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Chancellor or chancellour (archaic) (Latin: cancellarius) is an official title used in countries whose civilization has arisen directly or indirectly out of the Roman Empire. Politics Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions In Political science and Constitutional law, the executive is the branch of government responsible for the day-to-day management of the State. Head of state is the generic term for the individual or collective office that serves as the chief public representative of a Monarchic or Republican Nation-state A dictator is an Authoritarian ruler (eg Absolutist or autocratic) who assumes sole and absolute power without hereditary ascension such as an Absolute President is a Title leaders of Organizations companies, Trade unions universities, and countries. For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. This article focuses on the cases where the Head of Government is a separate office from the Head of State A premier is a title for the Head of government in some countries This article is about the government position For other uses see Prime Minister (disambiguation. A cabinet is a body of high-ranking members of Government, typically representing the executive branch. A ministry is a specialised organisation responsible for a sector of Government Public administration, sometimes led by a minister, but usually a senior A minister or a secretary is a Politician who holds significant public office in a national or regional Government. A presidential system is a System of government where an executive branch exists and presides (hence the term separately from the Legislature The semi-presidential system is a System of government in which a prime minister and a President are both active participants in the day-to-day administration A parliamentary system, also known as parliamentarianism (and parliamentarism in American English) is a System of government in which Cohabitation in government occurs in Semi-presidential systems such as France 's system when the President is from a different Political party The Westminster system is a democratic Parliamentary system of Government modelled after the British government (the Parliament of the United This is a list of current heads of state and government, showing heads of state and heads of government where different mainly in Parliamentary systems This is a list of the offices of Heads of state, Heads of government, cabinet, and Legislature, of sovereign states. A governor is a governing official usually the executive (at least nominally to different degrees also politically and administratively of a non-sovereign level of government A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. A title is a prefix or suffix added to a person's name to signify either veneration an official position or a professional or academic qualification The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial At different times and in different countries it has stood for various duties and has been borne by officers of various degrees of dignity. Various governments have a chancellor who serves as some form of junior or senior minister. For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. A minister or a secretary is a Politician who holds significant public office in a national or regional Government. The original chancellors were the Cancellarii of Roman courts of justice—ushers who sat at the cancelli or lattice work screens of a basilica or law court, which separated the judge and counsel from the audience. Cancelli are Lattice-work, placed before a Window, a door-way the Tribunal of a Judge, or any other place The Latin word basilica (derived from Greek, Basiliké Stoà, Royal Stoa) was originally used to describe a Roman A Chancellor's office is called a chancellery or chancery. The Court of Chancery was one of the courts of equity in England and Wales.

Contents

Austria

The Chancellor of Austria, or Bundeskanzler, is the title for the head of government in Austria. The Chancellor of Austria (in German: Bundeskanzler) is the Head of government in Austria. This article focuses on the cases where the Head of Government is a separate office from the Head of State Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich In Austrian politics, the Bundeskanzler position is somewhat equivalent to that of a prime minister. The Politics of Austria take place in a framework of a federal parliamentary representative democratic Republic, with a Federal Chancellor This article is about the government position For other uses see Prime Minister (disambiguation.

Argentina

In Argentina the Foreign Minister is mostly called Canciller (Chancellor) and he works at the Cancillería (chancellery). [1]

Brazil

The Chancellor of Brazil, or Chanceler, is the country's foreign affairs minister, whose office is located inside Itamaraty Palace.

Chile

In Chile, the Chancellor is the Foreign Affairs Minister. Chile, officially the Republic of Chile ( Spanish:) is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow Coastal strip wedged between the

China

The Chancellor of China was the second highest rank after the Emperor of China. The Chancellor ( variously translated as Prime Minister, Premier or Chief Councillor, was a generic name given to the highest-ranking official in the The Emperor of China ( refers to any sovereign of Imperial China reigning since the founding of the Qin Dynasty in 221 BC until the fall of

Colombia

In Colombia, the Chancellor is the Foreign Affairs Minister. Colombia (kəˈlʌmbɪə officially the Republic of Colombia () is a country in northwestern South America.

