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 Chamaecyparis pisifera foliage and cones
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Chamaecyparis is genus of conifers in the family Cupressaceae, native to eastern Asia and western and eastern North America. Plants are living Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. The Order Pinales in the Division Pinophyta, Class Pinopsida comprises all the extant Conifers This order was formerly known as the The Cupressaceae or Cypress family is a Conifer family with worldwide distribution In Biology, a species is one of the basic units of Biological classification and a Taxonomic rank. In Biological classification, family ( Latin The Cupressaceae or Cypress family is a Conifer family with worldwide distribution It is one of several genera within the Cupressaceae that have the common name cypress; for others, see cypress (disambiguation). Cypress is the name applied to many Plants in the conifer family Cupressaceae (cypress family Synonyms include Retinispora Siebold & Zucc. This article deals with the general meaning of the term "synonym" and Retinospora Carr.
They are medium-sized to large evergreen trees growing to 20-70 m tall, with foliage in flat sprays. In Botany, an Evergreen plant is a plant having leaves all year round A tree is a perennial Woody plant. It is most often defined as a woody plant that has many secondary branches supported clear of the ground on a single main stem or The leaves are of two types, needle-like juvenile leaves on young seedlings up to a year old, and scale-like adult leaves. In Botany, a leaf is an above-ground Plant organ specialized for Photosynthesis. The cones are globose to oval, with 8-14 scales arranged in opposite decussate pairs; each scale bears 2-4 small seeds. A cone (in formal botanical usage Strobilus, plural strobili is an organ on Plants in the division Pinophyta ( Conifers A seed (in some plants referred to as a kernel) is a small embryonic Plant enclosed in a covering called the seed coat usually with some stored
There are five or six species, depending on taxonomic opinion:
- Chamaecyparis formosensis. Chamaecyparis formosensis ( Formosan Cypress; Chinese: 紅檜/红桧 hong gui) is a species of Chamaecyparis, Taiwan.
- Chamaecyparis lawsoniana. Chamaecyparis lawsoniana is a cypress in the genus Chamaecyparis, family Cupressaceae, known by the name Lawson's Cypress Western North America.
- Chamaecyparis obtusa. Chamaecyparis obtusa ( Japanese cypress, Hinoki cypress or Hinoki; Japanese: 檜 or 桧 hinoki) is a species of Japan.
- Chamaecyparis pisifera. Chamaecyparis pisifera ( Sawara Cypress or Sawara ( Japanese: サワラ Sawara) is a species of cypress, native to central Japan.
- Chamaecyparis taiwanensis. Chamaecyparis taiwanensis ( Taiwan Cypress;) is a species of cypress, native to the mountains of Taiwan, where it grows at altitudes Taiwan.
- Chamaecyparis thyoides. Chamaecyparis thyoides ( Atlantic White Cypress or Atlantic Whitecedar) is a species of Chamaecyparis, native to the Atlantic Eastern North America.
C. taiwanensis is treated by many authors as a variety of C. obtusa (as C. obtusa var. formosana).
Another species which used to be included in this genus, as Chamaecyparis nootkatensis, has now been transferred on the basis of strong genetic and morphological evidence to the separate genus Callitropsis as Callitropsis nootkatensis, or back to Cupressus nootkatensis (the name it was originally described under in 1824). Callitropsis ( synonym Xanthocyparis) is a genus of cypresses in the family Cupressaceae, with several native to North America Nootka Cypress ( Callitropsis nootkatensis) formerly Cupressus nootkatensis Xanthocyparis nootkatensis or Chamaecyparis nootkatensis, is
Chamaecyparis species are used as food plants by the larva of some Lepidoptera species including Juniper Pug and Pine Beauty. A larva ( Latin; plural larvae) is a juvenile form of Animal with indirect development, undergoing Metamorphosis (for example Lepidoptera is an order of Insect that includes Moths and butterflies. The Juniper Pug (Eupithecia pusillata is a Moth of the family Geometridae. The Pine Beauty ( Panolis flammea) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae.
Cultivation and uses
Four species (C. lawsoniana, C. obtusa, C. pisifera, and C. thyoides) are of considerable importance as ornamental trees in horticulture; several hundred cultivars have been selected for various traits, including dwarf size, yellow, blue, silvery or variegated foliage, permanent retention of juvenile leaves, and thread-like shoots with reduced branching. Ornamental plants are typically grown in the flower Garden or as House plants Most commonly they are grown for the display of their Flowers Other common Horticulture is the art and science of plant cultivation Horticulturists (or horticuluralists) work and conduct research in the fields of Plant propagation A cultivar is a cultivated Plant that has been selected and given a unique name because of its decorative or useful characteristics it is usually distinct from similar In some areas, cultivation is limited by Phytophthora root rot diseases, with C. Phytophthora (from Greek phytón “plant” and phthorá “destruction” “the plant-destroyer” is a Genus of plant-damaging Protists lawsoniana being particularly susceptible to P. lateralis.
The wood is scented, and is highly valued, particularly in Japan, where it is used for temple construction. Wood is hard fibrous lignified structural tissue produced as secondary Xylem in the stems of Woody plants notably trees but also shrubs
References
- Gymnosperm Database: Chamaecyparis
- Flora of China: Chamaecyparis
- Flora of North America: Chamaecyparis
- Germplasm Resources Information Network: Chamaecyparis
- Farjon, A. (2005). Monograph of Cupressaceae and Sciadopitys. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. ISBN 1-84246-068-4.
- Hwang, S. -Y. , Lin, H. -W. , Kuo, Y. -S. , & Lin, T. -P. (2001). RAPD variation in relation to population differentiation of Chamaecyparis formosensis and Chamaecyparis taiwanensis. Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 42: 173-179. Available online (pdf file).
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