincial city It is a centre of rice milling and also has oil-extraction, tea- and tobacco-curing, and meat-processing plants. An oil is a substance that is in a viscous Liquid state ( "oily") at ambient temperatures or slightly warmer and is Tea refers to the cured agricultural product of the leaves leaf buds and internodes of Camellia sinensis, which have been prepared and cured for the market Tobacco is an Agricultural product recognized as an addictive drug processed from the fresh Leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. The meat packing industry is an Industry that handles the slaughtering, Processing and distribution of animals such as Cattle Its textile industry produces cotton yarn and fabrics and engages in dyeing and printing. This article is about the fiber product For the type of joke see Shaggy dog story. A textile is a flexible material comprised of a network of natural or artificial Fibres often referred to as thread or Yarn. Dyeing is the process of imparting Colours to a textile material in loose fibre Yarn, Cloth or garment form by treatment with a Dye. Printing is a process for reproducing text and image typically with ink on Paper using a printing press Agricultural chemicals and fertilizers, farm implements, and pumping machinery are also produced. Agrichemical (or agrochemical) a contraction of agricultural chemical, is a generic term for the various Chemical products used in Fertilizers ( also spelt fertiliser are chemical compounds given to Plants to promote growth they are usually applied either through the soil for uptake by plant A machine is any device that uses Energy to perform some activity

Changsha has a large thermal generating station linked by a power grid with the nearby industrial centres of Zhuzhou and Xiangtan; the three cities were designated in the 1970s as the nucleus of a major industrial complex. Electric power transmission, a process in the delivery of Electricity to consumers is the bulk transfer of electrical power Zhuzhou ( formerly Jianning, is a city in Hunan Province China, southeast of Changsha beside the Xiangjiang River Xiangtan ( is a city located in the center of Hunan province China. In the 1960s there was some development of heavy industry. Heavy industry does not have a single fixed meaning as compared to Light industry. The manufacture of machinery, especially machine tools and precision tools, became important, and Changsha became a center of China's aluminum industry. WikipediaNaming The city also has cement, rubber, ceramic, and papermaking plants and is a centre for many types of traditional handicrafts, producing hsiang embroidery, leather goods, umbrellas, and buttons. ( is a province of China, located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and south of Lake Dongting (hence the name Hunan, meaning Coal is mined in the vicinity.

In 2007, Changsha's nominal GDP was ¥219. 03 billion ($31. 3 billion), a year-on-year growth of 16% from the previous year. Its per capita GDP was ¥33,711 ($4,816). [1]

Changsha is one of China's top 20 "economically advanced " cities. Its GDP has grown at an average of 14% per year from 2001-2005, compared with the national average of 9%. During the year 2005, the service sector represented roughly half of Changsha's GDP (at 49%), up 112% from 2001 figures, and it is expected to continue driving the city's economic growth. The manufacturing and construction sectors have grown relatively steadily, growing 116% during 2001-2005. The primary sector, including agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery, has grown slightly over this same period. In addition, the consumer market has grown dramatically with income levels. Urban residents in 2005 had average income of about USD $1,500, 15% higher than national average, and up 10% from 2001 figures. [2]

The city has also attracted tremendous amount of foreign investment. In 2005, for example, nearly USD $1 billion worth of foreign direct investment (FDI) poured into the city, mainly in hi-tech, manufacturing, food production, and services. Foreign direct investment ( FDI) in its classic definition is defined as a company from one country making a physical investment into building a factory in another country This figure is up 40% from 2001. 59% of the total FDI has come from Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore, and Japan; 28% has come from the Americas and 9% from Europe. Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː Singapore For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or New World, consisting of the Continents of North America and South America [3]

Along with the economic growth, environmental pollution in Changsha has become a serious problem, with rapidly increasing number of private cars, construction fields everywhere, and numerous industrial facilities on the outskirts of the city (2007).