Denmark

The office of chancellor (or royal chancellor) seems to have appeared in the 12th century, and until 1660 it was the title of the leader of the state administration (a kind of a "Home Office" but often with foreign political duties). Often he appeared to be the real leader of the government. From 1660–1848, the title continued as "Grand Chancellor" or "President of the Danish Chancellery," and was replaced in 1848 by the title "Minister of Domestic Affairs. Year 1848 ( MDCCCXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap "

Egypt

There are two ancient Egyptian titles sometimes translated as chancellor. There is the "royal sealer" (xtmtj-bity or xtmw-bity), a title attested since the First Dynasty (about 3000 BC)[1]. People holding the post include Imhotep and Hemaka[2]. Imhotep (sometimes spelled Immutef, Im-hotep, or Ii-em-Hotep, circa ( fl

The other title translated as chancellor is "Keeper of the Royal Seal" (or overseer of the seal or treasurer—imy-r xtmt [3][4]). Officials holding the post include Bay or Irsu, Khety[5] Meketre [6], and Nakhti [7]. Chancellor Bay was an important Asiatic official in ancient Egypt who rose to prominence and high office under Seti II Userkheperure Setepenre and later became an influential Chancellor Bay was an important Asiatic official in ancient Egypt who rose to prominence and high office under Seti II Userkheperure Setepenre and later became an influential The Ancient Egyptian noble Meketre was chancellor and chief steward during the reign of Mentuhotep II and Mentuhotep III, during the Middle Kingdom

The first title (royal sealer) announced a certain rank at the royal court, the second (supervisor of the sealed goods, i. e. treasurer) was responsible for the state's income. This position appears around 2000 BC.

Estonia

In Estonia the Chancellor of Justice (Õiguskantsler, Currently Allar Jõks) supervises the legality of actions taken by the government and monitors the implementation of basic civil liberties. Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia ( Eesti or Eesti Vabariik) is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region In some countries the Chancellor of Justice is a government official responsible for supervising the lawfulness of government actions The Government of the Republic of Estonia ( Estonian: Vabariigi Valitsus) exercises executive power pursuant to the Constitution and the laws of the

Finland

In Finland the Chancellor of Justice (Oikeuskansleri, Justitiekanslern) supervises the legality of actions taken by the government and monitors the implementation of basic civil liberties. Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. In some countries the Chancellor of Justice is a government official responsible for supervising the lawfulness of government actions Finland is a Republic with a Representative democracy governed according to the principles of Parliamentarism. In this special function the chancellor also sits in the Finnish Cabinet, the Finnish Council of State. A cabinet is a body of high-ranking members of Government, typically representing the executive branch. The Council of State ( Finnish: Valtioneuvosto Swedish: Statsrådet; officially rendered Finnish Government) is Finland

France

For centuries, the King of France appointed a chancellor or Chancelier de France, a Great Officer of the Crown, as an office associated with that of keeper of the seals. List of Queens and Empresses of France Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below The Great Officers of the Crown were the most important officers of state of the royal court in France during the Ancien Régime and Bourbon Restoration The title Keeper of the Seals or equivalent is used in several contexts denoting the person entitled to keep and authorize use of the Great Seal of a given country The chancelier was responsible for some judicial proceedings. During the reigns of Louis XVIII, Charles X and Louis Philippe, the Chancellor of France presided over the Chamber of Peers, the upper house of the royal French parliament. Louis XVIII (17 November 1755 – 16 September 1824 Louis Stanislas Xavier de France, was a King of France and Navarre. Charles X (9 October 1757 – 6 November 1836 ruled as King of France and Navarre from 20 May 1824 until the French Revolution of 1830, when he abdicated Louis Philippe ( 6 October 1773 &ndash 26 August 1850) was King of the French from 1830 to 1848 in what was known as the This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics.

Germany

As in Austria, the Chancellor of Germany or Bundeskanzler (meaning "Federal Chancellor"), is the title for the head of government in Germany. The Head of government of Germany is called Chancellor (Kanzler A federal republic is a Federation of States with a republican form of government Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Bundeskanzlerin is the feminine form. In Linguistics, grammatical genders, sometimes also called Noun classes are classes of nouns reflected in the behavior of associated words every noun must belong In German politics the Bundeskanzler position is somewhat equivalent to that of a prime minister and is elected by the Bundestag, the German Parliament, every four years, but can be replaced at any time by the parliament. Politics of Germany takes place in a framework of a federal parliamentary representative democratic Republic, whereby the Federal Chancellor This article is about the government position For other uses see Prime Minister (disambiguation. The Bundestag ("Federal Diet " or "Lower House of German Parliament" is the Parliament of Germany.

After the unification of Germany, in the year 1871, the Chancellor of the Reich or Reichskanzler (meaning "Imperial Chancellor"), served not only as head of government, but also as presiding officer of the Bundesrat, the upper house of the German imperial parliament. The unification of Germany took place on January 18, 1871, when Prussian Chief Minister Otto von Bismarck managed to unify a number of independent Year 1871 ( MDCCCLXXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common (ˈraɪk German ˈʁaɪç is a German Loanword cognate with the English Reign, Region, and Rich, but used most to designate This article focuses on the cases where the Head of Government is a separate office from the Head of State The Bundesrat ("federal council" or "upper house of German parliament" is the representation of the 16 Federal States ( Bundesländer) of An upper house is one of two chambers of a Bicameral Legislature, the other chamber being the Lower house. TalkParliament#Screen-size. -->A  parliament is a Legislature, especially in those After the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1918, the German chancellor no longer presided over the upper house of parliament, but was head of the republic's government. Kaiser is the German title meaning " Emperor " with Kaiserin being the female equivalent " Empress " Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The term Weimar Republic ( ˈvaɪmarɐ repuˈbliːk is used by historians to signify the democratic and Republican period of Germany from 1919 to 1933

Adolf Hitler was appointed to the chancellorship in 1933 by President Hindenburg. Hi and welcome to Wikipedia! Please understand that this article is frequently vandalized and vandalism is reverted immediately Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Paul Ludwig Hans Anton von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg ( known universally as Paul von Hindenburg ( ( October 2, 1847 &ndash August 2 On March 23, 1933, after the Reichstag fire, the parliament passed the Enabling Act, which gave to Hitler legal right to pass legislation without the approval or consent of the parliament: he was made a legal dictator. Events 1174 - Jocelin, Abbot of Melrose, is elected Bishop of Glasgow. Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. On 27 February 1933, the Reichstag building was subject to an arson attack and as a result seen as the pivotal event in the establishment of Nazi Germany The Enabling Act ( in German) was passed by the Reichstag ( Germany 's parliament on March 23, 1933 and signed Legislation (or " Statutory law " is law which has been promulgated (or " Enacted quot by a Legislature or other Governing A dictator is an Authoritarian ruler (eg Absolutist or autocratic) who assumes sole and absolute power without hereditary ascension such as an Absolute The office of "Chancellor" was combined with that of the "President" and called the Führer und Reichskanzler (meaning "Leader and Imperial Chancellor") after President Hindenburg's death in the year 1934. Year 1934 ( MCMXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Since the defeat of Nazi Germany and the formation of the Federal Republic in 1949, the chancellorship has adhered to its role as prescribed by the Basic Law. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany (Grundgesetz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland is the Constitution of Germany. It differs from the chancellorship of Weimar Germany primarily in that the office is not appointed by the president, but through a majority Bundestag vote. The term Weimar Republic ( ˈvaɪmarɐ repuˈbliːk is used by historians to signify the democratic and Republican period of Germany from 1919 to 1933 A majority, also known as a simple majority in the US, is a Subset of a group that is more than half of the entire group The Bundestag ("Federal Diet " or "Lower House of German Parliament" is the Parliament of Germany.