Cultural life

Hunan Provincial Museum in Changsha, Hunan province, China
Hunan Provincial Museum in Changsha, Hunan province, China

In recent years, Changsha has become an important creative center for TV and entertainment arts, with its many TV stations producing some of the most popular programs in China, including Super Girl, a Chinese female version of the UK Pop Idol or American Idol that is the most watched program ever to air on Chinese TV. Hunan Provincial Museum ( Chinese 湖南省博物馆 is the provincial Museum of Hunan province in China built in 1951 and opened to the public ( is a province of China, located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and south of Lake Dongting (hence the name Hunan, meaning China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Super Girl or Super Voice Girls ( literally "Super Female Voice" was an annual national singing contest in People's Republic of China Pop Idol was a British Television series which debuted on ITV on October 5 2001; the show was a talent contest to decide American Idol, with the full title American Idol The Search for a Superstar for the first season only is an American reality-competition These programs have also brought a new entertainment industry, including singing bars, dance clubs, theater shows, as well as related businesses like hair salons, fashion stores, and hot spicy snacks at night(esp. in the summer time). Now it is not rare that some people will fly into Changsha to spend their weekends from as far as the northeastern city of Harbin. ( Russian Kharbin) is a Sub-provincial city and the Capital of the Heilongjiang Province in Northeast China.

Changsha is home to the Lei Feng Jinianguan (Lei Feng Memorial) and his statue. Lei Feng ( ( December 18, 1940 - August 15, 1962) was a soldier of the People's Liberation Army of the People's Republic

On the 27th May 2008, BBC started broadcasting a four-part TV series in UK, a study of the China's largest restaurant, a 5,000 seat capacity West Lake restaurant in Hunanese town of Changsha, under the BBC's 'Storyville' documentry series.

One of the dishes featured in this engrossing first-part of the series is “fried live fish”, which, disturbingly, is exactly what it says it is.

Colleges and universities

Changsha was the seat of many ancient schools and academies. It is the site of Hunan Medical University (1914) and has several colleges and institutes of higher learning.

National

Public

Note: Institutions without full-time bachelor programs are not listed. Central South University ( CSU;) is located in Changsha, a historic and cultural city in Hunan province central south of China. Hunan University (湖南大学 located in Changsha, Hunan, is one of the most important universities in the People's Republic of China. Hunan Agricultural University (HUNAU 湖南农业大学 in simple Chinese located in Furong District of Changsha is a key provincial university of Hunan with

Changsha in fiction

Richard McKenna's novel The Sand Pebbles concerns American sailors on the United States Navy's Yangtze Patrol. Richard Milton McKenna (1913- 1964 was an American Sailor and Writer. The Sand Pebbles is a 1962 novel by American author Richard McKenna about a Yangtze River gunboat in 1926 The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Yangtze Patrol, part of the US Navy 's Asiatic Squadron, existed under various names between 1854 and 1941 Most of the events in the novel take place in Changsha or Wuhan, during the 1926-7 civil war. ( is the capital of Hubei province and is the most populous city in central People's Republic of China. The book was made into a film, also named The Sand Pebbles. The Sand Pebbles, a 1966 film directed by Robert Wise, is a period war story of an independent rebellious U

Notable inhabitants

Changsha is the birthplace of:

Other famous people associated with the city:

Sister cities and friendship cities

Changsha has city partnerships with the following cities and regions:

See also

References

  1. ^ Changsha Statistical Yearbook 2007
  2. ^ Changsha Statistical Yearbook 2005
  3. ^ KPMG Changsha Investment Environment Study 2006

External links

WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section --> Tan Dun (pinyin Tán Dùn 譚盾 谭盾 born August 18 in Changsha Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon ( is a Chinese-language Film in the Wuxia ( chivalric and martial arts) style Hero ( is a 2002 Chinese Martial arts film, directed by Zhang Yimou with music by Tan Dun. Mao Zedong ( 26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976) was a Chinese Military and political leader who led Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Augsburg is an independent City in the south-west of Bavaria. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Fribourg ( French) (Freiburg or de Freiburg im [[Üechtland]], often Fribourg) is the capital of the Swiss canton of Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation Gumi is a city in Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea. It is located on the Nakdong River, half way between Daegu and Gimcheon South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː is the capital city of Kagoshima Prefecture at the southwestern tip of the Kyūshū island of Japan, and the largest city in the prefecture by some For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Kimberley may refer to Kimberley Northern Cape in South Africa Kimberley in Western Australia Kimberley Nottinghamshire The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ( Sinhalese:, இலங்கை known as Ceylon before 1972 is an Island Mons ( Dutch: Bergen, Picard: Mont) is a Walloon City and municipality located in the Belgian The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Changsha Fire of 1938 (长沙大火 also known as Wenxi Fire (文夕大火 was the greatest human-caused city-wide fire that ever besieged China
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