Lithuania

See Poland below.

Japan

The Daijō Daijin or Chancellor of the Realm was the head of the Daijō-kan, or Department of State in Heian Japan and briefly under the Meiji Constitution. The or Chancellor of the Realm was the head of the Daijō-kan, or Department of State in Heian Japan and briefly under the The was the Department of State in Nara and Heian period Japan and briefly under the Meiji Constitution. The is the last division of classical Japanese history, running from 794 to 1185. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The, more commonly known as the Imperial or Meiji Constitution, was the fundamental law of the Empire of Japan from 29 November 1890 until 2 May 1947

Peru

In Peru, the Chancellor is the Foreign Affairs Minister. Peru (Perú Piruw Piruw officially the Republic of Peru ( reˈpuβlika del peˈɾu is a country in western South America.

Poland

For more details on this topic, see kanclerz. Kanclerz ( Polish for Chancellor, from Latin: cancellarius) was one of the highest Officials in the historic Poland.

In the Kingdom of Poland from the 14th century, there was a royal chancellor. The Kingdom of Poland of the Jagiellons was the Polish state created by the accession of Wladislaus II Jagiełło, Grand Duke of Lithuania, to In the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795), the four chancellors were among the ten highest officials of the state. The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, officially the Commonwealth of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania also known as the Most Serene Republic Year 1795 ( MDCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Poland and Lithuania each had a Grand Chancellor and a Deputy Chancellor, each entitled to a senatorial seat, responsible for the affairs of the whole Kingdom, each with his own chancery. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the See Offices in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. This article discusses the organizational and administrative structure of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

Russia

In the Russian Empire, the chancellor was the highest rank of civil service as defined by the Table of Ranks and on the same grade as field marshal and General Admiral. The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya The Table of Ranks (Табель о рангах Tabel o rangakh was a formal list of positions and ranks in the military government and court of Imperial Russia. For other meanings see Field Marshal (disambiguation Field marshal is a military officer rank General Admiral was a Danish Dutch German Russian and Spanish naval rank. Only the most distinguished government officials were promoted to this grade, such as foreign ministers Alexander Gorchakov and Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin. A minister for foreign affairs, or foreign minister, is a governmental cabinet minister who helps form the Foreign policy of a sovereign nation Alexander Mikhailovich Gorchakov (16 July 1798 11 March 1883 was a Russian statesman from the Gorchakov princely family Count Aleksei Petrovich Bestuzhev-Ryumin (Алексе́й Петро́вич Бесту́жев-Рю́мин ( June 1, 1693 – April 21, 1768

Spain

The Spanish word “canciller” is the equivalent to the English chancellor. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States However, in Spain, the term refers to a civil servant responsible for technical issues relating to foreign affairs. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. See also Bureaucrat The term civil service has two distinct meanings Branch of governmental service in which individuals are hired on the basis Chancellors work in the embassies and consulates of Spain. Other Spanish speaking countries use the term “canciller” to refer to the Foreign Minister. A minister for foreign affairs, or foreign minister, is a governmental cabinet minister who helps form the Foreign policy of a sovereign nation

Sweden

In Sweden the Chancellor of Justice or Justitiekanslern acts as the Solicitor General for the Swedish Government. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. In some countries the Chancellor of Justice is a government official responsible for supervising the lawfulness of government actions A "solicitor" is a term used in many Common law jurisdictions for a lawyer who offers legal services outside of the courts The government of Sweden is a Constitutional monarchy based on Parliamentary democracy. The office was introduced by Charles XII of Sweden in 1713. Year 1713 ( MDCCXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Historically there was also a Lord High Chancellor or Rikskansler as the most senior member of the Privy Council of Sweden. The Rikskansler ("Lord High Chancellor" literally Chancellor of the Realm or Realm Chancellor) were members of the Privy Council of Sweden and The High Council of Sweden or Council of the Realm (in Swedish Riksrådet until 1687 sometimes Latinised as Senatus Regni Sueciae) consisted originally There is in addition to this a University Chancellor or Universitetskansler, who leads the National Agency for Higher Education. This article contains a list of Swedish universities and University colleges is based on the Higher Education Ordinance of 1993 (as amended until January 2006

Switzerland

In Switzerland, the Federal Chancellor (Bundeskanzler, Chancelier fédéral, Cancelliere della Confederazione) is elected by the Swiss parliament. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation The Federal Chancellor (Bundeskanzler(in Chancelier(-ière fédéral(e Cancelliere(-a della Confederazione Chancelier(a federal(a is the head of the Federal Chancellery TalkParliament#Screen-size. -->A  parliament is a Legislature, especially in those He or she heads the Federal Chancellery, the general staff of the seven-member executive Federal Council, the Swiss government. The Swiss Federal Council (Schweizerischer Bundesrat Conseil fédéral suisse Consiglio federale svizzero Cussegl federal The Chancellor participates in the meetings of the seven Federal Councilors with a consultative vote and prepares the reports on policy and activities of the council to parliament. The chancellery is responsible for the publication of all federal laws.

United Kingdom

In the United Kingdom, a number of cabinet ministers hold offices containing the word chancellor. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located

United States

In the United States, the only "chancellor" established by the federal government is the Chancellor of the Smithsonian Institution, a largely ceremonial office held by the Chief Justice of the United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Smithsonian Institution (smɪθsoʊnɪən is an educational and research institute and associated Museum complex administered and funded by the Government of The Chief Justice of the United States is the head of the judicial branch of the government of the United States, and presides over the U As the Smithsonian is a research and museum system, its use of the title is perhaps best thought of as akin to a university's chancellor. A Chancellor is the head of a University. Other titles are sometimes used such as President or Rector.

State Chancellors

Some U.S. states, like Delaware, still maintain a separate Court of Chancery with jurisdiction over equity cases. A US state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the United States of America that share Sovereignty with the federal government Delaware ( is a state located on the Atlantic Coast in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. The Court of Chancery was one of the courts of equity in England and Wales. Equity is the name given to the set of legal principles in jurisdictions following the English common law tradition which supplement strict rules of law where Judges who sit on those courts are called chancellors.

Among the states that once had the judicial office of chancellor, but have now abolished it, is New York State. In 1789, after George Washington had been elected the first President of the United States, he traveled to the temporary national capital, New York City, to be sworn in to office. George Washington (February 22 1732 December 14 1799 served as the first President of the United States of America (1789&ndash1797 and led the By tradition, the presidential oath is administered by the Chief Justice of the United States except in cases of emergency. The Chief Justice of the United States is the head of the judicial branch of the government of the United States, and presides over the U Of course, at the time Washington took office there was no chief justice or any other federal judges, as there was not yet a president to appoint them. Therefore, the oath of office was administered to Washington by the highest-ranking judge available, Robert Livingston, the chancellor of New York State.

Educational usage

The title chancellor has several uses in U. S. educational institutions.

In government, it is title of the heads of the New York City Department of Education and the District of Columbia Public Schools, who run the municipally-operated public schools in those jurisdictions. The New York City Department of Education ( NYCDOE) is the branch of municipal government in New York City that manages the city's public school system District of Columbia Public Schools ( DCPS) is the traditional public school system of Washington D New York State also has a chancellor of the University of the State of New York, a "university" as a fiction of law in that it is the body that licenses and regulations all educational and research institutions in the state and many professions (it is not to be confused with the State University of New York, an actual institution of higher learning). History The Board of Regents of the USNY was established by statute in 1784 to provide oversight to King's College (today known as Columbia University) a private institution

Many public and private universities and university systems are headed by chancellors who function as the chief executive officer of the school or systems of schools.

In a few instances, the term chancellor is used for a student or faculty member within a high school or an institution of higher learning being either appointed or elected as chancellor in order to preside on the highest ranking judicial board or tribunal. In Law, the judiciary or judicial system is the system of Courts which administer Justice in the name of the sovereign or State Tribunal is a generic term for any body acting judicially whether or not it is called a tribunal in its title They handle non-academic matters such as violations of behavior code, harassment, or violation of the school's created constitution. A constitution is a system for government often Codified as a written document that establishes the rules and principles of an autonomous political entity [8]

Uruguay

In Uruguay, Chancellor (Spanish: Canciller) is the title given to the Foreign Affairs Minister. Uruguay.(official full name in República Oriental del Uruguay;, Oriental Republic of Uruguay) is a country located in the southeastern part of South America

Other Organizations

Catholic Church

The chancellor is the principal record-keeper of a diocese or eparchy, or their equivalent. In many rites of the Roman Catholic Church and in Anglican churches, a diocese is an administrative territorial unit administered by a Bishop. Eparchy is an Anglicized Greek word authentically Latinized as eparchia and loosely translating as 'rule over something' but has the following The chancellor is a notary, so that he may certify official documents, and often has other duties at the discretion of the bishop of the diocese: he may be in charge of some aspect of finances or of managing the personnel connected with diocesan offices, although his delegated authority cannot extend to vicars of the diocesan bishop, such as vicars general, episcopal vicars or judicial vicars. A vicar general (often abbreviated VG) is the principal deputy of the bishop of a diocese for the exercise of administrative authority His office is within the "chancery. " Vice-chancellors may be appointed to assist the chancellor in busy chanceries. Normally, the chancellor is a priest or deacon, although in some circumstances a layperson may be appointed to the post. [9] In the eparchial curia a chancellor is to be appointed who is to be a presbyter (priest) or deacon and whose principal obligation, unless otherwise established by the particular law, is to see that the acts of the curia are gathered and arranged as well as preserved in the archives of the eparchial curia. [10] [11]

See also

External Link

CCEO 1990

References

  1. ^ Toby A. Logothete ( Greek λογοθέτης, Med Latin logotheta, Italian: logoteta, Romanian: logofăt) H. Wilkinson, Early Dynastic Egypt, Routledge 1999, p. 131
  2. ^ Michael Rice, Who's Who in Ancient Egypt, Routledge 2001, p. 63
  3. ^ pBerlin 10035 in U. Luft, Urkunden zur Chronologie der späten 12. Dynastie, Briefe aus Illahun, Wien 2006, 69 ff.
  4. ^ pLouvre 3230 B in E. Wente, Letters from Ancient Egypt, Atlanta, 1990, 92
  5. ^ Memoirs, Egypt Exploration Society—1958, p. 7
  6. ^ Serdab of the Chancellor Meketre
  7. ^ Michael Rice, Who's Who in Ancient Egypt, Routledge 2001
  8. ^ Judicial Boards
  9. ^ CIC 482; CCEO 252—§1. The Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches (CCEO is the title of the 1990 codification of the common portions of the Canon Law for the 22 of the 23 Sui iuris
  10. ^ See, Thomas Kuzhinapurath
  11. ^ §2. Thomas John Kuzhinapuath (born May 24, 1969) is an author and priest of the Syro-Malankara Catholic Church of India. If it seems necessary the chancellor can be given an assistant whose title is vice-chancellor. §3. The chancellor as well as the vice-chancellor are by the law itself notaries of the eparchial curia. In the 1983 Code of Canon Law for the Latin rite of the Catholic Church, the chancellor may be a layperson, and not necessarily a presbyter or deacon. Canon law is internal ecclesiastical law governing the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox churches and the Anglican Communion of churches The office of the Chancellor is mandatory in all diocessan (eparchial) curia. The primary function of the Chancellor is to keep the curial records properly. Beal, New Commentary on the Code of Canon Law, Paulist Press, Mahwah, NJ, 2000, p. 635


Dictionary

chancellor

-noun

  1. A judicial court of chancery, which in England and in the United States is distinctively a court with equity jurisdiction.
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